Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Reply: Response to Skin Abscesses by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: Cases to Raise Awareness.","authors":"Ka Eun Kim, Hyeon Jae Jo, Chang Kyung Kang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0044","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"442-443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to A Review of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Associated Ethical Concerns.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0113","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"434-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Touch Me Not! Exploring the Devastating Stigma on People Living with HIV.","authors":"Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0057","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"446-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between a Single-time Measurement of Fatty Liver Index and Occurrence of Sepsis among Individuals without Excessive Alcohol Consumption.","authors":"Dayeong Kim, Sang Hoon Han, Eun Hwa Lee, Hye Seong, Kyu-Na Lee, Yebin Park, Kyung-Do Han","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0050","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing worldwide, and sepsis remains a major global health challenge owing to its high mortality. Given the lack of specific therapeutic agents for sepsis, identifying high-risk populations and implementing preventive measures are critical. This study aimed to investigate the association between a single-time fatty liver index (FLI) measurement and the long-term risk of sepsis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The cohort included participants from the 2009 Korean National Health Screening Program with no excessive alcohol consumption or acute or chronic liver diseases. The FLI was calculated at baseline and categorized into three groups: low (<30), moderate (30-60), and high (>60). The subjects were followed-up for up to 10 years until sepsis diagnosis or death. Patients with sepsis identified during the washout and one-year lag periods were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,222,171 participants, 64,226 (2.0%) developed sepsis during the follow-up period. The incidence rates per 1,000 person-years in the low-, moderate-, and high-FLI groups were 1.68, 2.52, and 2.58, respectively. In the multivariable Cox regression model, the high-FLI group had a significantly increased risk of sepsis, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.49-1.55) compared with the low-FLI group. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a J-shaped nonlinear relationship between FLI and sepsis with increased sepsis risk above an FLI of 23.6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This large-scale, long-term observational study demonstrated a significant association between single-time FLI measurement and sepsis risk, highlighting the potential role of FLI in early risk stratification and the prevention of sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"389-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Isolates from a Multicenter Study in Korea.","authors":"Tark Kim, Yoon-Kyoung Hong, Sunghee Park, Jongtak Jung, Oh-Hyun Cho, Hee Bong Shin, Tae Youn Choi, Young Jin Choi, Mi-Na Kim, Yong Pil Chong","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0032","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to concern that carbapenemase-producing strains among carbapenem-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (CRPA) isolates is on the rise, we investigated the genetic epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical CRPA isolates collected in four academic hospitals in Korea. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 46 of 63 CRPA isolates (73.0%) collected between 2021 and 2024, and <i>bla</i>_NDM ST773 was the most common genotype (27 isolates, 42.9%), followed by <i>bla</i>_NDM ST644 (9 isolates, 14.3%) and <i>bla</i>_IMP ST235 (7 isolates, 11.1%). Overall susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam was only 17.5%, and none of the carbapenemase-producing isolates were susceptible to it. All ST644 strains were also resistant to aztreonam.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"418-423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Skin Abscesses by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: Cases to Raise Awareness.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0037","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"440-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission in Children with Human Metapneumovirus Infections.","authors":"Yoonsun Yoon, Esther Park, Joon-Sik Choi, Soon Young Hwang, Sohee Son, Joonbum Cho, Yae-Jean Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0034","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) frequently causes respiratory tract infections in children. Although hMPV infections are usually mild and self-limited, they may cause significant morbidity and mortality. However, data on pediatric hospitalizations due to hMPV infection are limited.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients aged 18 or younger hospitalized due to hMPV infection at a tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 266 pediatric patients were admitted for hMPV infection. The incidence of hospitalizations due to hMPV infections was 6.4 per 1,000 hospitalized children, and the incidence of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions due to hMPV was 4.1 per 1,000 PICU-admitted children. The median age was 2.2 years (42 days-18.5 years), with 125 patients (47.0%) younger than two years old. Twenty-eight patients (10.5%) were treated in the PICU, and five of them (17.9%) died. The proportion of patients with underlying diseases was higher in the PICU group than in the general ward group (85.7% <i>vs.</i> 63.4%, <i>P</i>=0.02). The proportions of cardiologic diseases (21.4% <i>vs.</i> 8.8%, <i>P</i>=0.048) and genetic diseases (35.7% <i>vs.</i> 5.5%, <i>P</i><0.001) were higher in the PICU group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hMPV can cause severe infections that lead to PICU admission, particularly in patients with underlying conditions and fatal outcomes. Further data on hMPV infection in children admitted to the PICU and the overall disease burden in society are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"358-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Economic Outcomes Associated with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> in Patients Admitted to a Referral Center in Lima, Peru.","authors":"Annel Rojas-Alvarado, Karim Dioses-Diaz, Roxana Sandoval-Ahumada, Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0022","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0022","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 150 million people annually, with increased incidence among individuals over 60 years of age. Complicated UTIs (cUTIs), frequently caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens such as &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, present therapeutic challenges due to host factors and anatomical abnormalities. Carbapenem-resistant &lt;i&gt;Enterobacterales&lt;/i&gt; (CRE) infections are of particular concern as they are associated with higher mortality and healthcare costs. This study aimed to compare the clinical and economic outcomes of cUTIs caused by CRE and carbapenem-susceptible &lt;i&gt;Enterobacterales&lt;/i&gt; (CSE) at a referral hospital in Lima, Peru.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective cohort study included 200 patients with cUTI admitted to the emergency department. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with CRE-cUTI and those with CSE-cUTI. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographics, comorbidities, antimicrobial treatments, and clinical outcomes, with a primary focus on the 30-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and generalized linear models were used to assess mortality risk factors. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The final multivariate model was adjusted for three variables selected based on epidemiological relevance: carbapenem resistance, septic shock on admission, and Charlson comorbidity index. Hospitalization costs were calculated based on the hospital's fee schedule, whereas antibiotic costs were estimated by multiplying the unit cost of each antimicrobial by the total number of vials used for cUTI treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-one patients with CRE-cUTI and 179 with CSE-cUTI were enrolled. Third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were the most frequently used empirical antibiotics. Inappropriate empirical therapy was higher in the CRE group (76.2% &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 51.4%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.031). Among the CRE isolates, &lt;i&gt;bla&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NDM&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;i&gt;bla&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;KPC&lt;/sub&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;bla&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;OXA-48&lt;/sub&gt; were identified. The targeted therapies included amikacin and colistin. The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the CRE group than in the CSE group (38.1% &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 11.7%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that an increased Charlson comorbidity index (aRR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001), septic shock on admission (aRR 3.57, 95% CI, 1.85-6.88; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001), and CRE infection (aRR 2.19, 95% CI, 1.16-4.16; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.015) were significant predictors of mortality. Hospital stay costs were also higher in the CRE group ($4691.6 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; $2920.9; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.032).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with cUTI caused by CRE experienced significantly higher 30-day mortality and hospital costs than those with cUTI caused by CSE. Effective prevention and management strategies a","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"340-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumococcal Vaccination in Korean Adults: 2025 Recommendations by the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Joon Young Song, Ki Tae Kwon, Wan Beom Park, Ji Yun Noh, Sun Hee Park, Eun Ju Choo, Min Joo Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Jung Yeon Heo, Won Suk Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0042","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) was approved by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in October 2024. Despite the ongoing national immunization programs that include pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for children and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for adults, the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia remains high among the elderly and high-risk adults. Serotypes 3 and 19A, both included in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), continue to be the most prevalent serotypes, and infections caused by non-PCV13 serotypes have increased. Given the need to broaden serotype coverage and simplify vaccination strategies, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases recommends either a single dose of PCV20 or sequential vaccination with 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by PPSV23 for adults aged 65 years and older, and for high-risk adults aged 19-64 years. These recommendations are based on immunogenicity, safety, and cost-effectiveness data from recent clinical trials. Vaccine selection, dosing intervals, and schedules should be determined according to individual underlying medical conditions and previous vaccination history to optimize protection against pneumococcal disease in the adult population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"335-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Burden of Pediatric Influenza A and B in Malaysia: Outcomes and Resource Utilization in A Tropical Setting.","authors":"Vishnu Arvindran Chandra Mohan, Chuin-Hen Liew, Kah Kee Tan, Naveen Nair Gangadaran, Pon Ling Lau, Syaniza Shaharudin, Yasothai Chandran, Asuwani Maran, Farah Nuruliayana A Nazri, Hui Yi Lim, Xiang Lin Cheng, Muhammad Ihsan Roslan, Joanne Pereira, Nur Ainaa Najwa Razali, Marlindawati Mohd Ali, David Chun-Ern Ng","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0069","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Influenza is a leading cause of pediatric respiratory illness globally, yet comparative data on influenza A and B in tropical regions remain scarce. This study aimed to compare clinical features, healthcare utilization, and outcomes in children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza A and B.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged ≤12 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza at a tertiary referral centre from May 2022 to December 2023. Influenza diagnosis was established using antigen-based detection via direct fluorescent antibody testing. Demographics, clinical features, laboratory results, interventions received, and patient outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 177 hospitalized children, 116 (65.5%) had influenza A and 61 (34.5%) had influenza B. Seizures were significantly more common in influenza A (27.6% <i>vs.</i> 3.3%, <i>P</i><0.001). Influenza B was associated with higher rates of diarrhea (31.1% <i>vs.</i> 14.7%, <i>P</i>=0.010) and signs of respiratory distress (tachypnea: 42.6% <i>vs.</i> 26.7%, <i>P</i>=0.031; chest recessions: 41.0% <i>vs.</i> 25.0%, <i>P</i>=0.028; adventitious breath sounds: 45.9% <i>vs.</i> 29.3%, <i>P</i>=0.028). Children with influenza B more frequently required non-invasive ventilation (13.1% <i>vs.</i> 3.4%, <i>P</i>=0.015), and intravenous fluids (70.5% <i>vs.</i> 55.2%, <i>P</i>=0.048). Median hospital stay was longer in influenza B (3 <i>vs.</i> 2 days, <i>P</i>=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Influenza A was more frequently associated with neurologic manifestations, whereas influenza B showed a higher prevalence of lower respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and required greater supportive care. These findings highlight the distinct clinical profiles of influenza A and B and their implications for healthcare resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"402-411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}