Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"If Invalid PVT Scores Are Obtained, Can Valid Neuropsychological Profiles Be Believed?","authors":"David W Loring,&nbsp;Felicia C Goldstein","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acz028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Performance Validity Testing (PVT) decision-making rules may be indeterminate in patients with neurological disease in which PVT characteristics have not been adequately studied. We report a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who failed computerized PVT testing but had normal memory scores with a neuropsychological profile consistent with expected MS disease-related weaknesses.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Neuropsychological testing was conducted on two occasions in a middle-aged woman with an established MS diagnosis to address concerns of possible memory decline. Testing was discontinued after PVT scores below recommended cut-points were obtained during the first evaluation. During the second assessment, subthreshold PVT scores on a different computerized PVT were obtained, but unlike the first assessment, the entire neuropsychological protocol was administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite subthreshold computerized PVT scores, normal learning and memory performance was obtained providing objective data to answer the referral question. Other neuropsychological findings included decreased processing speed, poor working memory, and poor executive function consistent with her MS diagnosis. Embedded PVT scores were normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We speculate that poor computerized PVT scores resulted from the disease-related features of MS, although we also discuss approaches to reconcile apparently contradictory PVT versus neuropsychological results if the contributions of disease-related variables on PVTs scores are discounted. This case demonstrates the value of completing the assessment protocol despite obtaining PVT scores below publisher recommended cutoffs in clinical evaluations. If subthreshold PVT scores are considered evidence of performance invalidity, it is still necessary to have an approach for interpreting seemingly credible neuropsychological test results rather than simply dismissing them as invalid.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1192-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acz028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40552355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Scoring of the Pentagon Test: A Tool for the Identification of Subtle Cognitive Deficits in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Patients.","authors":"Andrea Galbiati,&nbsp;Giulia Carli,&nbsp;Alessandra Dodich,&nbsp;Sara Marelli,&nbsp;Pagnini Caterina,&nbsp;Chiara Cerami,&nbsp;Marco Zucconi,&nbsp;Luigi Ferini-Strambi","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acz024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) frequently represents the prodromal stage of alpha-synucleinopathies, and similar to these pathologies, iRBD patients show neuropsychological deficits, particularly in the domain of visuospatial abilities and executive functions. We hypothesized that the qualitative scoring of the Mini-Mental State Examination pentagon test (QSPT) may detect subtle visuospatial deficits in these subjects, and we evaluated its relationship with indexes of sleep quality, as measured by polysomnography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 80 polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively recruited. Global and specific qualitative performances were evaluated according to QSPT procedure. Comparisons between iRBD and HC regarding all QSPT parameters, neuropsychological tests, and polysomnographic recordings were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients displayed significantly lower scores in both \"closing-in\" and total score parameters in comparison to HC. The QSPT total score exhibited significant positive correlations with verbal comprehension, fluency, visuospatial abilities, and executive functions. Notably, iRBD patients with impaired performance at QSPT showed decreased neuropsychological performances and higher percentages of slow wave sleep (SWS). In addition, SWS percentages negatively correlated with verbal comprehension, fluency, visuospatial abilities, executive functions, and QSPT total score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>QSPT may represent a brief and easy to administer tool for the detection of subtle visuospatial changes in iRBD patients. Furthermore, polysomnographic findings suggest a possible slowdown of electroencephalographic pattern during non-REM sleep in iRBD patients in line with the presence of cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1113-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acz024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37119395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Management Capacity and Its Neurocognitive Correlates in Huntington's Disease.","authors":"Catherine A Sumida,&nbsp;Emily J Van Etten,&nbsp;Francesca V Lopez,&nbsp;David P Sheppard,&nbsp;Eva Pirogovsky-Turk,&nbsp;Jody Corey-Bloom,&nbsp;J Vincent Filoteo,&nbsp;Steven P Woods,&nbsp;Paul E Gilbert,&nbsp;Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acy093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although medication management is a necessary daily activity for individuals with Huntington's disease (HD), medication management abilities and their relation to cognitive functioning have not been evaluated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty individuals with HD and 20 healthy adults (HA) completed the Medication Management Abilities Assessment (MMAA). Individuals with HD also completed a self-report medication management measure and neuropsychological tests assessing executive function, retrospective memory, and prospective memory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with HD performed significantly poorer and made more undertaking errors on the MMAA as compared to HA. No group differences were found in overtaking errors. In the HD group, significant associations were found between undertaking errors and perceived medication management ability as well as between MMAA task performance and measures assessing prospective memory and executive functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medication management capacity was negatively affected in individuals with HD and may be associated with difficulty remembering to take medications in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acy093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36752357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability and convergent and divergent validity of the Ruff Figural Fluency Test in healthy young adults.","authors":"Thomas P Ross","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acu052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reliability and validity of standard and qualitative scores for the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT; Ruff, 1988) was examined in 102 healthy undergraduates. Participants (M age = 21.79; SD = 3.7; age = 80% Caucasian) were administered the RFFT and measures assessing executive functions (EF) and other cognitive domains. Inter-scorer reliability was excellent (0.9 range) for most RFFT indices. Test-retest coefficients (M interval = 7 weeks) ranged from 0.64 for the error ratio score to 0.87 for unique designs. RFFT indices correlated with Block Design performance and nonverbal measures of working memory, but were unrelated to measures of verbal fluency, verbal learning, or working memory for verbal material. RFFT novel design output correlated with most measures of EF supporting the convergent validity of this measure. In contrast, correlations between measures of EF and qualitative scores were absent or weak. RFFT score interpretation is discussed in light of relevant models of EF and directions for future research are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"806-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acu052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32747453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposed reinterpretation of Gerstmann's syndrome.","authors":"Alfredo Ardila","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acu056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gerstmann's syndrome includes the clinical tetrad of finger agnosia, agraphia, acalculia, and right-left confusion. Some disagreement remains with regard to the exact localization of the syndrome, but most probable it involves the left angular gyrus with a subcortical extension. Several authors have suggested that a defect in mental spatial rotations could simultaneously account for acalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia. It has been also suggested that semantic aphasia is always associated with acalculia; as a matter of fact, left angular gyrus has a significant involvement in semantic processing. In this paper, it is proposed that Gerstmann's syndrome should include: acalculia, finger agnosia, right-left disorientation, and semantic aphasia, but not agraphia. When the pathology extends toward the superior parietal gyrus, agraphia can be found. A fundamental defect (i.e., an impairment in verbally mediated spatial operations) could explain these apparently unrelated clinical signs. </p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"828-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acu056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32798212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of education predicts performance on the Wide Range Achievement Test-4th Edition Word Reading subtest.","authors":"Philip Sayegh,&nbsp;Alyssa Arentoft,&nbsp;Nicholas S Thaler,&nbsp;Andy C Dean,&nbsp;April D Thames","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acu059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined whether self-rated education quality predicts Wide Range Achievement Test-4th Edition (WRAT-4) Word Reading subtest and neurocognitive performance, and aimed to establish this subtest's construct validity as an educational quality measure. In a community-based adult sample (N = 106), we tested whether education quality both increased the prediction of Word Reading scores beyond demographic variables and predicted global neurocognitive functioning after adjusting for WRAT-4. As expected, race/ethnicity and education predicted WRAT-4 reading performance. Hierarchical regression revealed that when including education quality, the amount of WRAT-4's explained variance increased significantly, with race/ethnicity and both education quality and years as significant predictors. Finally, WRAT-4 scores, but not education quality, predicted neurocognitive performance. Results support WRAT-4 Word Reading as a valid proxy measure for education quality and a key predictor of neurocognitive performance. Future research should examine these findings in larger, more diverse samples to determine their robust nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"731-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acu059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32819870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and psychometric properties of the instrumental activities of daily living: compensation scale.","authors":"Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe,&nbsp;Carolyn Parsey,&nbsp;Richard Lamb","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acu053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Instrumental Activities of Daily Living - Compensation (IADL-C) scale was developed to capture early functional difficulties and to quantify compensatory strategy use that may mitigate functional decline in the aging population. The IADL-C was validated in a sample of cognitively healthy older adults (N=184) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N=92) and dementia (N=24). Factor analysis and Rasch item analysis led to the 27-item IADL-C informant questionnaire with four functional domain subscales (money and self-management, home daily living, travel and event memory, and social skills). The subscales demonstrated good internal consistency (Rasch reliability 0.80 to 0.93) and test-retest reliability (Spearman coefficients 0.70 to 0.91). The IADL-C total score and subscales showed convergent validity with other IADL measures, discriminant validity with psychosocial measures, and the ability to discriminate between diagnostic groups. The money and self management subscale showed notable difficulties for individuals with MCI, whereas difficulties with home daily living became more prominent for dementia participants. Compensatory strategy use increased in the MCI group and decreased in the dementia group.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"776-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acu053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32770953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-predictions of prospective memory in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: evidence of a metamemory deficit.","authors":"Kaitlin Blackstone Casaletto,&nbsp;Katie L Doyle,&nbsp;Erica Weber,&nbsp;Steven Paul Woods","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acu061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are associated with deficits in prospective memory (PM; \"remembering to remember\"), conferring risk of daily functioning declines. However, self-perceptions of PM functioning are not reliably associated with PM performance in HIV, suggesting a possible deficit in awareness of PM abilities (meta-PM). Our study examined meta-PM in HAND and its correlates using self-predictions of laboratory-based PM performance. Performance-based PM abilities, self-reported prediction of PM performance, and PM complaints in everyday life were assessed in 49 individuals with HAND, 93 HIV+ without HAND (HIV+ noHAND), and 121 seronegative adults (HIV-). After controlling for group-level differences, HAND was associated with a greater number of PM symptoms in everyday life and worse PM performance when compared with both HIV+ noHAND and HIV- samples. Although HAND individuals reported somewhat lower predictions regarding their laboratory PM performance relative to the other study groups, they nevertheless exhibited significantly greater inaccurate overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Within the HAND group, overconfidence in time-based meta-PM was associated with executive dysfunction and antiretroviral (ARV) nonadherence. HAND individuals evidenced a moderate deficit in awareness of PM functioning characterized by overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Overconfidence in PM may result in absence of compensatory strategy use, and lead to increased errors in daily functioning (e.g., ARV nonadherence).</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"818-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acu061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32819871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining verbal memory on the Word Memory Test and California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition.","authors":"Jeremy J Davis,&nbsp;Jacqueline R Wall","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acu030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the Word Memory Test (WMT) and California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) in a sample (N = 76) of outpatient physiatry referrals who passed WMT validity indices. WMT and CVLT-II raw scores showed moderate to strong correlations. WMT scores were more likely to be below expectation than CVLT-II scores using norms from the respective test manuals. With impaired scores defined as 2 SDs below normative mean, the WMT and CVLT-II showed 67% overall agreement and kappa of 0.34. Forty percent of participants who scored within normal limits on the CVLT-II demonstrated an impaired score on the WMT. Despite evidence of utility, WMT memory subtests appear limited by current normative data. </p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"747-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acu030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32537124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Normative data from a large nationally representative sample of Australians.","authors":"Kim M Kiely,&nbsp;Peter Butterworth,&nbsp;Nicole Watson,&nbsp;Mark Wooden","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acu055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey were used to calculate weighted norms for the written version of the Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT) by gender, 5-year age groups and four levels of educational attainment. The sample comprised 14,456 Australians (47% male; age range 15-100), of whom 25% reported a tertiary qualification, 30% reported a technical qualification (diploma or trade certificate), 16% reported completing Year 12 (final year of high school), and 29% reported their highest level of educational attainment to be Year 11 or below. Participants were excluded if they reported physical or neurological conditions that limited performance. Age, gender, and education were all significantly associated with SDMT performance, as was poor health, and cultural background. The reported norms are of greater scope and precision than previously available and have utility in a range of clinical and research settings. Indeed, normative data for the SDMT that are representative of a national population have not previously been published.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"767-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acu055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32778087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}