Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Two Ecological Tools for Testing Slowness of Information Processing in Italian Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Federica Valentini,&nbsp;Valentina Fabio,&nbsp;Maddalena Boccia,&nbsp;Antonio Tanzilli,&nbsp;Manuela Iannetti,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Cinelli,&nbsp;Carmela De Angelis,&nbsp;Luciano Fasotti,&nbsp;Rita Formisano,&nbsp;Cecilia Guariglia,&nbsp;Maria Paola Ciurli","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slowness of Information Processing (SIP) is frequently experienced after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the impact of SIP on everyday functioning may be underestimated by standard neuropsychological tests.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>we aimed to adapt two ecological instruments assessing SIP in Italian patients with moderate-to-severe TBI, as formerly proposed by Winkens and colleagues for persons with stroke, testing also its possible relation with other neuropsychological processes and functional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>we performed an observational study on 37 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI and 35 demographically matched healthy controls, who underwent the Mental Slowness Observation Test (MSOT) and the Mental Slowness Questionnaire (MSQ), which had been adapted through a pilot study on independent sample of participants; extensive neuropsychological and functional evaluations were performed as well.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found good clinical and psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation of the MSOT and MSQ; also, performance on MSOT significantly correlated with executive functions. Moreover, patients with TBI are significantly slower and less accurate than healthy controls on the MSOT, in particular in tasks with time limits. Even if the subjective feeling of SIP does not differ between patients and controls, we found a significant correlation between MSQ and MSOT. Finally, the performances on the MSOT correlated with measures of functional outcome and community integration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the results support the use of the MSOT and the MSQ to measure SIP in an ecological fashion in patients with TBI, so that specific treatments for persons with acquired brain injury can be prescribed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"677-691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39577332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Protective Factors in Cognitive Aging: A Targeted Review.","authors":"Laura B Zahodne","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The lack of disease-modifying pharmacological agents for dementia highlights the critical importance of prevention, but known modifiable factors (e.g., education, physical health and health behaviors, depression, and social isolation) do not fully represent potential intervention targets. Positive psychosocial factors predict cognitive aging outcomes above and beyond known risk factors and may also correspond to upstream determinants that open up new avenues for prevention and intervention, as well as for reducing racial/ethnic inequalities in dementia. In this brief report, I summarize contemporary evidence for three positive psychosocial factors that appear to be particularly relevant to cognitive aging: perceived control, religious involvement, and social relations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Targeted review and synthesis of published studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each of the multidimensional constructs appears to contain \"active ingredients\" that could help to optimize cognitive aging through disparate mechanisms. Although historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups face disproportionate barriers to accessing certain psychosocial protective factors (e.g., perceived control), these same groups also exhibit naturally occurring sources of psychosocial resilience (e.g., religious involvement) that allow them to achieve better late-life cognitive health than would be otherwise expected. With regard to social relations, converging evidence from disparate studies shows that fostering late-life friendships in particular may have high potential for building cognitive reserve and promoting healthy cognitive aging.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Positive psychosocial factors represent culturally relevant resources that, through careful research, could ultimately be harnessed to promote better cognitive aging for a growing and increasingly diverse population of older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1266-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517619/pdf/acab051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39171781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Can Cognitive Reserve Promote Cognitive and Neurobehavioral Health?","authors":"Yaakov Stern","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review is aimed at understanding how cognitive reserve and related concepts contribute to promoting neurobehavioral and cognitive health, consistent with goal of the 2020 national academy of neuropsychology (NAN) Annual Meeting.Research indicates that lifestyle factors such as achieving educational and work milestones, participating in leisure and social activities and IQ are all associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline in normal aging and of developing dementia. Many of these lifestyle factors have also been associated with better cognition in other psychiatric and neurological conditions. The cognitive reserve hypothesis posits that these lifestyle factors result in individual differences in the flexibility and adaptability of brain networks that may allow some people to cope better than others with age- or dementia-related brain changes. Recent evidence also supports the idea that specific genetic and lifestyle factors may help preserve a healthy brain or enhance brain reserve, a process that has been called brain maintenance. The complementary concept of brain reserve posits that structural brain features can guard against dementia and related conditions. This review defines these theoretical concepts, their research basis, how they are studied and their clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence supports the concept of reserve, which can be influenced by experiences in every stage of life. Focused research in this area can maximize the chance for successful intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1291-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517622/pdf/acab049.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39520216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Spanish Language Neuropsychological Test Use in the Assessment of Hispanic Americans/Latino/as/x.","authors":"Philip Gerard Gasquoine,&nbsp;Amy A Weimer,&nbsp;Eduardo Estevis,&nbsp;Eros Perez","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaa131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the Spanish language neuropsychological tests most frequently used in the evaluation of Hispanic Americans/Latino/as/x across eight neuropsychological domains. To compare these with previously surveyed most frequently used English language tests in the US/Canada. To describe the norms used with Spanish language tests.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An anonymous, uncompensated, 12-min survey was emailed to 169 members of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, Hispanic Neuropsychological Society, and National Academy of Neuropsychology who self-identified as providing neuropsychological evaluations in Spanish via organizational websites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 36%. Respondents were all licensed U.S. psychologists with the majority fluent in Spanish, conducting less than half their evaluations in Spanish. There was an overlap between the versions of the three most frequently used Spanish versus English neuropsychological tests, but it varied by domain with 3/3 similar for visual-spatial/visuoconstructional skills and sensory/motor functioning domains and 2/3 similar for all other domains except memory (0/3). English language norm use predominated within the mood/personality and sensory/motor functioning domains. In all other domains, Spanish language norms collected in the continental US were preferred to those from foreign Spanish-speaking countries. The most frequently used foreign norms were from Mexico.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Except for the memory domain, there was a sizeable overlap between the three most frequently used Spanish and English language neuropsychological tests in the US. Spanish language tests are primarily interpreted with Spanish norms collected in the continental US except within the mood/personality and sensory/motor functioning domains where English language norms predominate.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1350-1360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acaa131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25317530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Initial Validation of the Perceptual Assessment of Memory (PASSOM): A Simulator Study.","authors":"Justin C Koenitzer,&nbsp;Janice E Herron,&nbsp;Jesse W Whitlow,&nbsp;Catherine M Barbuscak,&nbsp;Nitin R Patel,&nbsp;Ryan Pletcher,&nbsp;Jerilyn Christensen","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaa126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Performance validity tests (PVTs) are an integral component of neuropsychological assessment. There is a need for the development of more PVTs, especially those employing covert determinations. The aim of the present study was to provide initial validation of a new computerized PVT, the Perceptual Assessment of Memory (PASSOM).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 58 undergraduate students randomly assigned to a simulator (SIM) or control (CON) group. All participants were provided written instructions for their role prior to testing and were administered the PASSOM as part of a brief battery of neurocognitive tests. Indices of interest included response accuracy for Trials 1 and 2, and total errors across Trials, as well as response time (RT) for Trials 1 and 2, and total RT for both Trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SIM group produced significantly more errors than the CON group for Trials 1 and 2, and committed more total errors across trials. Significantly longer response latencies were found for the SIM group compared to the CON group for all RT indices examined. Linear regression modeling indicated excellent group classification for all indices studied, with areas under the curve ranging from 0.92 to 0.95. Sensitivity and specificity rates were good for several cut scores across all of the accuracy and RT indices, and sensitivity improved greatly by combining RT cut scores with the more traditional accuracy cut scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings demonstrate the ability of the PASSOM to distinguish individuals instructed to feign cognitive impairment from those told to perform to the best of their ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1326-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acaa126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39120970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping Children and Teens Strengthen Executive Skills to Reach Their Full Potential.","authors":"Peg Dawson","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive skills are brain-based skills that develop across childhood and that take a minimum of 25 years to reach full maturation. They are skills that support goal-directed behavior and although essential to school success, they are typically not explicitly listed in local, state, or national curriculum standards. When the pandemic closed schools in the USA in March 2020, the resulting reliance on remote-learning instruction exposed how much support teachers and in-person learning provide to students with immature executive skills. This paper will describe those supports and will build the case that in the absence of the kind of scaffolding teachers provide for students with weak executives, many students have struggled. Three strategies for strengthening executive skills will be outlined. These include: modifying the environment to make it more supportive and less punishing for students with weak executive skills; explicitly teaching executives by embedding them in daily routines; and offering incentives or motivators to entice students to practice skills which are laborious in their early stages of acquisition. Focusing on strengthening students' executive skills will address the problem of \"learning loss\" that has resulted from the disruption the pandemic has caused.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1279-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39522814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appreciation of Social Norms in Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum.","authors":"Warren S Brown,&nbsp;Karissa A Burnett,&nbsp;Ashley Vaillancourt,&nbsp;Lynn K Paul","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anecdotal reports regarding high-functioning adults with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) suggest that they often lack psychosocial insight. We attempted to determine whether adults with AgCC are able to correctly identify appropriate behaviors within social contexts using the Social Norms Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Social Norms Questionnaire measures knowledge of norms and judgments of what is appropriate to do in particular contexts. It was administered online to individuals with AgCC and control participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with AgCC scored significantly lower in understanding social norms than controls, tending to over-adhere to social norms significantly more than controls. There was no significant difference regarding breaking of social norms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that adults with AgCC have deficient judgment regarding the nuances of appropriate behaviors in social contexts. They adhere to social norms concretely, lacking the ability to integrate context in social scenarios to make appropriately nuanced judgments.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1367-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/arclin/acab003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25377559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Science of Brain Health: State-of-the-Art Perspectives and Clinical Applications.","authors":"John J Randolph,&nbsp;Justin B Miller","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1255-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39520217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Pilot Study of Spaced Retrieval Practice with a Self-Generation Booster to Improve Health-Related Memory in Persons With HIV Disease.","authors":"Steven Paul Woods,&nbsp;Michelle A Babicz,&nbsp;Anastasia Matchanova,&nbsp;Kelli L Sullivan,&nbsp;Gunes Avci,&nbsp;Rodrigo Hasbun,&nbsp;Thomas P Giordano,&nbsp;Pariya Fazeli,&nbsp;Erin E Morgan","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaa130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Spaced retrieval practice (SRP) and self-generation are among the most replicated and effective mnemonic strategies in the cognitive psychology literature, but their benefits have not yet been realized in healthcare settings. This study used a randomized, between-subjects design to examine the hypothesis that SRP with a self-generation booster can improve memory for health-related information among clinically referred persons with HIV (PWH), who often have difficulty acquiring new health knowledge.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A consecutive series of 41 PWH referred to a county-funded urban neuropsychology clinic were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to learn four statements about the treatment of a mock infectious disease in either a massed study control condition (n = 20) or an SRP condition (n = 21) in which they received two distributed free recall training tests supplemented with self-generation for missed items. The primary outcome was participants' free recall of the four treatment statements after a 20-minute delay filled with nonverbal tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PWH participants in the SRP condition were four times more likely than controls to recall at least one treatment statement at the 20-minute delay. SRP was not related to post-test recognition or health-related decision-making performance but was associated with moderately better self-efficacy for decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings from this pilot study show the potential of SRP with a self-generation booster to improve learning and memory for health-related information among PWH in clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1296-1306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25312703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Reference Values, Reliability, and Item-Level Symptom Endorsement for the PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function-Short Forms 4a, 6a and 8a.","authors":"Grant L Iverson,&nbsp;Jacqueline M Marsh,&nbsp;Eric J Connors,&nbsp;Douglas P Terry","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaa128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reliable, valid, and precise measures of perceived cognitive functioning are useful in clinical practice and research. We present normative data, internal consistency statistics, item-level symptom endorsement, and the base rates of symptoms endorsed for the PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function-Short Forms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The four-, six -, and eight-item short form of the PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function scale assess subjective cognitive functioning. We stratified the normative sample from the U.S. general population (n = 1,009; 51.1% women) by gender, education, health status, self-reported history of a depression or anxiety diagnosis, and recent mental health symptoms (i.e., feeling anxious or depressed in the past week) and examined cognitive symptom reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha and ranged from .85 to .95 for all three forms, across all groups. Mann-Whitney U test comparisons showed that individuals with past or present mental health difficulties scored significantly lower (i.e., worse perceived cognitive functioning) on the self-report questionnaires, particularly the eight-item form (history of depression, men: p < .001, Cohen's d = 1.07; women: p < .001, d = .99; history of anxiety, men: p < .001, d = 1.06; women: p < .001, d = .98; and current mental health symptoms, men: p < .001, d = 1.38; women: p < .001, d = 1.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All three short forms of the PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function scale had strong internal consistency reliability, supporting its use as a reliable measure of subjective cognitive functioning. The subgroup differences in perceived cognitive functioning supported the relationship between emotional and cognitive well-being. This study is the first to present normative values and base rates for several community-dwelling subgroups, allowing for precise interpretation of these measures in clinical practice and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"1341-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38826263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}