Vitamin D Receptor Gene FokI Polymorphism in Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Tuberculosis Coinfection and Associated Risk Factors.

Abstract

Background: There is still unclear method for identifying people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who will develop tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI allele f and associated risk factors in HIV-TB coinfection.

Material and methods: This case control study was conducted with 60 total subjects consisting 30 subjects of HIV-TB patients as the case group and 30 subjects HIV without TB as the control. VDR gene FokI polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, whereas light chain 3 (LC3) and caspase-3 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CD4 T cell by flowcytometry. Data analysis for different proportions used bivariate analysis and relationship analysis tests using logistic regression.

Results: The VDR gene FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism proportion of f alleles in the case group were 26 (86.7%) and control 13 (43.3%). Low LC3 (LC3 ≤30 ng/mL) found in 27 (90.0%) of the cases and 9 of the controls (30.0%). Low caspase-3 (Caspase3 ≤3 ng/mL) found 28 (93.3%) in cases and 15 (50.0%) in the controls. The logistic regression analysis revealed that f allele of FokI VDR gene polymorphism, low LC3, low caspase-3 and low CD4 T cells are risk factors for HIV-TB co-infection as follows respectively; (odds ratio [OR], 6.921; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.199-39.936; P=0.031); (OR, 16.257; 95% CI, 2.568-102.928; P=0.003) and (OR, 7.448; 95% CI, 0.851-65.211; P=0.070); (OR, 6.227; 95% CI, 0.36-37.419; P=0.046).

Conclusion: VDR gene FokI polymorphism alleles f, low LC3, caspase-3, and low CD4 T cell count were identified as risk factors for HIV-TB Coinfection.