Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Every Four-Legged Animal is Not a Dog: Investigating Concussive Symptoms in a Non-Concussed Psychiatric Sample.","authors":"Kaynaat Abrar, Brianna M Goldstein, Jeremy B Frank, Konstantine K Zakzanis","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent somatic, cognitive, and psychological symptoms following an uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury are often attributed to post-concussion syndrome. However, existing research demonstrates that non-concussed populations also report high base rates of such symptoms. In this study, archival data from 131 individuals with psychiatric diagnoses were analyzed using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. Participants were classified into trauma- and anxiety-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, or complex psychiatric disorders. Nonparametric tests were conducted to examine group differences in RPQ total and symptom cluster scores. Significant differences were observed across diagnostic groups, with the complex psychiatric disorders group endorsing the highest total and cluster scores. Across all psychiatric groups, mean RPQ total scores exceeded those reported in multicultural healthy controls and a mTBI sample. The present study demonstrates that PCS-like symptoms are not unique to neurological trauma but are strongly endorsed across psychiatric populations, particularly among individuals with multiple psychiatric comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Normative Data of a Modified Autobiographical Interview for Use in Taiwanese Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Wei-Yang Chen, Ta-Cheng Chen, Pai-Yi Chiu, Wei-Han Wang, Mei-Kuei Chen, Hsin-Te Chang","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autobiographical memory (AM) refers to the recollection of events in an individual's life. AM deficits have been associated with brain disorders, such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Researchers have developed interview protocols to assess AM deficits. We aimed to validate a modified version of the Autobiographical Interview (mAI) among Taiwanese patients with TLE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A normative reference sample of 100 healthy individuals was established to model age- and education-adjusted performance. From this group, 38 individuals were matched to TLE patients to validate discriminative ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mAI demonstrated high interrater reliability. Retrieval of episodic AM from childhood was associated with linguistic ability. Retrieval of episodic AM from adolescence involved both arbitrary and meaningful associations. Retrieval of episodic AM from recent life was not dependent on arbitrary associations. Age was negatively associated with episodic AM retrieval, whereas educational level was positively associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TLE patients displayed deficits in episodic AM retrieval from adolescence while AM retrieval from childhood and recent life was preserved. These results support the validity of the mAI as a tool for assessing AM deficits in TLE patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dementia risk factors, everyday functioning, and healthy aging across cognitive status.","authors":"Nicole Whiteley, Thomas J Farrer, Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reviews enumerate several modifiable risk factors that offer avenues for early intervention across midlife and older adulthood. The current study examined the relationship between risk factors and cognitive status (i.e., healthy older adults [HOA], subjective cognitive decline [SCD], and mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), and their association with everyday functioning and engagement in healthy aging behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 260 community-dwelling midlife and older adults. They completed clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires assessing healthy aging activity engagement and everyday functioning cross-sectionally. Dementia risk variables were dichotomized and weighted using the relative risk value from the Lancet Commission to create a composite dementia risk score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of variance revealed significant group differences in dementia risk, F(2, 257) = 5.90, p = .003, η2 = 0.04, with significantly lower risk in HOA than both SCD and MCI. Hierarchical regressions found that the dementia risk score significantly associated with everyday functioning above and beyond global cognition and age. After controlling for cognition and age, dementia risk is also associated with engagement in healthy aging behaviors and their subtypes (i.e., biological health, social and cognitive strategies, health safeguard behaviors). Exploratory analyses of individual risk factors identified specific predictors of everyday functioning and healthy aging engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings establish overlapping risk profiles and vulnerabilities for both SCD and MCI groups. Findings support both biological and mental health factors associated with everyday functioning and healthy aging activities, highlighting the importance of early intervention and a proactive, individualized approach to manage dementia risk across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-fluent agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia in a bilingual Mandarin/English speaker: a case report.","authors":"Belinda Y Zhang, Bailey L Ortiz, Shelley Peery","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acag027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-fluent agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) is a neurodegenerative condition associated with effortful speech and agrammatism in language production. The neuropsychological assessment and diagnosis of nfvPPA in bilingual patients is not well characterized. This case report describes a 66-year-old bilingual Mandarin/English speaking male patient who experienced gradual progression of aphasia in both languages with initial preferential sparing of Mandarin.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The patient was seen for a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation administered primarily in Mandarin Chinese with select subtests in English. Language functioning was assessed using the Bilingual Aphasia Screening Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with a diagnosis of nfvPPA, the patient's neuropsychological assessment revealed agrammatism, apraxia of speech, and impaired comprehension of complex commands. Preserved language abilities included single-word comprehension, object knowledge, and lexical discrimination. In other domains, verbal and visual memory were impaired, while attention, processing speed, visuospatial skills, and motor functioning were preserved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess for nfvPPA in bilingual patients. This case also has implications for understanding the clinical presentation and progression of symptoms for bilingual patients, highlighting the complex interaction between neurodegeneration and bicultural language representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambulatory Cognitive Function and Cognitive Dispersion among Individuals with Type I Diabetes: Examining Biobehavioral and Glycemic Correlates.","authors":"Patrick J Smith, Reid Barker, Jason Hassenstab, Rhonda M Merwin","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely regarded as an important risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), with higher blood glucose variability (BGV) associating with greater ADRD risk. Few studies have linked BGV with ambulatory cognitive functioning or cognitive dispersion measures in T1DM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a pilot study in which 20 individuals with type-I DM (T1DM) wore a continuous glucose monitor and actigraphy monitor for one week while completing ambulatory measures of cognition. In addition to ambulatory measures, participants completed a 45-min neuropsychological battery consisting of eight standard measures of Executive Functioning, Memory and Learning, and premorbid intellectual functioning. Demographically corrected t-scores were obtained, as well as measures of cognitive dispersion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cardiovascular risk factors and markers of metabolic function were associated with cognitive function and cognitive dispersion. Higher glucose levels, HbA1c, and body mass, as well as lower physical activity and sleep efficiency all associated with worse ambulatory cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ambulatory cognitive measures demonstrated robust associations with clinical neuropsychological measures and dynamic associations with ambulatory metabolic function and health behaviors. Greater levels of cognitive dispersion associated with vascular risk factors, worse metabolic function, and worse ambulatory cognitive functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Sports Concussion Specialists' Clinical Criteria to Determine Concussion Recovery.","authors":"Rosemarie Scolaro Moser, Kaitlin E Riegler, Connor Uhrig, Daniel M Choi, Steven Broglio, Bridget Mayer, Adrian Boltz, Christina L Master, Phillip Schatz","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to identify criteria used by sports concussion specialists in determining recovery from sport-related concussion. We hypothesized differences in decision-making criteria among three specialist groups, neuropsychologists, physicians, and certified athletic trainers (ATCs), for youth athletes and young adult/adult athletes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We surveyed 156 sports concussion specialists (neuropsychologists = 46, physicians = 42, and ATCs = 68) who rated the importance of specific criteria for determining concussion recovery in youth and young adult/adult athletes. Differences between these specialist groups were examined with Kruskal-Wallis tests. Modal ratings for each age group by specialist were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences (all p < .001) in criteria ratings across specialist groups regarding youth and young adults/adults for \"use of neurocognitive test scores,\" \"balance testing,\" \"physical examination,\" \"no symptom provocation with neurocognitive testing,\" \"athlete report of anxiety about return to sport,\" and \"family member's report of recovery.\" For both age groups, physicians ranked \"use of neurocognitive test scores\" and \"no symptom provocation with neurocognitive testing\" as less important than other providers, while \"physician examination\" was ranked as more important. Neuropsychologists ranked \"balance testing\" and \"athlete report of anxiety about return to sport\" as less important than other providers, and ATCs ranked \"family member's report of recovery\" as less important than other providers. Modal ratings provided more detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results advance understanding of multidisciplinary standards of care in determining recovery from sports concussion and suggest the importance of collaboration in establishing clinical criteria common to all sports concussion health care providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Prospective Memory after Stroke: a Comparison of Self-Report and Performance-Based Measures.","authors":"Virginia Ambrogi, Fabio Giovannelli, Stefania Righi, Ilaria Pellegrini, Sara Della Bella, Chiara Pedrini, Francesca Cecchi, Maria Pia Viggiano","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prospective memory (PM) is essential for daily functioning, allowing individuals to remember planned actions while engaged in other tasks. PM deficits can significantly affect quality of life, particularly in clinical populations, such as patients with stroke. The present study aimed to compare PM failures between patients with stroke and healthy controls using both a performance-based task and a self-report measure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-five patients with stroke and forty healthy controls participated in the study. All participants completed the Prospective scale of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and the event-based task from the Miami Prospective Memory Test (MPMTevent).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with stroke were significantly more likely to exhibit impaired performance on the MPMTevent than healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in PRMQ scores. This finding indicates that, despite their lower performance on MPMTevent individuals with stroke did not subjectively perceive a higher frequency of PM failures in everyday life than healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a dissociation between objective PM performance and self-assessment in patients with stroke, highlighting the role of metacognitive awareness. A lack of such awareness could hinder the adoption of effective strategies to improve PM performance. These results emphasize the need for a comprehensive assessment of PM that integrates both performance-based and self-reports measures to fully capture deficits in patients with stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-Person Score Distribution Measures as Performance Validity Indicators in Service Members and Veterans with and without History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Jeremy J Davis","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf109","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined within-person score distribution measures (WPSD) as a performance validity indicator using the overall test battery mean (OTBM), within-battery standard deviation (SD-B), coefficient of variation (CV), number of abnormal scores (ABN), and several other measures. The primary aim was comparison of classification accuracy of various WPSD measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study involved secondary analysis of de-identified data originally collected in the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Study 1. Participants (N = 1431) were categorized into valid and questionable performance validity groups using independent performance validity tests (PVTs). Seven WPSD measures were calculated from norm-referenced T scores on 24 cognitive tests: OTBM, CV, SD-B, kurtosis, skew, range, and ABN (scores ≤35 T). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were compared across WPSD measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group differences were observed in OTBM, CV, and ABN. AUC comparison showed excellent classification accuracy for OTBM (AUC = 0.83) and ABN (AUC = 0.84), and acceptable accuracy for CV (AUC = 0.74). Minimum specificity (≥90%) was shown with cutoffs on OTBM (≤42 T; sensitivity = 56%), CV (≥0.265; sensitivity = 30%), and ABN (≥6; sensitivity = 55%). Slight adjustments were required to maintain specificity in racially and ethnically diverse sample subsets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OTBM and ABN demonstrated strong potential for use as embedded PVTs with excellent classification accuracy. CV displayed lower classification accuracy with group differences primarily due to changes in mean performance rather than increased dispersion. Further development and cross-validation of WPSD-based PVTs is warranted in civilian samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupting the Frontal Aslant Tract: Network Evidence for Speech Initiation Deficits in a Non-Anglophone Stroke Survivor.","authors":"Majd A AbuAlrob, Khaled Zammar, Fatima Mallat, Nadin Abuozied, Ahmad Elsotouhy, Rand Abdellatif, Tarneem Azzam, Suhail Hussein","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a direct cortico-cortical intra-frontal pathway linking the inferior frontal gyrus with the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas and is implicated in speech initiation and verbal fluency. However, much of the available evidence regarding its role in speech production derives from studies in English-speaking populations, which may limit the generalizability of these findings to underrepresented languages and linguistic contexts.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a 74-year-old Arabic-speaking man who developed acute non-fluent aphasia following a left frontal infarct. Neurological examination demonstrated near-complete speech arrest with relative preservation of receptive language abilities and orofacial praxis, and without limb weakness. MRI localized the lesion to the pars opercularis/middle frontal junction, and diffusion tensor imaging demonstrated focal discontinuity of the left FAT with preservation of the right homolog. Confrontation naming could not be assessed due to the complete absence of verbal output. This clinical-anatomical dissociation, marked impairment of speech initiation in the context of relatively preserved receptive and buccofacial motor functions, supports a critical role of the left FAT in initiating propositional speech.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case provides tract-level evidence that selective FAT disruption can result in profound deficits in speech initiation while sparing posterior language networks, reinforcing network-based models of language production. These findings underscore the importance of anatomically informed and linguistically inclusive diagnostic and rehabilitation approaches for non-Anglophone populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early impairment of narrative discourse complexity in Parkinson's disease without mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"María García Pérez, Antonieta Nieto, Iván Galtier","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acag024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have an increased risk of dementia. Identifying cognitive changes that could be present from the early stages of the disease, or which increase the risk of PD-MCI or dementia development is a highly relevant challenge. To date, investigations focusing on narrative discourse in PD-MCI are extremely scarce. The objective of this research was to investigate narrative discourse with the Cookie Theft (CT) picture in patients with PD, with and without MCI, in addition to other classical measures of language production. Moreover, the authors explore which components of language production are associated with the progression of neurological impairment and the diagnosis of MCI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This observational study included 27 patients, classified as PD with and without MCI, and 24 controls who were evaluated with a set of linguistic instruments, including the CT picture, verbal fluency test (phonemic and semantic) and naming task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both PD groups showed a greater number of simple clauses and lower scores in multiclausal utterances and in the complexity index, suggesting decreased discourse complexity. PD-MCI performed poorly in naming and semantic fluency compared to controls. CT picture performance was independent of neurological impairment (Hoehn and Yahr Stage) and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test), in contrast to naming and verbal fluency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Impairment in narrative discourse in PD can be present regardless of cognitive status and degree of neurological impairment, in contrast to other language production difficulties, which are associated with MCI diagnosis and disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}