Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Compensation Strategies for Cognitive Complaints After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Patient Perspective.","authors":"Reinier W P Tack, Gabriel J E Rinkel, Roderick T van Nievelt, Irene Huenges Wajer, Johanna M A Visser-Meily, Jacqueline Sibbel, Mervyn D I Vergouwen","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive complaints following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are common and often result in a decreased quality of life. Many patients use strategies to compensate for cognitive complaints in the long-term after aSAH, but it remains unclear which strategies are used. We aimed to determine and classify compensation strategies for cognitive complaints after aSAH.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was conducted between May 2020 and November 2021. All aSAH patients who visited the outpatient aftercare clinic of our tertiary referral hospital between 2016 and 2019 were contacted to participate. We asked participants to fill out a questionnaire, and we collected data from patient files. We retrieved from questionnaires which strategies were commonly used in the years after aSAH to compensate for cognitive complaints, and used Wilson's model of compensation as an existing theoretical framework to classify these strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 166 eligible patients, 81 (49%) patients returned the questionnaire at a median of 46 months after aSAH, of whom 77 (95%) had at least one cognitive complaint. We identified 576 compensation strategies, which we categorized into eight subthemes of strategies: increased time and effort, increased rest before/after activity, removal of distractor, use of alternative cognitive functions, use of external aids, use of others, adjust to reduced cognitive performance, accept reduced cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our study show that numerous compensation strategies are used to compensate for cognitive complaints after aSAH. The identified strategies may help patients to select a strategy that best matches their personal needs and preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-establishing and refining baseline neuropsychological test data among professional hockey players: part 2 regression-based adjustment of neuropsychological norms in professional hockey.","authors":"Jared Bruce, Kaitlin E Riegler, Michael G Hutchison, Winne Meeuwisse, Kimberly G Harmon, Paul Comper, J Scott Delaney, Ruben J Echemendia","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether a regression-based approach provides a more appropriate normative framework for professional hockey players after accounting for estimated overall cognitive ability, language proficiency or acculturation, and baseline performance on other cognitive measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Players were randomly selected from club rosters to complete the National Hockey League/National Hockey League Players' Association (NHL/NHLPA) paper and pencil (PnP) concussion battery and English Proficiency Questionnaire (EPQ) during 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 pre-season camps (oversampling Primary Non-English Language Speakers; PNELS). The final sample consisted of 305 players: 114 Primary English Language Speakers (PELS) and 191 PNELS. Age, estimates of premorbid function, baseline Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool® (SCAT), and EPQ data were included as predictors of PnP performance in regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression-based models accounted for 15%-34% of the variance in PnP test performance among PELS and between 13%-39% of variance in PnP performance among PNELS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regression modeling allows for a more precise calculation of normative data in professional hockey. This approach may be more sensitive to subtle changes in cognitive functioning by accounting for baseline cognition, estimated premorbid abilities, and English language proficiency/acculturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Dyads in Subjective Reporting and Prediction of Cognitive Worsening in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals and Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline: Results of the CompAS Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Lucía Pérez-Blanco, Ana Nieto-Vieites, Alba Felpete-López, Sabela C Mallo, Sonali Arora, Cristina Lojo-Seoane, Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán, Arturo X Pereiro","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main aim was to examine the value of agreement on subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) reported by study participants and informants in predicting worsening cognitive function over time in cognitively unimpaired (CU) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 175 participants from the CompAS study (CU = 139; SCD = 36), who were followed up three times along a period from 17 to 76 months after the start of the study. Levels of agreement on the \"Dyadic SCCs\" were categorized according to whether informant and participant scores at baseline on the short version of the \"Questionnaire d'Autoevaluation de la Memoire\" were above or below a cut-off point accounting for age-related normative complaints. Two categories of agreement were identified: (a) participant scores above the cut-off and informant scores below the cut-off (\"Self-over-reporting\"); (b) both participant and informant scores above the cut-off point (\"Agreement on presence\"). We performed Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for sex, age, and years of education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tested model yielded statistical significant findings and acceptable model fit parameters. \"Dyadic SCCs\" significantly predicted cognitive worsening over time, with \"Self-over-reporting\" acting as a better indicator of the risk than \"Agreement on presence\" in both CU and SCD groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data showed that the \"Self-overreporting,\" compared to \"Agreement on presence,\" increases the risk of worsening per time unit. The findings may be explained by greater awareness of one's own difficulties (hypernosognosia) in preclinical stages of cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations regarding the clinical utility of cognitive testing in functional neurological disorder: A narrative review.","authors":"Ryan Van Patten","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag023","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common clinical condition that is associated with a wide range of neurological, mental health, and physical symptoms, as well as reduced quality of life. There is growing recognition of frequent cognitive difficulties across the spectrum of FND presentations, which are related to impairment and disability for many patients. However, uncertainty regarding the potential clinical utility of cognitive testing continues to hold back optimal assessment and treatment. Specific issues that are in need of additional clarity include contributions of cognitive testing beyond the initial FND diagnosis; overall rates of failed performance validity tests in patients with FND; and conflicting notions about whether cognitive impairments based on testing are either incompatible with the diagnosis or ubiquitous in FND. The current manuscript reviews evidence pertaining to each of these issues, outlines contexts in which cognitive testing is indicated or contraindicated, and provides recommendations for how neuropsychologists can use test results to benefit patients and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Neuromodulation for Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline: a Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Approach.","authors":"Roghayeh Mohammadi, Ahmad Alipour","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 3 Diabetes (T3DM), marked by brain insulin resistance, is increasingly linked to neurocognitive decline and Alzheimer's pathogenesis, necessitating novel non-pharmacological interventions. This study investigated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the left DLPFC (F3 region) to improve cognitive deficits in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized a randomized, double-blind, two-group clinical trial design. Diabetic patients aged 60-80 years in Tehran and Bonab experiencing brain fog and cognitive decline constituted the target population. Recruitment and execution occurred from autumn 2024 to spring 2025. A purposive sampling method selected 23 matched participants per group, adhering to strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Participants were then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received 30 tDCS sessions. Cognitive status and memory were assessed using the mini-mental state examination as the primary outcome and the prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire as a supplementary measure. Repeated Measures ANOVA analyzed the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that tDCS administered to the DLPFC in the experimental cohort significantly enhanced overall cognitive function and reduced subjective memory complaints (p < .01). Additionally, a statistically significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin was observed across nearly all participants in the experimental group (p < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that tDCS presents a promising, non-invasive therapeutic approach. It demonstrates potential for enhancing cognitive function in patients with DACD and for facilitating improved long-term glycemic control. This highlights the role of brain neuromodulation as a component in the management of diabetes-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145403746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texas Card Sorting Test: a Brief Test of Executive Functioning with Age-Adjusted Norms and External Validation.","authors":"Laura H Lacritz, Alyssa N Kaser, Francisco Argueta-Ortiz, Linda S Hynan, C Munro Cullum","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Texas Card Sorting Test (TCST) is a brief test of executive functioning that involves sorting cards into groups based on like dimensions. The TCST is shorter than most available executive function measures, requires minimal language demands, and excludes negative feedback. This study generated age-adjusted normative data for the TCST in a healthy aging, normal control (NC) sample, examined its sensitivity and specificity, assessed convergent validity, and compared NC performance to an Alzheimer's disease clinical syndrome (ADCS) sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>TCST data from 164 NC [Mage = 69.60 (SD = 8.6); Meducation = 15.46 years (SD = 2.83)] and 92 ADCS participants [Mage = 77.73 (SD = 7.55); Meducation = 13.65 years (SD = 3.53)] were obtained as part of a larger neuropsychological battery at Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) sites from which age-adjusted normative data were derived and sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and validity were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TCST Logical Sorts (LS), or correct card sorts, were significantly correlated with age, education, and other executive function measures. Lower but significant correlations were seen with attention and memory measures. TCST performance (LS and total errors) significantly differed between groups [F (1,249) = 142, p < .001 and F(1,248) = 26.5, p < .001]. Receiver operating characteristics analysis yielded an AUC of 0.912, sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 73%, and classification accuracy of 84% for NC versus ADCS. Optimal T score cut-offs, regression-based norms, and a T score calculator are provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the TCST's validity and feasibility as a brief measure of executive functioning that can accurately discriminate between normal aging and dementia. Normative data provided will enhance interpretation of this measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Public Knowledge Pertaining to Traumatic Brain Injury From 2016 to 2025.","authors":"Zachary C Merz, Ryan Van Patten, John Lace, Jennifer K Hoots, Lawrence Chan, Nathan E Cook","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior literature suggests that misconceptions surrounding traumatic brain injury (TBI) definition, short-term impact, and long-term implications are common. The current study sought to replicate and expand a previous survey to provide updated estimates regarding the frequency of TBI misconceptions within lay individuals from the United States.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected from 438 individuals via an electronic survey. Participants completed 42 items designed to evaluate knowledge surrounding TBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall accuracy rate/percent answered correctly was 60%. Participants who reported having attended a seminar/workshop taught by an expert on concussion or having received formal concussion training (58%) demonstrated somewhat worse accuracy relative to those with no reported training (62%; p = .004). Participants who reported above average or greater exposure to discussion of head injuries and their outcomes in the media (58%) demonstrated slightly worse accuracy relative to those who reported average media exposure or less (61%; p = .013). There were no significant differences in accuracy between participants who: (i) reported having been formally diagnosed with ≥1 concussion by a healthcare professional, compared to those without a concussion history; (ii) reported any formal athletic participation relative to those without athletic participation; and (iii) participated in contact sports compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High rates of TBI misconceptions remain and individuals remain vulnerable to the impact of the spread of misinformation across mass and social media.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145477202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worrying about Concussions and Brain Health is Strongly Associated with Psychological Distress in Former Elite Rugby League Players.","authors":"Grant L Iverson, Oliver J Smith, Douglas P Terry, Andrew J Gardner","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Former collision sport athletes may worry and ruminate about their brain health, which might contribute to psychological distress. We hypothesized there would be a strong association between being very worried about this and current psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study examined former elite/professional Australian rugby league players (n = 235; Mean age = 52.37) who completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Brief Pain Inventory, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. On average, they played 8.65 years of rugby league professionally (SD = 4.68) and had 23.37 years of total lifetime rugby league participation (SD = 5.66).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 29.8% who reported being very worried about the possible effects of past concussion(s) on their memory and thinking skills as they get older. There were 29.2% who reported moderate-severe depression, anxiety, or stress on the DASS-21. A logistic regression predicting moderate-severe psychological distress was significant (p < .001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.37) and revealed that number of lifetime concussions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.03), lifetime history of depression (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.44-7.14), lower resilience (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99), and being very worried about their concussion history (OR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.49-7.23) were independent predictors. Total years of participation in rugby league, years of participation at the professional level, and life interference due to chronic pain were not associated with psychological distress in the regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results have implications for the psychological health and quality of life of former collision sport athletes. Providing a multimodal approach to treatment, including psychological interventions, prescribed exercise, and medications, might lead to considerable improvement in their psychological health and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handedness and Working Memory: Exploring Modality-Specific Effects.","authors":"Eyal Heled, Gaya Asher, Matan Kenigsbuch, Shani Yossef, Avishai S Shimon, Shmuel Spiegelman, Hadar Nataf","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf107","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) distinctions between right- and left-handers show inconsistent results in visual and verbal modalities. However, the tactual modality has not yet been assessed. The aim of the current study was to compare right- and left-handers across the three modalities. Thirty-two right handers and thirty left handers participants performed the Digit Span, Visuospatial Span, and Tactual Span tasks, encompassing forward and backward recalls. Results showed no difference between left- and right-handers on overall WM ability, and Tactual Span scores were lower compared to the other tasks. Left-handers performed better on the forward Visuospatial Span but worse than right-handers on the backward Tactual Span. Findings indicate that hemispheric lateralization patterns associated with handedness yield modality-specific advantages, highlighting the importance of considering both modality and handedness in interpreting WM performance, with implications for refining neuropsychological assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Performance for the Emory Complex Figure Scoring System and Recognition Task.","authors":"Andrew C Hale, Robert J Spencer, James J Lah, Felicia C Goldstein, David W Loring","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf095","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study establishes normative data for the Emory Complex Figure-Loring Scoring (CF-LS) and Recognition task, a streamlined alternative to traditional CF measures designed to improve clinical efficiency and utility. Using a large healthy adult sample, we provide regression-based, demographically adjusted norms to support accurate interpretation in clinical and research settings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample included 398 cognitively healthy adults from the Emory Healthy Brain Study. Participants completed the Rey CF using the Emory CF-LS system, which scores 10 core elements for accuracy and location across non-recognition conditions. These 10 core elements are included in a 4-choice recognition task. Regression models incorporating age, education, and race were used to generate scaled scores and stanines for each non-copy condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Copy scores showed ceiling effects, with 72.1% achieving a perfect score, whereas Recall and Recognition scores were more normally distributed. Immediate and Delayed were highly correlated (r = .92), and both were strongly associated with Recognition (r range = .70-.71). Age, education, and race significantly predicted performance, informing the development of demographically adjusted normative data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This report provides regression-based norms for the Emory CF-LS system and Recognition task, offering both scaled scores and stanines to support flexible interpretation. By quantifying the predicted relationship between recall and recognition, the study introduces a practical formal method for detecting retrieval inefficiency. Although the sample is limited by high educational attainment and a narrow age range, findings support broader use of the Emory CF-LS and recognition in cognitive assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145373632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}