Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"A Nationwide Investigation on the Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Collected from Patients in Korea.","authors":"Taeuk Kang, Yeon-Joo Choi, Won-Jong Jang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0081","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Korea, data on circulating <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> strains and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles remain limited despite its significance in terms of public health. To date, their antimicrobial susceptibility or related genes are not fully characterized yet. This study aimed to determine the distribution of <i>C. trachomatis</i> genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the presence of antimicrobial susceptibility related genes in Korea from 2016 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total number of 118 clinical <i>C. trachomatis</i> isolates were obtained from 1,011 samples for analysis. We characterized patient demographics and performed <i>ompA</i> genotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on the isolates, determined their <i>in vitro</i> susceptibilities to tetracycline, levofloxacin, azithromycin, and rifampicin, and screened for susceptibility-associated genes in both isolates and clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genotype D/Ep6, which is rarely reported globally, was the predominant strain (82, 69.5%), followed by genotypes F (14, 11.9%), Ja (12, 10.2%), E (9, 7.6%), and J (1, 0.9%) out of 118 <i>C. trachomatis</i> isolates. The MLST revealed eight sequence types (STs), including two novel STs. Of clinically isolated <i>C. trachomatis</i> (n=118), many isolates were susceptible to tetracycline at 125 ng/mL (52, 44.1%), levofloxacin at 250 ng/mL (81, 68.6%), azithromycin at 62.5 ng/mL (50, 42.4%), and rifampicin at 7.81 ng/mL (50, 42.4%). In antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. One isolate was susceptible to both azithromycin at 256 µg/mL and rifampicin at 8 µg/mL. Also, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on <i>rpoB</i> genes and <i>tet(C)</i> gene of <i>C. trachomatis</i> L2/tet9 were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A rarely reported genotype, D/Ep6, was the dominant <i>C. trachomatis</i> variant in Korea during 2016 to 2019. The detection of SNPs and novel <i>rpoB</i> mutations may suggest unique <i>C. trachomatis</i> landscape in Korea. Our findings provide meaningful distribution landscape and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of <i>C. trachomatis</i> in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants and Patterns of Antibiotic Use in Children Under Five in Cambodia: Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data 2010-2022.","authors":"Eunseo Han, Jeongho Suh, Young Hwa Lee, Young June Choe, Yun-Seop Kim, Jun Eun Park","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0118","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is driven by inappropriate antibiotic use. In Cambodia, young children frequently receive antibiotics despite declining rates of common illnesses. We analyzed nationally representative data to describe trends and determinants of antibiotic use for acute respiratory infection (ARI), fever, and diarrhea among under-five children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed a secondary analysis of the Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys from 2010, 2014, and 2021-2022. Caregivers reported whether children (<60 months) experienced ARI, fever, or diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey and whether antibiotics were administered. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates of each illness and the proportion of episodes treated with antibiotics. For fever and diarrhea separately, we fitted multivariable logistic regression models-stratified by survey year-to identify associations between antibiotic receipt and child age, sex, urban <i>vs.</i> rural residence, household wealth quintile, and maternal education, accounting for sampling weights and clustering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2010 and 2021-2022, the two-week prevalence of fever declined from 26.8% to 13.2% (<i>P</i><0.001) and diarrhea from 14.5% to 6.9% (<i>P</i><0.001), yet antibiotic use remained high. In 2021-2022, 53% of fever episodes and 29% of diarrheal episodes were treated with antibiotics. Urban residence was associated with higher odds of antibiotic use for fever (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-3.25) and diarrhea (aOR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.02-5.54) <i>vs.</i> rural residence. In 2010, children in the richest quintile had greater odds of antibiotic use for fever (aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 0.89-4.97) and diarrhea (aOR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.61-7.11) compared to those in the poorest quintile; these disparities persisted, though attenuated, in later surveys.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite substantial declines in childhood illness, antibiotic use among Cambodian children under five remains disproportionately high-especially in urban and wealthier households. Antimicrobial stewardship initiatives should focus on reducing overuse in privileged populations while ensuring equitable access in underserved areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Administration Dosing of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam in Patients with Varying Renal Function for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections via Monte Carlo Simulation.","authors":"Jatapat Hemapanpairoa, Weerayuth Saelim, Dhitiwat Changpradub, Wichai Santimaleeworagun","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0132","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For infections caused by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) alone is inactive because avibactam does not inhibit MBLs. Co-administration with aztreonam can restore activity but requires simultaneous delivery and harmonization of non-aligned renal dose adjustments. Pharmacodynamic (PD) targets for MBL producers may also differ from those for serine β-lactamase producers. This study aimed to define practical CZA plus aztreonam dosing regimens across renal function strata using Monte Carlo simulation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters from infected patients receiving concomitant CZA plus aztreonam were modeled using a one-compartment structure with Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration renal function as the key covariate. Monte Carlo simulations (n=5,000) evaluated concentration-time profiles during the first 24 hours and at steady state across renal strata. Both conventional and stringent PK/PD targets were assessed. Probability of target attainment (PTA) was estimated at clinically relevant minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ceftazidime and aztreonam and threshold concentrations (CT 2.5 and 4 mg/L) for avibactam. Joint PTA was defined as the probability of simultaneous attainment of aztreonam and avibactam targets. A ceftazidime C_min >80 mg/L was applied as a neurotoxicity risk threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across simulations, aztreonam and ceftazidime achieved ≥90% PTA at MIC breakpoints under conventional targets. Avibactam achieved ≥90% PTA only at steady-state CT 2.5 mg/L and failed at 4 mg/L or under stringent targets, reflecting limited avibactam exposure relative to higher PD thresholds. In preserved renal function, q6h regimens provided higher joint PTA than q8h dosing, though neither achieved ≥90% joint PTA under stringent targets. Most regimens in reduced renal function (eGFR ≤90 mL/min) maintained ≥90% joint PTA under conventional targets, while attainment under stringent targets was limited. Neurotoxicity risk (C_min >80 mg/L) remained low across renal strata.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-administration of CZA and aztreonam using renal-adjusted doses provides a practical and effective strategy for MBL-CRE infections. This approach ensures high joint PTA attainment while maintaining a low neurotoxicity risk across all renal function strata.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Health in People Living with HIV: From Pathophysiology to Practical Management.","authors":"Eun-Jeong Joo","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0124","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) continues to rise with the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), long-term complications such as reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis have become increasingly prevalent. PLWH exhibit a higher risk of bone loss and fractures compared to the general population, driven by multiple factors including chronic immune activation, systemic inflammation, and ART-related toxicity. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is known to induce proximal renal tubular dysfunction and hypophosphatemia, contributing to reduced BMD. Tenofovir alafenamide is associated with improved renal and bone safety profiles. Recent data on integrase inhibitor-based or tenofovir-sparing regimens such as dolutegravir/lamivudine and long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine suggest favorable effects on bon health. However, bone loss may still occur following ART initiation, regardless of regimen, and long-term skeletal outcomes remain under investigation. Given the increasing burden of bone disease in aging PLWH, timely assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fracture risk tools such as FRAX is essential. Management strategies should include lifestyle modification, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and pharmacologic interventions including bisphosphonates or denosumab. Optimizing ART selection to minimize bone toxicity is also an important consideration. As PLWH age, bone health must be integrated into comprehensive HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Effectiveness of a Disinfectant Wipe on Healthcare Surfaces: A Multi-Center Study in Five University-Affiliated Hospitals.","authors":"Dukhee Nho, Hye-Sun Chun, Chulmin Park, Raeseok Lee, Sung-Yeon Cho, Jeong Hwa Choi, Jiho Park, Yoonseon Park, Myoung Jin Shin, Eu Suk Kim, Mina Yun, Sun-Kyung Kim, Jiwon Jung, Yong Pil Chong, Dong-Gun Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2026.0014","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2026.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant threat to patient safety, particularly for vulnerable populations such as critically ill patients, the elderly, and individuals with multiple comorbidities. Hospital surfaces often act as reservoirs for pathogens, including multidrug-resistant strains, yet conventional disinfectants frequently lack sustained activity. We evaluated the real-world effectiveness of a novel disinfectant wipe combining low-concentration didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) and organosilane quaternary ammonium compound (Si-QAC) for its immediate and persistent antimicrobial properties across multiple hospitals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A multi-center, paired-design study was conducted at five university-affiliated hospitals between March and April 2025. Eight high-touch surfaces were categorized into dry zones (<i>e.g.</i>, bed rails, nurse station desks) and wet zones (<i>e.g.</i>, ward sinks, toilet lids). We compared the disinfection effectiveness of DDAC+Si-QAC wipes (experimental group) against each hospital's standard disinfection protocol (control group). Microbial samples were collected at baseline and at 1, 6, and 24 hours post-disinfection. Effectiveness was measured by the change in microbial load (Δ colony-forming unit/mL) from baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 640 specimens were analyzed from 160 surfaces. To ensure rigorous analysis, pairs containing \"zero-point\" baseline surfaces were excluded, resulting in 39 pairs (78 surfaces) for final evaluation. The experimental group showed significant reductions from baseline at 1, 6, and 24 hours (<i>P</i><0.001), whereas the control group failed to exhibit significant changes. In comparative analysis, the experimental group demonstrated superior effectiveness over the control group at 1 hour (<i>P</i>=0.041) and 6 hours (<i>P</i>=0.042). Although the difference at 24 hours (<i>P</i>=0.276) was not statistically significant, the experimental group maintained a lower median microbial load. Sub-group analysis revealed that the experimental group's potency was most pronounced in wet zones at 1 hour (<i>P</i>=0.004), where the bioburden was highest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DDAC+Si-QAC wipe provides superior and sustained antimicrobial activity compared to standard hospital protocols, particularly in challenging high-bioburden wet environments. While the statistical advantage diminished at 24 hours, the persistent coating effect of Si-QAC offers a robust alternative to conventional point-in-time disinfection. Integrating these wipes into routine environmental management may help prevent the formation of microbial reservoirs and contribute to reducing HAIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Antagonism in <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> Infection: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Moon-Hyun Chung, Jae-Seung Kang, Jin-Soo Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0082","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> causes scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease), an acute febrile disease. The infection has been effectively treated with antibiotics since chloramphenicol was introduced. However, occasional reports of treatment failures or delayed responses occur in scrub typhus, and their underlying causes remain poorly understood. This narrative review assesses whether antibiotic antagonism between β-lactam and anti-rickettsial antibiotics delays the resolution of scrub typhus. To address this, we reviewed historical changes in antibiotic use, pitfalls in interpreting study results, <i>in vitro</i> antagonism data, and relevant clinical reports. In subtropical regions, doxycycline and ceftriaxone are frequently used concurrently for the empirical treatment of severe acute undifferentiated fever, targeting scrub typhus and typhoid fever. However, an <i>in vitro</i> study demonstrated that cefotaxime reduces the effects of anti-rickettsial antibiotics, including doxycycline, by at least 25%. This potential antibiotic antagonism may delay fever resolution by 1-5 days, a minor difference often difficult to detect in individual patients. Even when detected, it is frequently misinterpreted as antibiotic resistance or attributed to severe disease or atypical clinical manifestations. Furthermore, this phenomenon may contribute to mortality in cases with life-threatening complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Septic Shock Caused by <i>Streptococcus gallolyticus</i> subsp. <i>pasteurianus</i> in an Immunocompetent Infant: Clinical and Diagnostic Implications.","authors":"Gil Lee, Rita Miyoung Yu, Hyun Joo Jung","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0116","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Streptococcus gallolyticus</i> subsp. <i>pasteurianus</i> is a rare pathogen causing bacteremia and meningitis in neonates and infants. We present a case of septic shock with cardiac arrest due to <i>S. gallolyticus</i> subsp. <i>pasteurianus</i> infection in a previously healthy infant and review of the literature. Although <i>S. gallolyticus</i> subsp. <i>pasteurianus</i> infections are typically considered to follow a mild clinical course in infants, this case highlights the potential for aggressive progression even in the absence of comorbidities. Evidence points that infants without apparent perinatal insults or immune dysfunction are susceptible. Therefore, clinical awareness is crucial for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effectiveness and Tolerability of Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Korea: A 3-Year Follow Up Study.","authors":"Jae Eun Seong, Sang Min Ahn, Min Han, Yong Seop Lee, Jung Ah Lee, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Jun Yong Choi, Joon-Sup Yeom, Jung Ho Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0070","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have demonstrated the real-world efficacy and tolerability of dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC). However, data from Asian countries-particularly regarding long-term use-remain limited.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult people living with human immunodeficiency viruses (PLWH) who were treated with DTG/3TC at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Individuals with a 36-month observation period from the initiation of DTG/3TC were included in the study, as well as those who switched to other regimens during follow-up were also analysed. Both treatment-naive individuals and those who switched to DTG/3TC from other regimens were included. Baseline characteristics, DTG/3TC maintenance rates, effectiveness, and changes in metabolic parameters over 36 months were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between July 2020 and April 2024, 305 PLWH received DTG/3TC, of whom 134 had an observation period of 36 months or longer. Most PLWH were male (94.0%), with a median age was 45.5 years. No participant switched from DTG/3TC to other regimens during the 36-month follow-up period. In the treatment-naïve group, HIV RNA levels remained <50 copies/mL from 6 to 36 months after starting DTG/3TC treatment. In the switching group, 99.2% maintained <50 copies/mL at 36 months. Among the treatment-naïve individuals, the CD4+ T cell count increased from a median of 494 cells/μL at baseline to 795 cells/μL at 36 months. During the 36-month follow-up, no significant changes were observed in lipid profiles or body weights in either the treatment-naïve or switching groups, apart from an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the switching group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DTG/3TC demonstrated sustained viral suppression and maintained CD4 count, with no significant adverse effects on lipid profiles or body weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Marketing Surveillance Study of the Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine (SKYVaricella Inj.) in Korean Children.","authors":"Hyunjeong Kim, Kihyun Kim, Hye Young Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0095","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Varicella, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is a highly contagious pediatric infection that can lead to severe complications. SKYVaricella Inj. (SK bioscience Co., Ltd, Incheon, Korea), a live-attenuated varicella vaccine developed by SK bioscience, was approved in Korea in 2018. This post-marketing surveillance study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of SKYVaricella Inj. (SK bioscience Co., Ltd, Korea) in children aged 12 months to 12 years in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study was conducted across 25 sites in Korea from June 4, 2018, to June 3, 2022. A total of 623 subjects were included in the safety analysis. Adverse events (AEs), including those assessed as adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and serious adverse events (SAEs), were monitored for 42 days post-vaccination. Events were further categorized by causality and expectedness based on regulatory definitions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize AE incidence and to explore potential associations with participant characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 623 participants, 263 (42.2%) reported 514 AEs, and 56 (9.0%) experienced ADRs. The most frequently reported ADRs were injection site pain (4.0%), erythema (3.9%), and irritability (3.7%). Two SAEs (0.3%) - bronchitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease - were reported and assessed as unrelated to vaccination. Varicella-like rashes occurred in 10 subjects (1.6%) and were mostly mild or moderate in severity. No unexpected serious adverse drug reactions were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SKYVaricella Inj. (SK bioscience Co., Ltd, Korea) demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in pediatric use in Korea, with most AEs being mild and consistent with expected vaccine-related reactions. Continued pharmacovigilance and larger-scale studies are warranted to further support its long-term public health impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: NDM-producing Multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Korea: A Growing Threat Requiring National Attention.","authors":"Tark Kim, Yong Pil Chong","doi":"10.3947/ic.2026.0020","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2026.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"133-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}