Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Normative Data for a Tablet-Based Dual-Task Assessment in Healthy Older Adults.","authors":"Maxime Lussier,&nbsp;Kathia Saillant,&nbsp;Tudor Vrinceanu,&nbsp;Carol Hudon,&nbsp;Louis Bherer","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaa121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to provide normative data for a tablet-based dual-task assessment in older adults without cognitive deficits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In total, 264 participants aged between 60 and 90 years, French and English-speaking, were asked to perform two discrimination tasks, alone and concurrently. The participants had to answer as fast as possible to one or two images appearing in the center of the tablet by pressing to the corresponding buttons. Normative data are provided for reaction time (RT), coefficient of variation, and accuracy. Analyses of variance were performed by trial types (single-pure, single-mixed, dual-mixed), and linear regressions assessed the relationship between performance and sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants were highly educated and a large proportion of them were women (73.9%). The accuracy on the task was very high across all blocks. RT data revealed both a task-set cost and a dual-task cost between the blocks. Age was associated with slower RT and with higher coefficient of variability. Men were significantly slower on dual-mixed trials, but their coefficient of variability was lower on single-pure trials. Education was not associated with performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides normative data for a tablet-based dual-task assessment in older adults without cognitive impairment, which was lacking. All participants completed the task with good accuracy in less than 15 minutes and thus, the task is transferable to clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1316-1325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acaa121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39107576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive Social Engagement as a Vehicle to Promote Activity and Neuro-Cognitive Health in Later Adulthood.","authors":"Michelle C Carlson","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We have witnessed two key findings that shift our understanding of human brain aging in new directions. First, we learned that the adult brain remains plastic beyond childhood development, generating new neurons in response to activity and new experiences, particularly in regions that integrate memories in social contexts. The second emerging finding is the importance of physical activity and social engagement to cognitive aging. I integrate these and other empirical findings with our understanding of brain development over the life span and the later-life developmental need to give back to younger generations to posit the importance of maintaining our \"social\" brain through retirement and into later life when activity remains beneficial to brain health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Opportunities for improved cognitive and brain health that can be brought to scale need to capitalize on aging adults' need to remain socially relevant and on community infrastructures so that those with lower neighborhood access to activity can safely engage. Evidence is summarized here from one such community-based model of social engagement through school-based, volunteer service, entitled Experience Corps®. This program seeks to increase daily physical, cognitive, and social activity to promote cognitive and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1274-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39522815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness Meditation: Impact on Attentional Control and Emotion Dysregulation.","authors":"Ruchika Shaurya Prakash","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Theoretical models of mindfulness meditation conceptualize the cultivation of focused attention and regulation of emotional states, with the attitudinal foundations that promote nonjudgment and acceptance, to facilitate cognitive and affective processing resulting in improved brain health. Within the scientific study of mindfulness meditation, outcomes assessing behavioral and neural correlates of attentional control and emotion regulation have been examined for their malleability as a function of engagement in mindfulness practices. This review synthesizes the results of our pilot trials examining the preliminary effects of mindfulness meditation on metrics of cognitive, affective, and brain health in older adults and in individuals with multiple sclerosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is promising support for mindfulness meditation to enhance attentional control, reduce mind-wandering, and reduce emotion dysregulation. However, well-powered efficacy trials, with an objective assessment of mindfulness practice data are needed to further provide causal and comprehensive evidence supporting the efficacy of mindfulness meditation for brain health. Inclusion of independently derived and validated brain-based signatures of cognitive and affective functioning can additionally enable a parsimonious understanding of how mindfulness meditation can causally impact metrics of functional and structural integrity of the human brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1283-1290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517620/pdf/acab053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39522813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereotype Threat and Neuropsychological Test Performance in the U.S. African American Population.","authors":"Arthur L Whaley","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This cross-sectional study tested stereotype threat theory using the Modified-Symbol Digit Modalities Test (M-SDMT), a neurocognitive test, with the African American subsample (N = 3570) of the National Survey of American Life. The primary hypothesis is that those classified as experiencing stereotype threat will achieve the lowest scores.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>African American respondents who perceived race as a barrier to life goals and scored above the median in endorsement of negative racial stereotypes were classified as experiencing stereotype threat. M-SDMT scores were regressed on threat group classification with adjustments for gender, age, income, and education. Nonparametric test of the effect sizes for threat group classification versus demographic variables was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stereotype threat group obtained statistically significantly lower M-SDMT scores than the no threat group. However, the stereotype threat effect became nonsignificant in regression analyses adjusted for demographic variables. The nonparametric test revealed a statistically significantly larger average effect size for demographic variables than threat group classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relatively less influential role of stereotype threat than other biological and social factors limit its explanatory power for racial disparities in neuropsychological test performance among African Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1361-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acab020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25569327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Management Performance in Parkinson's Disease: Examination of Process Errors.","authors":"Catherine A Sumida,&nbsp;Francesca V Lopez,&nbsp;Emily J Van Etten,&nbsp;Nicole Whiteley,&nbsp;Raeanne C Moore,&nbsp;Irene Litvan,&nbsp;Stephanie Lessig,&nbsp;Paul E Gilbert,&nbsp;Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe,&nbsp;J Vincent Filoteo,&nbsp;Dawn M Schiehser","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at risk for increased medication mismanagement, which can lead to worse clinical outcomes. However, the nature of the errors (i.e., undertaking or overtaking medications) contributing to mismanagement and their relationship to cognition in PD is unknown. Therefore, this study sought to examine errors committed on the Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) between PD participants with normal cognition (PD-NC) or mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) relative to healthy adults (HA).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>HA (n = 74), PD-NC (n = 102), and PD-MCI (n = 45) participants were administered the MMAA to assess undertaking, overtaking, and overall errors as well as overall performance (total score). Additionally, participants were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery from which cognitive composites of Attention, Learning, Memory, Language, Visuospatial, and Executive Functioning were derived.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Separate negative binomial regression analyses indicated the PD-MCI group performed significantly worse overall on the MMAA (total score) and committed more undertaking and overall errors relative to HA and PD-NC. In the PD-MCI group, poorer MMAA performance was associated with worse delayed memory performance, whereas cognitive performance was not related to MMAA in HA or PC-NC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to PD and healthy adults with normal cognition, PD-MCI patients exhibited greater difficulty with medication management, particularly with undertaking medications. Poorer medication management in PD-MCI was associated with worse delayed recall. Thus, PD-MCI patients experiencing memory problems may require additional assistance with their medications. Findings have clinical relevance suggesting that objective measures of medication errors may assist clinicians in identifying PD patients needing adherence strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1307-1315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acab004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25402167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal Fluency Development Across Childhood: Normative Data from Brazilian-Portuguese Speakers and Underlying Cognitive Processes.","authors":"Natalia Becker,&nbsp;L R Piccolo,&nbsp;J F Salles","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acz022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Verbal fluency (VF) tasks are widely used to investigate children's lexical knowledge and executive functions skills. Consistency of measurement of the strategic retrieval components is still an issue and performance of Brazilian-Portuguese speaking children are currently not available. A cross-sectional study investigated the effects of age, school type (public × private) and the influence of language, memory and inhibitory control on VF.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed 414 Brazilian children, aged 6-12, in the number of words produced and both clustering and switching components, with two measures of VF: letter (LVF) and semantic (SVF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the number of words produced showed a significant increase between 6-8-year-olds, 9-10-year-olds and 11-12-year-olds in SVF, while in LVF, the differences were significant only in the later age group. In SVF, the numbers of clusters and switches increased with age, whereas in LVF, the number of switches increased in all age groups, but clusters increased only in the older group. Structural equation model analyses showed that oral and written language, verbal memory and inhibitory control are associated with VF performance and IQ, while age mediated VF performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate a different development pattern between LVF and SVF in the number of words produced and in clustering and switching, with the latter predicting VF performance in words produced. VF development is shown to depend on language, memory and inhibitory control. Our results have important implications to clinical neuropsychology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1217-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acz022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37395611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Development of the Poor Validity Profile Analysis for the Medical Symptom Validity Test.","authors":"Kathryn J Dunham,&nbsp;Robert L Denney","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acy104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acy104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36925001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjectively and Objectively Measured Sleep Predict Differing Aspects of Cognitive Functioning in Adults.","authors":"John P K Bernstein,&nbsp;Alyssa DeVito,&nbsp;Matthew Calamia","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acz017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations between subjectively-reported sleep and objectively-measured sleep (i.e., actigraphy) with different domains of cognitive functioning, and determine whether age may moderate these associations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a total of 489 participants (mean age = 45.4 years; SD = 18.8) completed a self-reported sleep measure and one week of actigraphy. Participants also completed a battery of cognitive tests measuring episodic memory, social cognition, executive functioning, and complex cognition (i.e., reasoning, visuospatial, and language abilities).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple regression analyses revealed that greater objective sleep quality and longer onset latencies were both associated with better performance on measures of conceptual flexibility. In contrast, subjective sleep quality was not associated with performance in any cognitive domain after accounting for objective sleep variables. Age moderated sleep-cognition relationships in differing ways based on cognitive domain and facet of sleep assessed. For example, whereas poorer subjective sleep quality was associated with poorer complex cognition in younger, but not older adults, poorer objective sleep quality was associated with poorer conceptual flexibility in older, but not younger adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Objectively-measured and self-reported sleep are associated with differing aspects of executive functioning, with the latter related to executive functioning broadly and the former associated with conceptual flexibility in particular. Age moderates sleep-cognition relationships differentially depending on the method by which sleep quality and quantity are measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1127-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acz017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37376966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Exaggerated Functional Impairment due to Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury\".","authors":"David A Elias,&nbsp;Vance V MacLaren,&nbsp;Erin K Brien,&nbsp;Arron W S Metcalfe","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acz011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acz011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37232074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reliability and Validity of the Action Fluency Test in Healthy College Students.","authors":"Thomas P Ross,&nbsp;Sydne O'Connor,&nbsp;Graham Holmes,&nbsp;Brittany Fuller,&nbsp;Megan Henrich","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acz016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Action Fluency Test (AFT) as a measure of executive functioning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a correlational design, 128 healthy college students (M Age = 19.24, SD = 2.01; M education = 13.29 years, SD = 0.81) completed the AFT, and measures of verbal and figural fluency, executive functioning and other relevant constructs (e.g., vocabulary, working memory, and attention).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coefficients of stability were acceptable for AFT correct words (r = .76; p < .01), but not for errors (r = .41) or perseverations (r = .14). No practice effects were observed upon repeat testing (M interval = 39.21 days). Divergent validity evidence was mixed. AFT scores were unrelated to working memory and perceptual-reasoning abilities; however, correlations with vocabulary (r = .32; p < .01) and information-processing speed (r = .30; p < .01) were greater than associations between AFT scores and executive measures. Regarding convergent validity, AFT scores correlated with other fluency tasks (r = .4 range), but correlations with measures of executive functioning were absent or small. Action and letter fluency correlated with measures of attentional control and inhibition; however, these associations were no longer significant after controlling for shared variance with information-processing speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings are consistent with previous research suggesting vocabulary and information-processing speed underlie effective fluency performance to a greater extent than executive functioning. The AFT measures unique variance not accounted for by semantic and letter fluency tasks, and therefore may be used for a variety of research and clinical purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1175-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acz016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37200739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}