Human Metapneumovirus: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Analysis of a Global Respiratory Threat.

IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Sudip Bhattacharya, Samiksha Bhattacharjee, Alok Singh
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Abstract

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen that contributes to acute respiratory infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Since its discovery in 2001, HMPV has become a global health concern, with epidemiological data revealing seasonal peaks and notable genetic diversity. The virus is associated with a wide range of respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma exacerbations, leading to substantial hospitalization rates and healthcare costs. This review examines the epidemiology of HMPV, focusing on pre- and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trends, transmission patterns, and the impact on at-risk populations. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the seasonality of HMPV, with altered patterns of viral circulation and co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Despite its considerable impact, HMPV remains under-recognized and lacks specific antivirals or vaccines, leaving management largely supportive. Advances in molecular diagnostics, including RT-PCR and potential serological methods, offer hope for improved detection and epidemiological tracking. Moreover, research into monoclonal antibodies, antiviral treatments, and vaccines is ongoing, with promising results in preclinical models. Enhanced surveillance systems and integrated approaches to monitor co-circulating viruses are essential for mitigating the burden of HMPV. This review underscores the need for continued research, public health strategies, and global collaboration to address the challenges posed by HMPV, particularly in high-risk populations and regions with limited healthcare infrastructure.

人偏肺病毒:全球呼吸道威胁的综合流行病学分析。
人偏肺病毒(HMPV)是一种重要的呼吸道病原体,可导致急性呼吸道感染,特别是在儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下个体等易感人群中。自2001年发现HMPV以来,它已成为一个全球卫生问题,流行病学数据显示季节性高峰和显著的遗传多样性。该病毒与多种呼吸道疾病有关,包括细支气管炎、肺炎和哮喘加重,导致大量住院率和医疗保健费用。本综述研究了人乳头状病毒的流行病学,重点关注2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)前后的趋势、传播模式以及对高危人群的影响。值得注意的是,COVID-19大流行影响了HMPV的季节性,改变了病毒循环模式,并与其他呼吸道病原体(如呼吸道合胞病毒和流感)合并感染。尽管HMPV具有相当大的影响,但它仍未得到充分认识,并且缺乏特定的抗病毒药物或疫苗,因此管理部门在很大程度上是支持的。分子诊断的进展,包括RT-PCR和潜在的血清学方法,为改进检测和流行病学追踪提供了希望。此外,对单克隆抗体、抗病毒治疗和疫苗的研究正在进行中,在临床前模型中取得了有希望的结果。加强监测系统和监测共循环病毒的综合方法对于减轻人乳头状病毒的负担至关重要。这篇综述强调了继续研究、公共卫生战略和全球合作的必要性,以应对HMPV带来的挑战,特别是在高风险人群和卫生保健基础设施有限的地区。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Infection and Chemotherapy
Infection and Chemotherapy INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
11.90%
发文量
71
审稿时长
22 weeks
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