Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Genotypic Distribution of Alpha-Like Proteins in Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Strains Isolated in Korea: Implications for Vaccine Coverage.","authors":"Ji Hyen Lee, Hye-Kyung Cho, Kyung-Hyo Kim, Hyunju Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Han Wool Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) is a major cause of invasive bacterial diseases, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia, particularly in newborns and infants. Pregnant adults, those with pre-existing conditions, and older adults are particularly susceptible. Ongoing research is focused on developing various vaccines utilizing different antigens, including capsular polysaccharides and alpha-like proteins (Alps). Epidemiological data on these antigens in GBS is essential for predicting the effectiveness of these vaccines. However, no epidemiological studies on Alps genotype have been conducted in Korea. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the distribution and characteristics of the Alp genotype in domestic clinical strains.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed 386 GBS strains isolated from various clinical specimens between April 2000 and November 2018. The serotype of each strain was initially verified using a slide latex agglutination reaction, then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction to determine the presence of the genes <i>bca, rib, alp1, alp2, alp3,</i> and <i>alp4</i> associated with Alps. Strains were then classified as invasive or non-invasive based on the type of clinical specimen. The distribution of serotypes and Alp genotype was analyzed across these classifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 386 bacterial strains to assess their clinical characteristics, serotypes, and Alp genotype distributions. Of these strains, 47.1% (182 strains) were invasive primarily isolated from blood samples (43.3%, 167 strains), whereas non-invasive strains were more frequently isolated from sites such as the vagina and urethra. Serotype III was the most prevalent across both invasive and non-invasive strains, comprising 28.2% (109 strains) of all isolates. Notably, 79.5% (307 strains) of all isolates were encompassed by the hexavalent vaccine (serotype Ia, Ib, II, III, and V) formulations. Furthermore, the <i>rib</i> genotype was the most common, detected in 39.4% (152 strains) of all isolates, with a higher prevalence in non-invasive samples (44.1%, 90 strains).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the distribution of Alp genotypes differed between invasive and non-invasive strains, the proportion of bca and rib was substantial. Therefore, Alp protein vaccine containing Rib and Cα antigens is expected to provide protection against prevalent GBS strains in Korea. Additional epidemiological studies on GBS vaginal colonization in pregnant women and invasive neonatal strains are needed to support early neonatal sepsis prevention in these high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid C-Reactive Protein in Bacterial Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shreya Singh, Kamleshwar Mahto, Amit Kumar, Pramod Kumar, Satish Kumar, Manoj Kumar Prasad","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection leading to increased morbidity and mortality every year due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Previous literatures had shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) procalcitonin outweighs serum procalcitonin to diagnose bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Current meta-analysis aims to find the diagnostic accuracy of serum and CSF C-reactive protein (CRP) to diagnose bacterial meningitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Google databases were searched from 1st January 1980 to 30th June 2022. Observational studies, prospective or retrospective focusing on C-reactive protein as a biomarker for bacterial meningitis in adult patients were searched. The articles related to serum and CSF CRP for diagnosing bacterial meningitis were explored and retrieved separately, by two independent experts from the published studies available in the electronic search engines. The risk of bias and scholarly quality of studies were evaluated by QUADAS-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether 637 articles were recognized, out of which 22 studies selected. CSF CRP has shown better diagnostic value than serum CRP. Pooled sensitivity of CSF CRP was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.94), specificity 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92-0.97), area under the curve (AUC) 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 175 (95% CI, 74-410), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 20 (95% CI, 11.5-34.1) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.11 (95% CI, 0.06-0.21). While, pooled sensitivity of serum CRP was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69-0.88), specificity 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.93), AUC 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86-0.92), DOR 24 (95% CI, 9-62), PLR 6 (95% CI, 2.9-10.7) and NLR 0.23 (95% CI, 0.15-0.37). Heterogeneity was higher for serum CRP than CSF CRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis shows that CSF CRP had higher pooled sensitivity, specificity and PLR along with higher AUC and DOR for confirming bacterial meningitis in adults than serum CRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Management of Pediatric Patients with Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia Using a Clinical Care Pathway in Egypt.","authors":"Reham Abdelaziz Khedr, Ebtehal Ali, Hadir Ahmed El-Mahallawy, Nashwa Ezz Eldeen","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2025.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Criteria for home management of low-risk febrile neutropenia remain challenging in supportive care. Careful selection of low-risk febrile neutropenic pediatric patients can improve outcomes and decrease complications. In the current study, we implemented a clinical pathway for pediatric patients presenting to the emergency room department with low-risk febrile neutropenia by using strict inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a prospective study from December 2021 to September 2022; all patients presented to the emergency room department were screened for pathway evaluation, and risk stratification was performed using a strict checklist. Patients were included if they met the low-risk criteria. Thorough clinical and laboratory assessments were performed on these patients. All patients started oral antibiotics and were instructed about alarming signs. Patients were followed up at the outpatient clinic on days 3 and 7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and three patients with 200 episodes of low-risk febrile neutropenia were enrolled; one hundred and ten were males, and 90 were females; underlying hematological malignancies accounted for 54.0%. On day three, 181 patients out of 200 were afebrile for 24 hours (90.0%), and 47.5% were still neutropenic. At day seven, all study patients were afebrile, had recovering counts, and stopped antibiotics regardless of the count. Absolute neutrophil count recovery on day seven was achieved in 95.5% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our inclusion criteria for patients with low-risk febrile neutropenia proved to be safe without deaths or intensive care unit admission and successful with the lowest admission rate, so it can be used for a stewardship program to avoid unnecessary patient admissions and help healthcare givers to optimize patient allocation and follow-up safely.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Previously SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals after Receiving a Single Dose of CoronaVac or ChAdOx-1 Vaccine.","authors":"Witida Laopajon, Athavudh Deesomchok, Warawut Chaiwong, Nuchjira Takheaw, Supansa Pata, Pilaiporn Duangjit, Juthamas Inchai, Chaicharn Pothirat, Chaiwat Bumroongkit, Theerakorn Theerakittikul, Atikun Limsukon, Pattraporn Tajarernmuang, Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Kantinan Chuensirikulchai, Passaworn Cheyasawan, Chalerm Liwsrisakun, Watchara Kasinrerk","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) could induce natural immunity, previously infected individuals were suggested to have additional vaccination to enhance immune responses against the new variants of concern (VOCs). In this study, we determined the effects of a single dose of inactivated vaccine and viral vector-based vaccine on the neutralizing antibody (NAb) and T cell responses against the wild type (WT) and VOCs in the post-infection individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The levels of NAb and specific T cell responses against the WT and VOCs of the previously infected individuals were determined before and after vaccination with a single dose of CoronaVac (CoVac) or ChAdOx-1 (ChAd) vaccine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen subjects, with nine participants in each vaccination group, were recruited in this study. The CoVac group was significantly older (53.3±12.8 <i>vs.</i> 34.4±14.0 years, <i>P</i>=0.009) and had shorter disease-vaccination time (111.0 <i>vs.</i> 186.0 days, <i>P</i> <0.001) than the ChAd group. Before vaccination, both groups had median NAb against WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants, but not Omicron BA.4 and.5 variants, above the detection threshold. After vaccination, the NAbs and the CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against the tested variants were demonstrated. However, the NAb in the CoVac arm was lower than in the ChAd arm. In contrast, the CoVac vaccine-induced T-cell responses are better than the ChAd vaccine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, ChAd vaccination induced a better antibody response, but the CoVac vaccine induced greater T-cell responses. Vaccination is valuable in boosting immunity, particularly against some VOCs, in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trials Registry: This study was approved by the Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20210822002.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Out-of-Pocket Costs of Nirsevimab <i>vs.</i> Palivizumab during the First Respiratory Syncytial Virus Season: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Ki Wook Yun, Dayun Kang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2025.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a significant health burden in infants, with limited prevention options. Palivizumab, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) currently used for high-risk infants, requires a five-dose regimen, costing caregivers 47,260-642,000 Korean won (KRW) under the health insurance system, depending on the remaining season and infant's weight. Nirsevimab, the first approved long-acting RSV mAb, offers season-long protection with a single dose and costs 435,000-600,000 KRW. Direct cost comparisons indicate that nirsevimab might be more economical for infants born between April and November. Policy adjustments are needed to ensure equitable RSV protection through national immunization programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Viral Load Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Dili, Timor Leste.","authors":"Eva Engracia S Tilman, Elisa Damas, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing globally and regionally. Despite Timor Leste is still considered as low prevalence country with less than 0.2%, it is believed that the number of people living with HIV (PLWH) are slowly on the rise. Viral load subsequently has been introduced to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART), to monitor viral suppression and to detect treatment failure even in low middle income countries. There have been limited studies on the prevalence and associated factors of viral load non-suppression among PLWH in Timor-Leste. This study investigated the prevalence of viral load non-suppression among PLWH on ART and its associated factors among PLWH attending in a national hospital in Dili, Tomor-Leste.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective case control study was performed with all PLWH above >17 years who visited to a national hospital in Timor Leste between 2022-2023. The multiple logistic regression analysis was performed identify independent factors associated with viral load non-suppression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 212 subject was enrolled for this study with the mean age of 35 years old. The proportion of age group between 17-50 and ≥51 were 88% and 12%, respectively. Majority of the subject was male (72%). A total of 94 subjects (44%) had at least one episode of viral load non-suppression (>1,000 copies/mL) during study period. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed the significant factors associated with viral load non-suppression were (1) the low middle income (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.403, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.222-9.478, <i>P</i>=0.019), (2) the CD4+ cell counts <500 cells/mm³ (aOR, 11.622, 95% CI, 5.811-23.244, <i>P</i><0.001), and (3) the opportunistic infection such as pulmonary tuberculosis (aOR, 2.382, 95% CI, 1.200-4.731, <i>P</i>=0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study that evaluated the prevalence of and risk factors for viral load non-suppression in Timor Leste. Low middle income status, low CD4+ cell counts and opportunistic infections were factors associated with unsuppressed viral load in this region. Regular follow-up, support and counselling for improving adherence should be encouraged to enhance viral load suppression for those PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk among People Living with HIV in Ghana.","authors":"Sylvester Chinbuah, Ebenezer Kofi Mensah, Sylvester Onumah, Frank Abban, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease is a growing concern among people living with HIV (PLHIV) due to various risk factors and the long-term effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular risk among PLHIV in the Western Region of Ghana in 2022.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to estimate cardiovascular risk among PLHIV in Ghana's Western Region in 2022. Data from medical records was collected from an urban and a rural hospital. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was used to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, correlation between lab-based FRS and body mass index (BMI)-based FRS, health characteristics by settlement type and factors associated with High FRS were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 322 PLHIV was enrolled for this study, with a majority being female (76.1%) and aged 36-45 years (37%). Prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (28%), hypertension (26.3%), and diabetes (19.3%), while obesity (7.5%) and smoking (2.2%) were less prevalent. The lab-based FRS categorized 5.9% of participants as having a high cardiovascular risk. In comparison, the BMI-based FRS classified 12.1% in the high-risk category. There was a significant correlation between the lab-based FRS and BMI-based FRS. Employment status and religion were significant factors associated with cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases is a growing concern among PLHIV due to various risk factors and the long-term effects of HIV and ART. The findings of this study could contribute to improve cardiovascular health outcomes in PLHIV and provide a model for addressing comorbidities in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Abscesses by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: Cases to Raise Awareness.","authors":"Ka Eun Kim, Hyeon Jae Jo, Chang Kyung Kang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Communicable Diseases in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Their Risk Factors.","authors":"Dian Daniella, Anak Agung Ayu Yuli Gayatri, I Ketut Agus Somia","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0123","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasingly widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has significantly reduced mortality. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV with a life expectancy >50 years is increasing. With advanced age, the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) increases. According to a study in Uganda in 2017, the prevalence of at least one NCD in patients with HIV was 20.7%, with 11-30% of deaths due to NCDs, especially cardiovascular disease. This emphasizes that NCDs in patients with HIV are of clinical concern, as are the factors that increase the risk of these diseases. However, most studies on HIV and NCDs focus on African countries, while research in Asia is limited. Differences in genetics, lifestyle, and co-existing health burdens may influenced NCD prevalence and risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for NCDs in patients with HIV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ngoerah Hospital from June 8, 2023, to July 7, 2023. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,644 patients with HIV were included in this study. The prevalence of NCDs was 1.9% for hypertension, 1.1% for diabetes mellitus, 0.7% for dyslipidemia, 1.0% for kidney disorders, 0.1% for stroke, 0.3% for cancer, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 0.2% for autoimmune diseases. After conducting a multivariate test, we found that age >50 years increased the risk of comorbid NCDs by 7.886 times, while male sex increased the risk by 2.568 times, and an ARV regimen of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + non-NRTI (NNRTI) decreased the risk by 2.625 times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertension was the most common NCD in patients with HIV, followed by diabetes mellitus. Male patients and those aged >50 years were at a greater risk of developing NCDs, whereas a history of using the two NRTIs + NNRTI regimen was associated with a lower risk of NCDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> according to Phenotypic Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections in Children, Lima, Peru.","authors":"Adriana Belén Prieto Farfan, Yesica Llimpe Mitma de Barrón, Melina Magali Mayorca Yarihuamán, Fortunato Martín Príncipe Laines, María Bertha Paredes Pérez, Jaeson Santos Calla Choque, Heli Jaime Barrón Pastor","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0101","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phylogenetic studies are essential for understanding the virulence and resistance factors of bacteria, especially in evaluating their distribution within specific populations for effective infection control. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by <i>Escherichia coli</i> are highly prevalent and pose significant health challenges from childhood to adulthood. The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains highlights the urgent need for research aimed at developing preventive measures and epidemiological control strategies. This study aimed to analyze phylogenetically uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> strains and their resistance phenotypes in children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 111 urine culture samples collected from June 2023 to February 2024 at the Pediatric Emergency Hospital (PEH) in Lima, Peru. The phylogroups of <i>E. coli</i> were identified using Clermont's protocol based on polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UTIs were predominantly observed in females (85.6%) and infants under two years old (42.3%). The most frequent uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> phylogroups were B2 (30.6%), D (29.7%), and A (25.2%). These phylogroups showed significant correlation with MDR and the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At PEH, UTIs in children are primarily caused by uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> from the B2 and D phylogroups, which demonstrate high virulence and resistance factors. The correlation between these phylogroups, MDR, and ESBL production, along with the increasing infection rates associated with phylogroup A, suggests a potential for horizontal gene transfer. This underscores the urgent need for vigilant control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}