Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Human Metapneumovirus: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Analysis of a Global Respiratory Threat.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya, Samiksha Bhattacharjee, Alok Singh","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2025.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen that contributes to acute respiratory infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Since its discovery in 2001, HMPV has become a global health concern, with epidemiological data revealing seasonal peaks and notable genetic diversity. The virus is associated with a wide range of respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma exacerbations, leading to substantial hospitalization rates and healthcare costs. This review examines the epidemiology of HMPV, focusing on pre- and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trends, transmission patterns, and the impact on at-risk populations. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the seasonality of HMPV, with altered patterns of viral circulation and co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Despite its considerable impact, HMPV remains under-recognized and lacks specific antivirals or vaccines, leaving management largely supportive. Advances in molecular diagnostics, including RT-PCR and potential serological methods, offer hope for improved detection and epidemiological tracking. Moreover, research into monoclonal antibodies, antiviral treatments, and vaccines is ongoing, with promising results in preclinical models. Enhanced surveillance systems and integrated approaches to monitor co-circulating viruses are essential for mitigating the burden of HMPV. This review underscores the need for continued research, public health strategies, and global collaboration to address the challenges posed by HMPV, particularly in high-risk populations and regions with limited healthcare infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid C-Reactive Protein in Bacterial Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shreya Singh, Kamleshwar Mahto, Amit Kumar, Pramod Kumar, Satish Kumar, Manoj Kumar Prasad","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection leading to increased morbidity and mortality every year due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Previous literatures had shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) procalcitonin outweighs serum procalcitonin to diagnose bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Current meta-analysis aims to find the diagnostic accuracy of serum and CSF C-reactive protein (CRP) to diagnose bacterial meningitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Google databases were searched from 1st January 1980 to 30th June 2022. Observational studies, prospective or retrospective focusing on C-reactive protein as a biomarker for bacterial meningitis in adult patients were searched. The articles related to serum and CSF CRP for diagnosing bacterial meningitis were explored and retrieved separately, by two independent experts from the published studies available in the electronic search engines. The risk of bias and scholarly quality of studies were evaluated by QUADAS-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether 637 articles were recognized, out of which 22 studies selected. CSF CRP has shown better diagnostic value than serum CRP. Pooled sensitivity of CSF CRP was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.94), specificity 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92-0.97), area under the curve (AUC) 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 175 (95% CI, 74-410), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 20 (95% CI, 11.5-34.1) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.11 (95% CI, 0.06-0.21). While, pooled sensitivity of serum CRP was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69-0.88), specificity 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.93), AUC 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86-0.92), DOR 24 (95% CI, 9-62), PLR 6 (95% CI, 2.9-10.7) and NLR 0.23 (95% CI, 0.15-0.37). Heterogeneity was higher for serum CRP than CSF CRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis shows that CSF CRP had higher pooled sensitivity, specificity and PLR along with higher AUC and DOR for confirming bacterial meningitis in adults than serum CRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Management of Pediatric Patients with Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia Using a Clinical Care Pathway in Egypt.","authors":"Reham Abdelaziz Khedr, Ebtehal Ali, Hadir Ahmed El-Mahallawy, Nashwa Ezz Eldeen","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2025.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Criteria for home management of low-risk febrile neutropenia remain challenging in supportive care. Careful selection of low-risk febrile neutropenic pediatric patients can improve outcomes and decrease complications. In the current study, we implemented a clinical pathway for pediatric patients presenting to the emergency room department with low-risk febrile neutropenia by using strict inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a prospective study from December 2021 to September 2022; all patients presented to the emergency room department were screened for pathway evaluation, and risk stratification was performed using a strict checklist. Patients were included if they met the low-risk criteria. Thorough clinical and laboratory assessments were performed on these patients. All patients started oral antibiotics and were instructed about alarming signs. Patients were followed up at the outpatient clinic on days 3 and 7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and three patients with 200 episodes of low-risk febrile neutropenia were enrolled; one hundred and ten were males, and 90 were females; underlying hematological malignancies accounted for 54.0%. On day three, 181 patients out of 200 were afebrile for 24 hours (90.0%), and 47.5% were still neutropenic. At day seven, all study patients were afebrile, had recovering counts, and stopped antibiotics regardless of the count. Absolute neutrophil count recovery on day seven was achieved in 95.5% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our inclusion criteria for patients with low-risk febrile neutropenia proved to be safe without deaths or intensive care unit admission and successful with the lowest admission rate, so it can be used for a stewardship program to avoid unnecessary patient admissions and help healthcare givers to optimize patient allocation and follow-up safely.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Previously SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals after Receiving a Single Dose of CoronaVac or ChAdOx-1 Vaccine.","authors":"Witida Laopajon, Athavudh Deesomchok, Warawut Chaiwong, Nuchjira Takheaw, Supansa Pata, Pilaiporn Duangjit, Juthamas Inchai, Chaicharn Pothirat, Chaiwat Bumroongkit, Theerakorn Theerakittikul, Atikun Limsukon, Pattraporn Tajarernmuang, Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Kantinan Chuensirikulchai, Passaworn Cheyasawan, Chalerm Liwsrisakun, Watchara Kasinrerk","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) could induce natural immunity, previously infected individuals were suggested to have additional vaccination to enhance immune responses against the new variants of concern (VOCs). In this study, we determined the effects of a single dose of inactivated vaccine and viral vector-based vaccine on the neutralizing antibody (NAb) and T cell responses against the wild type (WT) and VOCs in the post-infection individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The levels of NAb and specific T cell responses against the WT and VOCs of the previously infected individuals were determined before and after vaccination with a single dose of CoronaVac (CoVac) or ChAdOx-1 (ChAd) vaccine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen subjects, with nine participants in each vaccination group, were recruited in this study. The CoVac group was significantly older (53.3±12.8 <i>vs.</i> 34.4±14.0 years, <i>P</i>=0.009) and had shorter disease-vaccination time (111.0 <i>vs.</i> 186.0 days, <i>P</i> <0.001) than the ChAd group. Before vaccination, both groups had median NAb against WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants, but not Omicron BA.4 and.5 variants, above the detection threshold. After vaccination, the NAbs and the CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against the tested variants were demonstrated. However, the NAb in the CoVac arm was lower than in the ChAd arm. In contrast, the CoVac vaccine-induced T-cell responses are better than the ChAd vaccine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, ChAd vaccination induced a better antibody response, but the CoVac vaccine induced greater T-cell responses. Vaccination is valuable in boosting immunity, particularly against some VOCs, in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trials Registry: This study was approved by the Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20210822002.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Out-of-Pocket Costs of Nirsevimab <i>vs.</i> Palivizumab during the First Respiratory Syncytial Virus Season: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Ki Wook Yun, Dayun Kang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2025.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a significant health burden in infants, with limited prevention options. Palivizumab, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) currently used for high-risk infants, requires a five-dose regimen, costing caregivers 47,260-642,000 Korean won (KRW) under the health insurance system, depending on the remaining season and infant's weight. Nirsevimab, the first approved long-acting RSV mAb, offers season-long protection with a single dose and costs 435,000-600,000 KRW. Direct cost comparisons indicate that nirsevimab might be more economical for infants born between April and November. Policy adjustments are needed to ensure equitable RSV protection through national immunization programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Viral Load Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Dili, Timor Leste.","authors":"Eva Engracia S Tilman, Elisa Damas, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing globally and regionally. Despite Timor Leste is still considered as low prevalence country with less than 0.2%, it is believed that the number of people living with HIV (PLWH) are slowly on the rise. Viral load subsequently has been introduced to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART), to monitor viral suppression and to detect treatment failure even in low middle income countries. There have been limited studies on the prevalence and associated factors of viral load non-suppression among PLWH in Timor-Leste. This study investigated the prevalence of viral load non-suppression among PLWH on ART and its associated factors among PLWH attending in a national hospital in Dili, Tomor-Leste.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective case control study was performed with all PLWH above >17 years who visited to a national hospital in Timor Leste between 2022-2023. The multiple logistic regression analysis was performed identify independent factors associated with viral load non-suppression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 212 subject was enrolled for this study with the mean age of 35 years old. The proportion of age group between 17-50 and ≥51 were 88% and 12%, respectively. Majority of the subject was male (72%). A total of 94 subjects (44%) had at least one episode of viral load non-suppression (>1,000 copies/mL) during study period. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed the significant factors associated with viral load non-suppression were (1) the low middle income (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.403, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.222-9.478, <i>P</i>=0.019), (2) the CD4+ cell counts <500 cells/mm³ (aOR, 11.622, 95% CI, 5.811-23.244, <i>P</i><0.001), and (3) the opportunistic infection such as pulmonary tuberculosis (aOR, 2.382, 95% CI, 1.200-4.731, <i>P</i>=0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study that evaluated the prevalence of and risk factors for viral load non-suppression in Timor Leste. Low middle income status, low CD4+ cell counts and opportunistic infections were factors associated with unsuppressed viral load in this region. Regular follow-up, support and counselling for improving adherence should be encouraged to enhance viral load suppression for those PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk among People Living with HIV in Ghana.","authors":"Sylvester Chinbuah, Ebenezer Kofi Mensah, Sylvester Onumah, Frank Abban, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease is a growing concern among people living with HIV (PLHIV) due to various risk factors and the long-term effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular risk among PLHIV in the Western Region of Ghana in 2022.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to estimate cardiovascular risk among PLHIV in Ghana's Western Region in 2022. Data from medical records was collected from an urban and a rural hospital. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was used to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, correlation between lab-based FRS and body mass index (BMI)-based FRS, health characteristics by settlement type and factors associated with High FRS were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 322 PLHIV was enrolled for this study, with a majority being female (76.1%) and aged 36-45 years (37%). Prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (28%), hypertension (26.3%), and diabetes (19.3%), while obesity (7.5%) and smoking (2.2%) were less prevalent. The lab-based FRS categorized 5.9% of participants as having a high cardiovascular risk. In comparison, the BMI-based FRS classified 12.1% in the high-risk category. There was a significant correlation between the lab-based FRS and BMI-based FRS. Employment status and religion were significant factors associated with cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases is a growing concern among PLHIV due to various risk factors and the long-term effects of HIV and ART. The findings of this study could contribute to improve cardiovascular health outcomes in PLHIV and provide a model for addressing comorbidities in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Abscesses by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: Cases to Raise Awareness.","authors":"Ka Eun Kim, Hyeon Jae Jo, Chang Kyung Kang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of the Delta and Omicron Variants of COVID-19 Clusters in a Long-term Care Hospital, Seoul, Korea: Focusing on Outbreak Epidemiology, Incidence, Fatality, and Vaccination.","authors":"Geum-Hee Oh, Jeong Mi Park, Philip Kofie, Moo-Sik Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0128","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, an RNA virus, exhibits variations in transmission power, severity rate, and vaccine effectiveness due to its mutable nature. We investigated the field epidemiological characteristics of the delta and omicron variants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clusters in a long-term care hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the incidence, fatality, and vaccination effectiveness of confirmed COVID-19 cases caused by delta and omicron variants. The investigation focused on patients admitted to two long-term care hospitals in a Seoul autonomous district, comparing and analyzing relevant factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the COVID-19 cases, 101 (34.3%) exhibited delta variants, while 193 (65.4%) showcased omicron variants. The incidence rate of omicron variants, compared to delta variants, was 2.24 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-3.00). This elevation was particularly notable in women across all age groups, patients, workers, and individuals with a history of three or more vaccinations. Deaths were reported in 13 cases (52.0%) with the delta variant and 12 cases (48.0%) with the omicron variant. The fatality rate of the omicron variant, in comparison to the delta variant, was 0.09 times (95% CI, 0.44-2.26), indicating no significant difference. No discernible variations in variables were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The noteworthy surge in outbreaks among female patients, workers engaged in outdoor activities, and the apparent ineffectiveness of vaccination against omicron mutations underscore the need for careful consideration in formulating quarantine measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"148-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linezolid-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in a Tertiary Hospital: Molecular Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes.","authors":"Svetlana Rachina, Vladimir Gostev, Vyacheslav Pleshkov, Olga Karpova, Svetlana Topolyanskaya, Georgy Melkonyan, Marina Gladkikh, Khadizhat Zainalabidova, Polina Chulkova, Sergey Sidorenko","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0111","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report linezolid-resistant coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (LRCoNS) bacteremia at a tertiary hospital. LRCoNS with linezolid and tedizolid minimum inhibitory concentrations of >32 and 4-32 mg/L, respectively, were isolated from blood cultures of seven elderly patients who died post-bacteremia detection. Linezolid was administered to six of these patients at the time of LRCoNS isolation. Linezolid-resistant <i>S. epidermidis</i> ST5 isolates (LRSE) harboring <i>mec</i>A were isolated in seven of the nine episodes. Linezolid resistance is associated with mutations in the 23S rRNA, L3 and L4 ribosomal proteins, indigenous methyltransferases RlmN, and the presence of the <i>cfr</i> gene. All LRSE-ST5 genomes formed a single phylogenetic cluster.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}