Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Jeong-Hoon Lim, Eunkyung Nam, Yu Jin Seo, Hee-Yeon Jung, Ji-Young Choi, Jang-Hee Cho, Sun-Hee Park, Chan-Duck Kim, Yong-Lim Kim, Sohyun Bae, Soyoon Hwang, Yoonjung Kim, Hyun-Ha Chang, Shin-Woo Kim, Juhwan Jung, Ki Tae Kwon","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0027","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) receiving immunosuppressive therapy are expected to have worse clinical outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, published studies have shown mixed results, depending on adjustment for important confounders such as age, variants, and vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected the data on 7,327 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from two tertiary hospitals with government-designated COVID-19 regional centers. We compared clinical outcomes between SOTRs and non-SOTRs by a propensity score-matched analysis (1:2) based on age, gender, and the date of COVID-19 diagnosis. We also performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust other important confounders such as vaccination status and the Charlson comorbidity index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, SOTRs (n=83) had a significantly higher risk of high-flow nasal cannula use, mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury, and a composite of COVID-19 severity outcomes than non-SOTRs (n=160) (all <i>P</i> <0.05). The National Early Warning Score was significantly higher in SOTRs than in non-SOTRs from day 1 to 7 of hospitalization (<i>P</i> for interaction=0.008 by generalized estimating equation). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SOTRs (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.11) and male gender (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.26-5.45) were associated with worse outcomes, and receiving two to three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79) was associated with better outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hospitalized SOTRs with COVID-19 had a worse prognosis than non-SOTRs. COVID-19 vaccination should be implemented appropriately to prevent severe COVID-19 progression in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Outcomes of HCV Infection in People Living with HIV: A Case Series from a Single Center in Korea.","authors":"Shinwon Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Soon Ok Lee, Sun Hee Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0074","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited information is available on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in Korea.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective case series was conducted of patients with HIV-HCV coinfection who received interferon (IFN)-based or direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for HCV at a tertiary care hospital between 2000 and 2023. Early virological response (EVR) was defined as a 2-log reduction in HCV RNA levels or undetectable HCV RNA levels at treatment week 12. A sustained virologic response (SVR) was defined as undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks after treatment completion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 33 patients with HIV-HCV coinfection, 19 received anti-HCV treatment, of whom 12 received IFN-based treatment and 10 received DAA treatment. The median age at the time of anti-HCV treatment was 49 years (interquartile range, 42-57 years) and 15 patients (79%) were male. Of the 12 patients who received IFN-based anti-HCV treatment, 10 showed EVR and 8 achieved SVR. However, 2 patients who achieved SVR experienced recurrence of HCV infection during follow-up; therefore, the overall success rate of IFN-based treatment was 50% (6/12). All 10 patients (including 3 in whom IFN-based treatment failed) who received DAA treatment (5 with previous anti-HCV treatment and 5 treatment-naïve), achieved SVR and did not experience recurrence of HCV infection during follow-up; therefore, the overall success rate of DAA treatment was 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Korean patients with HIV-HCV coinfection, treatment outcomes were better with DAA treatment than with IFN-based treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"386-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Six-Year Study on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Muthanna, Iraq: Molecular Identification Using ITS1 Gene Sequencing.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0051","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"411-412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for Antibacterial Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections.","authors":"Se Yoon Park, Yae Jee Baek, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Bongyoung Kim, Yong Chan Kim, Jin Gu Yoon, Namwoo Heo, Song Mi Moon, Young Ah Kim, Joon Young Song, Jun Yong Choi, Yoon Soo Park","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0038","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guideline aims to promote the prudent use of antibacterial agents for managing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in clinical practice in Korea. The general section encompasses recommendations for the management of common CRE infections and diagnostics, whereas each specific section is structured with key questions that are focused on antibacterial agents and disease-specific approaches. This guideline covers both currently available and upcoming antibacterial agents in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"308-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Women Living with HIV in Korea.","authors":"Sang Min Ahn, Yong Seop Lee, Min Han, Jung Ah Lee, Jae Eun Seong, Yae Jee Baek, JongHoon Hyun, Jung Ho Kim, Jin Young Ahn, Dong Hyun Oh, Su Jin Jeong, Ji Hyeon Baek, Nam Su Ku, Hee Kyoung Choi, Yoonseon Park, BumSik Chin, Young Keun Kim, Joon Sup Yeom, Young Hwa Choi, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0057","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While Korea maintains a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the number of newly diagnosed cases has been steadily rising, reaching approximately 1,000 annually in recent years. The 2022 annual report from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency revealed that women living with HIV (WLWH) constitute 6.4% of the total confirmed people living with the HIV population, totaling 1,219 individuals. Despite this, only a few studies have focused on WLWH in Korea. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of WLWH in Korea.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data by reviewing the medical records of all WLWH who visited 10 urban referral hospitals across Korea between January 2005 and May 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 443 WLWH were enrolled in this study. The predominant risk exposure was heterosexual contact, with 235 (53%) participants either married or cohabiting with a male partner at their initial clinic visit. Among the participants, 334 (77.7%) were Korean, 27 (6.1%) were Southeast Asian, and 19 (4.3%) were African. Antiretroviral therapy was initiated by 404 WLWH (91.2%). We observed 118 pregnancies in WLWH following their HIV diagnosis, resulting in 78 live births (66.1%), 18 induced abortions (15.2%), 10 pre-viable fetal losses (8.5%), and four stillbirths (3.4%). Over a cumulative follow-up duration of 3,202.1 years, the incidence rates of breast and cervical cancers were both 2.18 per 1,000 person-years. Additionally, the incidence rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (above grade II), and osteoporosis were 4.67, 11.21, and 13.39 per 1,000 patient-years, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first multicenter study to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of WLWH in Korea. The incidence and prevalence of diseases in women, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and chronic comorbidities, are high in WLWH in Korea; therefore, further research and efforts are needed to manage these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"369-377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Bioterrorism by North Korea and South Korea's Preparedness.","authors":"Kun Hwang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0068","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the elements and infection mechanisms of bioterrorism, assess North Korea's capability for biological warfare, and propose strategies for South Korea to counter potential bioterrorist threats from the North. The four critical elements of bioterrorism include the biological agent, the weaponization of the agent, the delivery system, and the impact of weather conditions on the attack. The infection routes for biological agents in bioterrorism include inhalation, ingestion, dermal exposure, and injection. The potential agents under development could include anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin, which might be deployed using missiles, artillery shells, or through covert operations. Proximity to North Korea significantly increases vulnerability to biological attacks. Possible methods include contaminating water supplies, food sources, or densely populated areas. Anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin could theoretically be delivered using packages attached to balloons. Minimizing the impact of a bioterrorism event requires strategy that includes four key actions: detection, decision-making, distribution, and dispensation. By integrating these steps, authorities can effectively manage and mitigate the effects of a bioterrorism event. Civilian doctors play a role in the early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and management of biological agents. Educating medical professionals is crucial for preparing against potential biological warfare or bioterrorism threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"300-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiretroviral Therapy during Long-term Surgical Care: 'Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics' of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference in 2023.","authors":"Jung Ho Kim, Jae Eun Seong, Sangmin Ahn, Yongseop Lee, Jung Ah Lee, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Joon-Sup Yeom, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0052","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), the average lifespan of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing, as is the number of older adults with HIV. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV who undergo surgery or require critical care for various reasons is increasing. Since the prognosis of people with HIV depends on the continuous and effective maintenance of ART, there is a need to consider effectively maintaining ART in people with HIV in these conditions. This case involved a 55-year-old patient with well-controlled HIV who received ART and presented to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with extensive bowel infarction and panperitonitis and received critical care in the intensive care unit, including mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy. The patient was administered enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. The patient subsequently underwent extensive small bowel resection and developed short bowel syndrome. The patient maintained ART during that period. A literature review related to the use of ART under these conditions is included in this study. This case was discussed at the [Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics] of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference held in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"287-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Rate Depends on Infectivity of the Virus Strain, Closeness of Contact, and the Immune Competence of the Infected Person.","authors":"Jiwoo Sim, Euncheol Son, Young June Choe","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0082","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"421-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Response to Clinical Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Eunkyung Nam, Jeong-Hoon Lim, Ki Tae Kwon","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0076","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"417-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Response to Six-Year Study on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Muthanna, Iraq: Molecular Identification Using ITS1 Gene Sequencing.","authors":"Mohammed H Flaih, Enas R Alwaily, Alyaa A Hafedh, Khwam R Hussein","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0093","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"413-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}