Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Neuropsychological Service Pathway for School-Age Neonatal Follow Up: a Feasibility Pilot.","authors":"Tricia S Williams, Marin M Taylor, Rivka R Green, Rachael Lyon, Bianca C Bondi, Naddley Désiré","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuropsychological care benefits children with neonatal brain conditions by monitoring brain health and directing supports to optimize learning and psychosocial growth. Conventional assessments often are time and resource intensive; innovative, precise, and efficient assessment models are needed. This study examined 1) feasibility and acceptability of a tiered assessment protocol and 2) preliminary predictive validity of screening measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children aged 4-18 years and their caregivers were referred for neuropsychological evaluation. A tiered protocol was co-designed with family advisors and included 3 steps: 1) invitation to consultation, including psychoeducation; 2) screening measures of cognition, learning, and well-being; and 3) virtual 1:1 consultation with a neuropsychologist/fellow. Collaborative caregiver-clinician discussion led to a) in-person testing, b) deferred assessment, or c) discharge. A portion (22%) of cases were reviewed independently to assess inter-clinician reliability. Caregiver feedback was gathered via survey. Multiple linear regression models assessed relationships between screening measures and 1) consultation outcome, and 2) child full scale intellectual IQ scores (FSIQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 104 families invited to participate, 98 (94%) responded: 9 (9.2%) declined services and 85 (86.7%) completed screening measures and consultation. After consultation, 50 (59%) proceeded to in-person testing, 17 (20%) deferred assessment, and 18 (21%) were discharged. Inter-clinician agreement on consultation outcome was strong (90%). Caregiver feedback reflected protocol feasibility and acceptability; comments described helpfulness of monitoring, and timeliness of process. Screening measures predicted outcomes of consultation and child FSIQ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results illustrate importance of evaluating neuropsychological pathways with precision, efficiency and caregiver-partners in mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological Integration, a Sense of Relationship, and the Self as Unified Experience.","authors":"Brick Johnstone, Erin Smith, Daniel Cohen","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the neuropsychological foundations of the self have been poorly understood to date, a neuropsychological model has recently been proposed that suggests that the self is best conceptualized as a \"unified experience\" that is created when all neuropsychological processes are integrated in the right hemisphere association area to produce a sense of relationship between them (i.e., that they are occurring to the same entity at the same time, place, and context). This model was recently validated by a factor analysis of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale that identified empirically distinct factors for dis-integrated neurological inputs (i.e., sensations) and dis-integrated neurological outputs (i.e., affect, behavior, cognition). However, further validation and expansion of the model are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article reviews and reinterprets previous neuropsychological studies of the self to validate the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Review of this neuropsychological model of the self and supporting research suggest that this integrative neuropsychological process of relationship be conceptualized and assessed in terms of: (a) the specific neuropsychological processes that are integrated (i.e., affect, behavior, cognition, sensations); (b) the quantitative degree of experienced relationship (i.e., high to low); and (c) the center of experience/point of reference from which this integration occurs (i.e., body/brain; external).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is suggested that this model be used to provide a universal framework to explain diverse neurologic, psychiatric, and delusional misidentification disorders of the self, socially based character traits (i.e., experiences of relationship to other individuals), and other selfless experiences (e.g., transcendence, flow states). Clinical and research applications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seizures and Functional Deficits across Mendelian Disorders of Epigenetic Machinery: Differential Effects as a Function of Epigenetic Modifications.","authors":"Rowena Ng","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intellectual disability is common in a large proportion of Mendelian disorders of epigenetic machinery (MDEMs), underscoring the strong association between epigenetic dysregulation with the developmental disorder. However, the epigenetic factors/mechanisms that drive differences in neurodevelopmental presentation and severity remain unclear. This preliminary study aimed to identify neurobehavioral differences across MDEMs involving genes related to chromatin writer, writer/readers (WR), and chromatin remodeler/readers (CRR) in efforts to determine the effect of epigenetic function (chromatin modification) on severity of neurological dysfunction. Simon Searchlight data repository was accessed for this study. We included data from a total of 71 participants with a MDEM, 15 with a disorder involving chromatin writer, 22 of WR, and 34 of CRR. Caregivers provided genetic records to afford molecular confirmation of the MDEM, and completed a Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and a survey regarding diagnostic/seizure history. Results showed that participants with MDEMs of CRR yielded lower adaptive functioning scores across all skill areas relative to the Writer group, with the exception of receptive communication. Higher proportion of the CRR group are nonverbal, cannot ambulate independently, and require emergent seizure treatment (rescue drugs, emergency room admissions) as compared to the Writer group. Those with disorder involving WR did not significantly differ across measures from either groups. Findings highlight severity in neurological dysfunction, including seizure risk, can vary as a function of the disrupted epigenetic machinery. Results underscore the need for systematic research to identify epigenetic processes involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Association with Cognitive Test Performance and Protective Psychological Factors.","authors":"Kaisa Mäki, Taina Nybo, Marja Hietanen, Antti Huovinen, Ivan Marinkovic, Susanna Melkas","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and to explore the associations between SCC, cognitive test performance and protective psychological factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of patients with mTBI (n = 99) or orthopedic injury (OI; n = 34) prospectively recruited and assessed 3 months post-injury. All participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery and completed self-report measures on SCC, psychological resilience, perceived social support, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>27.3% of the patients with mTBI and 17.6% of the OI controls endorsed at least some SCC. The two groups did not differ significantly in their SCC endorsement. Within the mTBI group, patients with and without SCC did not differ significantly in their cognitive test performance in majority of the cognitive domains examined. Patients with SCC reported lower psychological resilience (p = .005) and perceived social support (p = .009) than the non-SCC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides support for the notion that SCC following mTBI are not consistently related to cognitive test performance deficits and further suggests SCC may associate with perceived social support and psychological resilience. These findings highlight the importance of considering psychological factors in the clinical assessment and intervention planning of patients presenting with SCC after mTBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Self-Management, Executive Functioning, and Social Determinants of Health in Young Adults with Pediatric-Onset Disabilities: a Pilot Study.","authors":"Christine L Petranovich, Emma Drenth, Cristina Sarmiento, Ann Lantagne, Sarah Graber, Tess Simpson, Amy K Connery, Andrea Miele, Pamela Wilson, Michael Dichiaro, Susan Apkon, Michael W Kirkwood, Robin L Peterson","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the associations of executive functioning and social determinants of health with medical self-management skills in transition-age adults (TAA) with pediatric-onset disabilities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional pilot study included 47 young adults between the ages of 18-28 and their informants (e.g., parents, partners, siblings). Participants were followed by pediatric rehabilitation clinics for acquired brain injury (ABI = 16), neuromuscular disorders (NMD = 22), or spina bifida (SB = 9). Informants completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions - Adult Version, from which we reported the General Executive Composite. To assess medical self-management, young adult participants completed the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using generalized linear regression with the TRAQ as the dependent measure, better informant-rated executive functioning skills were associated with more favorable ratings of healthcare self-management with a large effect size (β = -0.62, p < .001). With a small effect size, there was also a main effect of participant race and ethnicity (β = 0.27, p = .049). Marginalized identities, specifically identification as of Indigenous and Black races, were associated with poorer ratings of healthcare self-management skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower executive functioning skills and some marginalized identities are linked to poorer healthcare self-management in this sample of TAA with pediatric-onset disabilities. These findings highlight the value of neuropsychologists in identifying cognitive challenges and implementing targeted interventions in the context of social determinants of health.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and Emotional Health in Long COVID: a Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil.","authors":"Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho, Mariana Freitas Prado, Gabriela Galvão Marcelo, Luccas Viveiros, Mariana de Andrade Fernandes, Carlos Eduardo Nórte","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Long COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms following a COVID-19 infection, including cognitive and emotional impairment. Brazil has one of the highest rates of COVID-19 infections globally, but there are still few studies assessing the long-term impact of the disease on mental health in this population. In the present study, we evaluated cognition and emotional symptoms in patients with cognitive complaints after COVID infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cognitive and emotional assessments were performed individually (n = 114) using the Cognitive Screening (TRIACOG) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in participants with long COVID. Of the total subjects, 78% were women, with a mean age of 50.4 ± 16 years. A total of 72.6% received treatment at home, whereas 28% were hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data revealed a high prevalence of cognitive and emotional impairment. Approximately 66.7% exhibited symptoms suggestive of depression, 55.9% anxiety disorder, and 65.7% stress. Notably, executive functions and memory were the most affected cognitive domains. Intriguingly, the time from infection onset to assessment did not appear to influence cognitive performance, suggesting that cognitive impairment associated with COVID-19 may persist as a long-term comorbidity. Furthermore, hospitalization did not affect cognitive or DASS-21 scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of investigating the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on mental health. Assessing emotional and cognitive functions after COVID-19 is crucial for developing therapeutic responses, both on an individual level and from a public health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Symptoms Following Concussion: A Comprehensive Review of Functional Deficits.","authors":"Anthony E Bishay, Natasha C Hughes, Avi N Albert, John E Dugan, Nick De Oliveira, Kristen L Williams, Scott L Zuckerman, Douglas P Terry","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While most concussions present with common symptoms, some patients experience atypical manifestations that challenge diagnosis and management. This review synthesizes studies reporting atypical post-concussive symptoms with individual patient-level data, focusing on functional neurologic disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases (01/2000-08/2023). Inclusion criteria were: (1) study participants with concussion or mild traumatic brain injury, (2) trauma and/or sport-related injury, and (3) atypical symptoms without observable imaging findings. Atypical symptoms were defined as neurological symptoms not fully explained by traditional neuroanatomical or neuropathological correlates. Four independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction included patient demographics, symptom characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatments, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 4725 screened studies, 15 met inclusion criteria (2000-2022). Studies originated from five countries, with 8 (53.3%) from the United States. All studies were case reports (n = 12, 80.0%) or case series (n = 3, 20.0%). The review identified atypical symptoms across five domains: speech disorders (n = 6 studies, primarily new-onset stuttering), psychiatric alterations (n = 4 studies, including dissociative symptoms, Ganser syndrome, and psychotic features), visual changes (n = 1 study), hearing/vestibular disturbances (n = 2 studies), and gait abnormalities (n = 2 studies). Recovery patterns varied widely, ranging from complete resolution within weeks to persistent symptoms over several years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While most patients eventually improved with targeted interventions like speech therapy, psychiatric care, or physical therapy, recovery trajectories varied significantly. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine true incidence rates and establish evidence-based treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Research Findings be Used in Clinical Neuropsychology? Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Working Memory Intervention for Children.","authors":"Sacha Delphine Blause, François Léonard, Sylvie Willems, Ezio Tirelli","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Working memory difficulties are prevalent in children with cognitive disorders, affecting their academic performance and quality of life. To offer optimal care, neuropsychologists rely on evidence-based practice principles, particularly drawing from relevant research data. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for assessing intervention effectiveness, but for these studies to be reliable and clinically applicable, they must meet specific quality standards. This article aims to assess the quality of RCTs published on working memory interventions in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two investigators independently evaluated the quality of a sample of 30 RCTs on the revalidation of working memory in children with the help of the CONSORT SPI grid (completeness of reporting) and the RoB 2 tool (risk of bias).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our sample, only an average of 11.9 out of 45 CONSORT items were fully reported per article. Key elements like intervention descriptions, outcome definitions, and the blinding process were inadequately reported in over 80% of articles. According to the RoB 2 classification, 36 RCTs were deemed high risk for bias, 10 had some concerns, and 1 was rated as low risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analyzed RCTs on cognitive rehabilitation in children reveal considerable transparency issues and high bias risks, limiting their clinical reliability. Researchers need to enhance the quality and clarity of their studies to better support clinical neuropsychologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition-Short Form Forced Choice Trial as an Embedded Performance Validity Indicator.","authors":"Cardinal Do, Alicia L Milam, Jason R Soble, Troy A Webber","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study validated the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition-Short Form Forced Choice Recognition Trial (CVLT-2-SF-FC) against an independent battery of criterion performance validity tests (PVTs).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ninety-eight veterans (mean age = 69.74 years) completed comprehensive outpatient neuropsychological evaluations that included the CVLT-2-SF-FC, Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test, Test of Memory Malingering-Trial 1, and Reliable Digit Span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-Fourth Edition Digit Span subtest. Participants were diagnosed with cognitive impairment based on the comprehensive evaluations. Two criterion group approaches (Single Failure and Two Failure) were used to classify participants into invalid, valid with no neurocognitive disorder (NND), and valid with neurocognitive disorder (ND) groups. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses tested the classification accuracy of the CVLT-2-SF-FC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using both grouping approaches, cut scores of ≤7 or ≤ 8 were associated with adequate specificities (≥0.90) and accuracy for identifying invalid performance in the total sample (AUCs = 0.71-0.81), albeit with modest sensitivities (0.41-0.50). Although the CVLT-2-SF-FC exhibited acceptable accuracy for differentiating between the invalid and NND groups with a cut-score of ≤8 (AUCs = 0.73-0.83), overall accuracy was reduced when differentiating between the invalid and ND groups (AUCs = 0.68-0.79), particularly when using the Single Failure classification (AUC = 0.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings add to the current knowledge of the CVLT-2-SF-FC as an embedded PVT, highlight the need to tailor cut-scores to different clinical groups, and support using this metric alongside other PVTs. Future studies should examine the CVLT-2-SF-FC's utility among larger samples that are more diverse with regards to age, sex, veteran status, and cognitive functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Visuospatial/Visuoconstructional Impairment on Construct Validity of Figure Copy and Recall: A Test of Two Scoring Systems.","authors":"Adrienne A Jankowski, Matthew J Holcomb, Julie A Suhr","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated interrater reliability and construct validity of two scoring systems for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Figure subtests in individuals with mild or major neurocognitive disorder grouped by presence/absence of visuospatial/visuoconstructional (VS/VC) impairment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Older adults (N = 67) with mild or major neurocognitive disorder completed RBANS Form A and other cognitive tests. The manual scoring system and a system adapted from the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure were compared in terms of interrater reliability and relationship to other related tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In those without VS/VC impairment, there were no differences between scoring systems in interrater reliability or relationship of Figure Copy or Figure Recall scores to measures of visuospatial skills or memory, respectively. However, Figure Copy was less reliably scored in those without VS/VC impairment, regardless of the scoring system. In those with VS/VC impairment, the adapted scoring showed stronger relationships to measures of memory and visuospatial skills, and, for Figure Recall, was more reliably scored than the manual scoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Figure Recall may be affected by VS/VC skills, potentially interfering with its validity as a test of visual memory. An adapted scoring system for RBANS Figure subtests may be less confounded by deficits in VS/VC skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}