Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Infective Endocarditis in a Previously Healthy Adolescent Caused by <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>: Diagnostic Challenges and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Boram Jang, Young Min Cho, Joowon Lee, Young Hwan Song, Hyoung Woo Chang, Hyunju Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2026.0005","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2026.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infective endocarditis (IE) is uncommon in children, particularly in those without congenital heart disease or indwelling catheters. We describe an adolescent patient without prior history of cardiac disease or previously diagnosed predisposing conditions who developed <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> endocarditis of the native mitral valve. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, the clinical course was complicated by acute mitral regurgitation and heart failure requiring valve replacement. This report highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of pediatric IE in the absence of traditional risk factors and emphasizes the importance of early clinical suspicion, pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy, and timely surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"264-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Risk of Common Vaccine Preventable Diseases among Transplant Recipients in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study (2009-2020).","authors":"Sung Min Lim, Myeongjee Lee, Min Young Kim, Jong Gyun Ahn, Eun Hwa Kim, Seung Min Hahn, Kyong Ihn, Yu Ri Kim, JongHoon Hyun, Su Jin Jeong, Inkyung Jung, Ji-Man Kang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0100","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection remains a leading cause of mortality among transplant recipients. Studies on vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among transplant recipients in Asia are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk of VPD in transplant recipients in Korea.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Individuals who underwent transplantation were retrospectively recruited using data from the Korea National Health Insurance system from 2008 to 2020. We selected four major VPDs-varicella, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), mumps, and pertussis-and evaluated the cumulative incidence rate and standardized incidence ratio (SIR), comparing it to that of the general population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55,363 transplant recipients were included. Among these, 1,503 cases of the four VPDs were identified. Multivariable analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of varicella in children and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Conversely, for IPD, the risk was higher among individuals aged ≥60 years and in solid organ transplantation recipients; however, the difference was not significant. The SIR for varicella was notably higher in adult recipients aged ≥ 20 years (SIR, 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.53-3.06; SIR, 6.02; 95% CI, 4.89-7.33), while for IPD, the SIR for all ages was notably increased at 20.3 (95% CI, 18.72-21.96). For mumps, the SIR was significantly lower at 0.24 (95% CI, 0.19-0.30) across all age groups. Conversely, for pertussis, the SIR was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.32-1.24), but the difference was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore that transplant recipients are still at higher risk of getting VPDs than is the general population, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and vaccination efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 2","pages":"151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Biktarvy^® (bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) in Patients with HIV-1 Infection: Interim Report of a Post-Marketing Surveillance Study in Korea.","authors":"Shin-Woo Kim, Jami Peters, Markus G Lang, Jeong-A Lee, Jinhye Cha, Yeon-Sook Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0140","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the results of the 4^th year surveillance period of a prospective, multicenter, observational, post-marketing surveillance study that evaluates the safety and effectiveness of Biktarvy in routine clinical practice in Korea. A total of 1,157 patients were included in the safety analysis set. Most patients were male (93.3%) and ART experienced (treatment-experienced [89.3%]). Adverse events occurred in 425 patients (36.7%) and of those 63 patients reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs [5.5%]). No serious ADRs were reported. The virological success rate (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) of Biktarvy treatment at last visit was 96.7%.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stepwise Household Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Varicella-Zoster Virus Resulting in Neonatal Varicella.","authors":"Tae-Yang Choi, Yun-Kyung Kim, Youngkyu Shim, Minsoo Shin","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0133","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a rare case of neonatal varicella from sequential household transmission of varicella-zoster virus. A vaccinated sibling developed herpes zoster before delivery, followed by maternal varicella and neonatal infection at 20 days of life. The infant showed generalized vesiculopustular eruptions with mild respiratory symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed infection presumed to be caused by the vaccine strain because the sibling had no history of natural varicella and there were no other exposure sources. Intravenous acyclovir was administered with good response. The patient recovered fully. This case reminds clinicians to consider vaccine-strain transmission in families with a non-immune mother.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Feasibility and Applicability of Pediatric Inpatient Beta Lactam De-Labeling: From Bedside Challenge to Long-Term Follow Up.","authors":"Michal Paret, Rinat Komargodski, Bella London, Hadas Paz, Naama Epstein Rigbi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0077","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beta-lactam allergy (BLA) labels are common in pediatric patients but are often inaccurate, leading to unnecessary use of second-line antibiotics. While direct oral challenge tests (OCTs) are effective for de-labeling, their implementation in inpatient pediatric settings remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and barriers of an inpatient pediatric BLA de-labeling program, from bedside OCT to long-term follow-up and integration into electronic medical records (EMRs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective interventional study in the pediatric ward between 2019 and 2024. Hospitalized children with a documented BLA were screened and eligible patients underwent a 2-step graded OCT. In-house pediatricians completed surveys to assess beliefs and barriers regarding inpatient OCT implementation. Long term follow-up included caregiver surveys and review of hospital and Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) EMRs to evaluate de-labeling documentation and subsequent beta-lactam use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 192 eligible BLA-labeled patients, 32 (16.6%) were recruited, 93.8% carrying an amoxicillin allergy label and the vast majority without other drug allergy labels. All patients had a history of a mild reaction, 100% presented with a benign rash. 30/32 (93.4%) had a negative OCT. Pediatricians faced challenges such as workload pressures, staff shortages and overestimation of severe reaction risks, all serving as barriers for patient recruitment. At follow-up (median 37 months), 35.7% of caregivers reported de-labeling, while EMRs documented higher rates (HMO: 80%; hospital: 70%). Despite successful OCTs, discrepancies between caregiver understanding, physician attitudes, and EMR documentation persisted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While direct OCTs are proved to be effective in de-labeling BLA, significant challenges persist in implementing inpatient de-labeling and ensuring their long-term success. These include low recruitment rates, pediatricians' misconceptions and incomplete integration into EMRs. Addressing these barriers requires targeted education, improved communication, and streamlined processes to improve de-labeling outcomes and support antibiotic stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Insights into Colistin Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> from Southern Thailand.","authors":"Sutanya Thanudaksorn, Arnon Chukamnerd, Sarunyou Chusri, Komwit Surachat, Rattanaruji Pomwised","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0098","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic for treating carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP). The emergence of colistin resistance threatens public health by further limiting therapeutic options. This study aimed to molecularly characterize colistin resistance in 17 CRKP isolates obtained from seven hospitals in lower Southern Thailand between March and August 2019.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution, and whole-genome sequencing was employed to identify acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, mutations associated with colistin resistance, virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and plasmid replicons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All isolates were multidrug-resistant but remained susceptible to amikacin and, in 80% of cases, tigecycline. Multilocus sequence typing revealed 6 distinct sequence types with ST16 predominating. Average nucleotide identity and core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis suggested clonal relatedness. While no <i>mcr</i> gene was detected, mutations were identified in genes implicated in lipid A modification, including <i>mgrB</i>, <i>lpxM</i>, <i>arnB</i>, <i>arnT</i>, and <i>eptA</i>. Several isolates harbored VAGs encoding for yersiniabactin and aerobactin siderophore.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the convergence of resistance and virulence in clonally related CRKP strains, emphasizing the need for continued genomic surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDM-producing Multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Korea: A Growing Threat Requiring National Attention.","authors":"Bongyoung Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0145","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memory of Professor Hee Young Chung, A Pioneer and Visionary of Infectious Diseases in Korea.","authors":"","doi":"10.3947/ic.2026.0004","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2026.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Pneumococcal Eye Infection and Changes in Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Ui Yoon Choi, Soo-Han Choi, Doo Ri Kim, Kil Sung Bae, Areum Shin, Yae-Jean Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0135","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumococcus isolated from eye discharge of pediatric patients. It included 65 patients, stratified by age (<2 years <i>vs.</i> ≥2 years) and date of isolation of pneumococcus (earlier period, 1994-2013 <i>vs.</i> later period, 2014-2024). There were no differences between the age groups in antimicrobial susceptibility. Between the periods, antibiotic susceptibility showed no significant difference for cefotaxime (83.3% <i>vs.</i> 63.8%) and levofloxacin (100% <i>vs.</i> 95.5%), but there was a significant difference for penicillin susceptibility (48.5% <i>vs</i>. 16.7%, <i>P</i>=0.035). The results suggest an increase in non-susceptibility to penicillin in the later period.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"117-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"St. Sebastian and the Epidemic Imagination: Why a Third-Century Martyr Still Matters in the Age of COVID-19.","authors":"Kun Hwang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0150","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"128-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}