Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"High Serum miR-361-3p Predicts Early Postdischarge Infections after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Damian Mikulski, Kacper Kościelny, Izabela Dróżdż, Mateusz Nowicki, Małgorzata Misiewicz, Ewelina Perdas, Piotr Strzałka, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Wojciech Fendler","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0021","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is currently the backbone of the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and relapsed and refractory lymphomas. Notably, infections contribute to over 25% of fatalities among AHSCT recipients within the initial 100 days following the procedure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate three selected miRNAs: hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-320c, and hsa-miR-361-3p, in identifying AHSCT recipients at high risk of infectious events up to 100 days post-transplantation after discharge.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study group consisted of 58 patients (43 with MM, 15 with lymphoma) treated with AHSCT. Blood samples were collected from all patients at the same time point: on day +14 after transplantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen patients (25.9%) experienced infectious complications after post-transplant discharge within the initial +100 days post-transplantation. The median time to infection onset was 44 days (interquartile range, 25-78). Four patients required hospitalization due to severe infection. High expression of hsa-miR-361-3p (fold change [FC], 1.79; <i>P</i>=0.0139) in the patients experiencing infectious complications and overexpression of hsa-miR-320c (FC, 2.14; <i>P</i><0.0001) in patients requiring hospitalization were observed. In the multivariate model, both lymphoma diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 6.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-30.56; <i>P</i>=0.0112) and high expression of hsa-miR-361-3p (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.40-6.41; <i>P</i>=0.0047) were independent factors associated with post-discharge infectious complications occurrence. Our model in 10-fold cross-validation preserved its diagnostic potential with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated serum hsa-miR-361-3p emerges as a promising biomarker for identifying patients at risk of infection during the early post-discharge period, potentially offering optimization of the prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents tailored to the specific risk profile of each AHSCT recipient.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"339-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lymphoma and the Risk Factors for the Development of Pneumonia.","authors":"Hanter Hong, Su-Mi Choi, Yeong-Woo Jeon, Tong-Yoon Kim, Seohyun Kim, Tai Joon An, Jeong Uk Lim, Chan Kwon Park","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0046","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although patients with lymphoma appear particularly vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient with lymphoid malignancies has been under-represented, especially in relation to chemo-, chemo-immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Among adult patients with lymphoma receiving treatment in a specialized lymphoma center at a 500-bed, university-affiliated hospital, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 2020 to April 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 117 patients with a median age of 53 years were included. One hundred twelves (95.7%) were non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Eighty-six patients (73.5%) were on active chemotherapy and 9 were post stem cell transplant state. Sixty-one patients had more than one comorbidity and 29 had hypogammaglobulinemia. Thirty-four patients (29.1%) had never received a COVID-19 vaccine. During a median follow-up of 134 days, COVID-19 pneumonia developed in 37 patients (31.6%). Excluding three patients who died before the 30 days, 31 out of 34 patients had ongoing symptomatic COVID-19. Eleven patients (9.4%) had post COVID-19 lung condition that persisted 90 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall mortality was 10.3% (12 of 117), which was higher in patients with pneumonia. In multivariate analyses, age 65 years or older, follicular lymphoma, receiving rituximab maintenance therapy, and lack of vaccination were significantly associated with the development of COVID-19 pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with lymphoma are at high risk for developing pneumonia after SARS-CoV-2 infection and suffer from prolonged symptoms. More aggressive vaccination and protective measures for patients with lymphoma who have impaired humoral response related to rituximab maintenance therapy and hypogammaglobulinemia are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"378-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing <i>Campylobacter</i> AMR Transmission in India: Urgent Policy Call.","authors":"Sheikh Mohd Saleem, Zulfqarul Haq","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0061","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"423-425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Balancing the Risks and Benefits of Immunotherapeutic Agents for Lymphoma during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Chan Mi Lee, Wan Beom Park","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"406-408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Rate Depends on Infectivity of the Virus Strain, Closeness of Contact, and the Immune Competence of the Infected Person.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0073","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"419-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Optimizing Antibiotic Treatment in Gram-negative Bacilli Bacteremia.","authors":"Carles García-Cervera, Francisco Mariano Jover-Díaz, Elisabet Delgado-Sánchez, Coral Martin-González, Rosa Provencio-Arranz, Ana Infante-Urrios, Cristina Dólera-Moreno, Pedro Esteve-Atiénzar, Teresa Martínez Lazcano, Jorge Peris-García, Vicente Giner-Galvañ, Victoria Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Ángel Sánchez-Miralles, Teresa Aznar-Saliente","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0026","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASP) have improved empirical and directed antibiotic treatment in Gram-negative Bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infections. A decrease in mortality, readmission, and length of hospitalization has been reported.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A pre-post-quasi-experimental study was conducted between November and April 2015-2016 (pre-intervention period), 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 (post-intervention periods), to analyse the impact of ASP on empirical, directed, and entire treatment optimization, as well as mortality, readmission, and length of hospitalization, in hospitalized patients with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred seventy-four patients were included (41 in the pre-intervention group, 38 in the first-year post-intervention group, 50 in the second-year post-intervention group, and 45 in the third-year post-intervention group). There was a significant improvement in directed treatment optimization (43.9% in the pre-intervention group, 68.4% in the first-year post-intervention group, 74% in the second-year post-intervention group, and 88.9% in the third-year post-intervention group, <i>P</i> <0.001), as well as in entire treatment optimization (19.5%, 34.2%, 40.0%, and 46.7%, respectively, <i>P</i>=0.013), with increased optimal directed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-8.58) and entire treatment (aOR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.27-8.58). Although a tendency toward improvement was observed in empirical treatment after ASP implementation, it did not reach statistical significance (41.5% <i>vs.</i> 57.9%, <i>P</i>=0.065). No changes in mortality, readmission, or length of hospitalization were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ASP implementation improved both directed and entire treatment optimization in patients with GNB bloodstream infections over time. Nevertheless, no improvement was found in clinical outcomes such as mortality, readmission, or length of hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"351-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Jeong-Hoon Lim, Eunkyung Nam, Yu Jin Seo, Hee-Yeon Jung, Ji-Young Choi, Jang-Hee Cho, Sun-Hee Park, Chan-Duck Kim, Yong-Lim Kim, Sohyun Bae, Soyoon Hwang, Yoonjung Kim, Hyun-Ha Chang, Shin-Woo Kim, Juhwan Jung, Ki Tae Kwon","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0027","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) receiving immunosuppressive therapy are expected to have worse clinical outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, published studies have shown mixed results, depending on adjustment for important confounders such as age, variants, and vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected the data on 7,327 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from two tertiary hospitals with government-designated COVID-19 regional centers. We compared clinical outcomes between SOTRs and non-SOTRs by a propensity score-matched analysis (1:2) based on age, gender, and the date of COVID-19 diagnosis. We also performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust other important confounders such as vaccination status and the Charlson comorbidity index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, SOTRs (n=83) had a significantly higher risk of high-flow nasal cannula use, mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury, and a composite of COVID-19 severity outcomes than non-SOTRs (n=160) (all <i>P</i> <0.05). The National Early Warning Score was significantly higher in SOTRs than in non-SOTRs from day 1 to 7 of hospitalization (<i>P</i> for interaction=0.008 by generalized estimating equation). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SOTRs (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.11) and male gender (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.26-5.45) were associated with worse outcomes, and receiving two to three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79) was associated with better outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hospitalized SOTRs with COVID-19 had a worse prognosis than non-SOTRs. COVID-19 vaccination should be implemented appropriately to prevent severe COVID-19 progression in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Outcomes of HCV Infection in People Living with HIV: A Case Series from a Single Center in Korea.","authors":"Shinwon Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Soon Ok Lee, Sun Hee Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0074","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited information is available on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in Korea.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective case series was conducted of patients with HIV-HCV coinfection who received interferon (IFN)-based or direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for HCV at a tertiary care hospital between 2000 and 2023. Early virological response (EVR) was defined as a 2-log reduction in HCV RNA levels or undetectable HCV RNA levels at treatment week 12. A sustained virologic response (SVR) was defined as undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks after treatment completion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 33 patients with HIV-HCV coinfection, 19 received anti-HCV treatment, of whom 12 received IFN-based treatment and 10 received DAA treatment. The median age at the time of anti-HCV treatment was 49 years (interquartile range, 42-57 years) and 15 patients (79%) were male. Of the 12 patients who received IFN-based anti-HCV treatment, 10 showed EVR and 8 achieved SVR. However, 2 patients who achieved SVR experienced recurrence of HCV infection during follow-up; therefore, the overall success rate of IFN-based treatment was 50% (6/12). All 10 patients (including 3 in whom IFN-based treatment failed) who received DAA treatment (5 with previous anti-HCV treatment and 5 treatment-naïve), achieved SVR and did not experience recurrence of HCV infection during follow-up; therefore, the overall success rate of DAA treatment was 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Korean patients with HIV-HCV coinfection, treatment outcomes were better with DAA treatment than with IFN-based treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"386-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Six-Year Study on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Muthanna, Iraq: Molecular Identification Using ITS1 Gene Sequencing.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0051","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"411-412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for Antibacterial Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections.","authors":"Se Yoon Park, Yae Jee Baek, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Bongyoung Kim, Yong Chan Kim, Jin Gu Yoon, Namwoo Heo, Song Mi Moon, Young Ah Kim, Joon Young Song, Jun Yong Choi, Yoon Soo Park","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0038","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guideline aims to promote the prudent use of antibacterial agents for managing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in clinical practice in Korea. The general section encompasses recommendations for the management of common CRE infections and diagnostics, whereas each specific section is structured with key questions that are focused on antibacterial agents and disease-specific approaches. This guideline covers both currently available and upcoming antibacterial agents in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"308-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}