Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Alexithymia, self-reported external gain expectations, and overreporting on symptom validity tests in hospital patients: further evidence for the relevance of alexithymia.","authors":"Brechje Dandachi-FitzGerald, Sabine Hoes, Rudolf Ponds, Harald Merckelbach","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Symptom overreporting is often considered to be moderated by external incentives, such as financial or legal advantages, although other factors may also play a role. Preliminary studies have suggested a connection between symptom overreporting and alexithymia, that is, trait-like difficulties in recognizing and describing internal sensations. This study aimed to further clarify the relationships among external gain expectations, alexithymia, and symptom overreporting. Specifically, we examined whether alexithymia is related to overreporting in patients without self-reported external gain expectations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a cross-sectional design, patients referred for psychological assessments in a hospital setting completed a questionnaire about external gain expectations (e.g., regarding work, housing, legal issues). We differentiated between those with self-reports of external gain expectations (n = 73) and those without (n = 84). Both subsamples were administered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS), and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the full sample, alexithymia showed a positive and statistically significant association with symptom overreporting on the SIMS and the Infrequent somatic responses scale (Fs) of the MMPI-2-RF: r = 0.44 and r = 0.31, respectively. These positive associations were also evident in the subgroup without self-reported external gain expectations (i.e., r = 0.35, 95% CI [0.14, 0.52] and r = 0.35, 95% CI [0.15, 0.53], respectively). Regression analysis indicated that self-reported external gain expectations did not account for the relationship between symptom overreporting and alexithymia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that alexithymia is associated with symptom overreporting independently of self-reported external gain expectations. More broadly, the results raise the possibility that alexithymic traits may compromise the accuracy of symptom reporting itself. If so, this has implications not only for the interpretation of symptom validity tests, but also for the broader use of self-report measures in clinical assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Can Research Findings be Used in Clinical Neuropsychology? Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Working Memory Intervention for Children.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acag051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project: Robust Age- and Regression-Based Demographic Norms for the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status and Select Neuropsychological Tests in Older Adults.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between subjective cognitive complaints and objective cognitive assessment in severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ezgi Ince-Guliyev, Emine Ilgın Hoşgelen, Emre Bora","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to examine the relationship between subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and objective cognitive performance (OCP) in severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Systematic literature searches were conducted using Web of Science and PubMed, including articles published until September 2025. Studies were included if they assessed both SCC and OCP using validated instruments in individuals diagnosed with SCZ, BD, or MDD and were peer-reviewed English research articles. A series of meta-analyses was conducted using random-effects models to examine the associations between SCC and composite OCP scores, as well as the subdomains of objective cognition. Analyses were repeated for each diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 49 articles with 5,007 participants. Our analyses yielded a small but statistically significant correlation between SCC and global OCP (r = -0.145). Domain-wise associations indicated correlations between SCC and OCPs in processing speed, attention/vigilance, working memory, and verbal learning/memory (correlation coefficients ranged from -0.107 to -0.172). In diagnosis-specific analyses, individuals with SCZ showed significant associations in all domains except executive function. In contrast, the associations were restricted to only a few cognitive domains in other disorders, specifically processing speed and working memory in BD, and processing speed and attention/vigilance in MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although significant, the strength of these associations was small, suggesting that SCC explains only a limited proportion of the variance in OCP. This suggests that while SCC cannot substitute for objective testing, it provides complementary information that reflects patients' experiences of cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological functioning in clinically referred patients with sarcoidosis: a preliminary investigation.","authors":"Rachel Galioto, Jeffrey Lambe, Urja Bhatia, Kaltra Dhima, Eileen Galvani, Tasha Rhoads, Brandon Moss, Lilah Fienberg, Daniel A Culver, Amy Kunchok","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive complaints are common among individuals with sarcoidosis, though little is known about objective cognitive performance in this group. This study examined performance on neuropsychological testing in patients with sarcoidosis who had subjective cognitive complaints, comparing performance between individuals with and without neurologic involvement (i.e., neurosarcoidosis [NS]).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a retrospective, observational study of individuals with sarcoidosis who were referred for neuropsychological evaluation due to cognitive complaints. Mean test performances and rates of impairment on cognitive tests were examined and compared between individuals with NS and systemic sarcoidosis (SS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven individuals with sarcoidosis (n = 14 with NS) were included (Mage = 53.2 ± 10.0 years, Meducation = 14.5 ± 2.4 years, 83.8% White, 67.6% female), of whom 40.5% demonstrated cognitive impairment (CI; 2+ tests impaired). Impairments were most common on tests of verbal memory (24.2% immediate, 33.3% delayed), problem solving (25.8%), and verbal fluency (22.6%). All but one of the individuals with CI in the NS group had intracranial involvement. The main difference observed between NS and SS was worse performance on a measure of auditory attention/working memory, t(35) = -2.24, p = .03.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CI was observed in nearly half of patients with sarcoidosis who had subjective cognitive complaints. Additional research is needed to better understand the potential physiological underpinnings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does performance invalidity undermine replication? Evidence from an undergraduate student participant sample.","authors":"Melanie A Mascarenhas, Konstantine K Zakzanis","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Performance invalidity is well-documented in clinical and forensic neuropsychology, yet its potential influence on data quality in psychological research has received little attention. This raises concerns for reproducibility, particularly given widespread use of undergraduate students as research participants. The present study examined whether incorporating Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) into a research protocol provides a practical method for improving data quality and interpretation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>As part of a larger replication initiative, PVTs were embedded into a direct replication of a 2008 prescribed optimism study. 87 undergraduate students were classified as credible or non-credible based on PVT performance, and analyses were repeated within subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effect replicated successfully across the sample (d = 0.98), consistent with the original study (d = 0.93). 17.2% of participants failed one or more PVTs. The credible subgroup yielded a larger effect (d = 1.02) than the full sample, whereas the non-credible subgroup produced a smaller effect (d = 0.87), and a directional reversal in the secondary analysis - a pattern inconsistent with prior literature and suggestive of systematic noise that disengaged responding may introduce into data. Further, credible and non-credible subgroups differed significantly on the primary outcome despite being demographically and experimentally equivalent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Performance invalidity occurs at a non-trivial rate in undergraduate research samples and can influence study outcomes. Incorporating PVTs into research protocols offers a practical, scalable safeguard to improving data quality and transparency, highlighting how neuropsychology's established tools could contribute solutions to reproducibility challenges in psychological science.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13278769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety-critical odor identification failure and cognitive performance in older U.S. adults: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis.","authors":"Soheil Yazdi","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acag047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction is linked to cognitive decline, but the cognitive significance of failing to identify safety-critical odors is unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 study examined associations between missed smoke/natural gas odors and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Animal Fluency, and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Delayed Recall scores among 1677 adults aged ≥60 years using survey-weighted regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After demographic and clinical adjustment, each additional missed warning odor was associated with lower DSST (β = -4.77; 95% CI: -6.78 to -2.76), Animal Fluency (β = -0.96), and CERAD scores (β = -0.68). The DSST association remained significant after adjustment for general olfactory performance (β = -4.06; p = .022). Among participants missing ≥1 warning odor, 447/511 (87.5%) reported no smell problem.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Safety-critical odor failure may capture cognitive information beyond global olfactory performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive rehabilitation in contemporary neuropsychological practice: an exploratory survey of service delivery, reimbursement, and perceived barriers.","authors":"Saranya S Patel, Jessica M Potvin, Dev Ashish, Sean Hollis, John DeLuca","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Contemporary clinical neuropsychologists primarily provide assessment and consultative services rather than direct intervention. This study examined the extent to which cognitive rehabilitation remains part of contemporary neuropsychological practice and explored reimbursement pathways and perceived barriers to implementation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An anonymous national survey was distributed to members of the National Academy of Neuropsychology through listserv and newsletter announcements. The survey included structured multiple-choice and open-ended questions assessing whether respondents provide cognitive rehabilitation, years of practice, clinical setting, insurance reimbursement patterns, and experiences with insurance denials. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two respondents completed the survey. Eighteen (81.8%) reported currently providing cognitive rehabilitation services. Reimbursed Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes most commonly included 97129/97130 (54.5%) and 96116/96121 (45.5%), with additional endorsement of health and behavior intervention codes (96158/96159) and group therapy codes (97150). Insurance denial experiences were mixed, with most respondents reporting occasional or conditional denials rather than consistent rejection of claims. Respondents also described variability in session limits and billing approaches across practice settings and payer policies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cognitive rehabilitation was reported by a majority of respondents, though service models and reimbursement pathways varied considerably. Given the small, self-selected sample, findings should be interpreted as exploratory rather than representative of broader neuropsychological practice. Larger investigations are needed to clarify training expectations, billing practices, and interdisciplinary collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Short Executive Function Scale: Psychometric properties and normative data in a U.S. population sample.","authors":"Justin E Karr, Tessa R Fagle","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers and clinicians have growing interest in self-report questionnaires of executive functions, aiming to capture a more ecologically valid measurement of this multidimensional construct. This study examined the psychometric properties of the newly developed 15-item self-report Short Executive Function Scale (SEFS), which measures five executive-related abilities: Planning, Inhibition, Working Memory, Shifting, and Emotional Control. The goal of the current study was to replicate the five-factor model and create normative reference data to better interpret SEFS scores. Participants (n = 747; age: M = 47.1, SD = 16.2, range: 18-80; 50.6% female; 62.1% White) were recruited online from the general U.S. population via Prolific and completed the SEFS. The SEFS five-factor model had adequate fit, CFI = 0.913, RMSEA = 0.086 [90% CI: 0.079-0.094]. All scales showed acceptable reliability: Planning (ω = 0.68), Inhibition (ω = 0.74), Working Memory (ω = 0.67), Shifting (ω = 0.75), Emotional Control (ω = 0.78), and the Total Executive Function score (ω = 0.82). SEFS scores were examined in relation to sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity) and positive screens for mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sociodemographic variables had mostly small, non-significant relationships with SEFS scores, whereas group differences based on mental health screens were consistently medium-to-large (d range: 0.50 to 2.13, p < .001). Normative data were calculated based on healthy participants without neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, or neurological conditions. These results provide psychometric support for the SEFS in a general U.S. population sample and offer normative data for interpretation. The SEFS offers a quick and accessible approach to measuring self-reported executive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13256228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148230438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal perception, attentional bias, and moral reasoning in multiple sclerosis: a moderated mediation analysis.","authors":"Laurent Zikos, Antonio Pinti, Stéphane Ranfaing, Arnaud Kwiatkowski, Cécile Donze, Bruno Lenne, Béatrice Degraeve","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the relationships between future time perspective, attentional biases, and moral judgment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) compared to healthy controls, testing a preregistered moderated mediation model derived from Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ninety participants (45 relapsing-remitting pwMS, EDSS ≤4; 45 matched controls) completed neuropsychological assessments, a moral judgment task based on 20 validated dilemmas, two measures of future time perspective (the Future Time Perspective Scale and an implicit word-completion task), and a dot-probe task measuring attentional biases toward positive and negative stimuli. Logistic mixed-effects models and moderated mediation analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>pwMS exhibited a significantly lower probability of utilitarian responses compared to controls (OR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.27, 0.67], p < .001), consistent with a stronger deontological preference. They also displayed a more limited future time perspective on both the explicit scale (p = .038) and the implicit task (p = .049), as well as reduced attentional engagement with negative stimuli (p = .024). In this sample, the associations between future time perspective, attentional biases, and moral judgment did not follow the hypothesized SST-derived pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight novel affective-motivational differences in pwMS, including a reduced future time perspective and diminished attention to negative cues. These results encourage further exploration of the cognitive-affective processes shaping moral reasoning in chronic neurological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}