Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Response to \"Adult Immunization Policy in Korea\".","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya, Sandip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0108","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"88-89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10990883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities for Patients with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Jeju Island: Single-Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Misun Kim, Sang Taek Heo, Jaechun Lee, Jong Hoo Lee, Miok Kim, Changhwan Kim, Gil Myeong Seong, Myeong Jin Kang, Jeong Rae Yoo","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0052","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The distribution of species and characteristics of non<bold>-</bold>tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) differ, and surveillance data for changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities of NTM is insufficient. This study analyzed the changes in antimicrobial susceptibility trends across NTM species and assessed the appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial drugs for NTM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, including demographics, distribution of NTM species, antimicrobial drug susceptibilities, and outcomes, at a teaching hospital in Jeju Island from 2009 - 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 342 patients were included in the analysis; 93.0% were classified into the pulmonary group (PG) and 7.0% into the extrapulmonary group (EPG). The isolation rate of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> was significantly higher in PG (36.8% <i>vs.</i> 0%, <i>P</i> = 0.001), while that of <i>Mycobacterium fortuitum</i> was significantly higher in EPG (4.5% <i>vs.</i> 31.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.001). The antimicrobial susceptibility rate is higher against clarithromycin (89.9%) and amikacin (83.3%) and lower against rifampin (54.7%) and ethambutol (28.1%). The susceptibility rate to clarithromycin was over 80%, but those to rifampin and ethambutol showed decreasing annual trends. Of the 162 patients who received empirical antimicrobial therapy, actual antimicrobial susceptibility rates were high (90.1%) using empirical macrolide, and relatively low using ethambutol and rifampin (28.0% and 58.8%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study of analysis of the distribution, baseline characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated NTM species in pulmonary and extrapulmonary patients in Jeju Island over 10 years. Policies that continuously monitor changes in susceptibility rate are required to ensure effective treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10990891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibility of Decreasing Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Korea.","authors":"Minkyeong Lee, Wan Beom Park, Eu Suk Kim, Yeonjae Kim, Sang-Won Park, Eunyoung Lee, Myoung-Don Oh, Nam Joong Kim, Hong Bin Kim, Kyoung-Ho Song, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Chang Kyung Kang, Chan Mi Lee, Yunsang Choi, Song Mi Moon, Seong Jin Choi, Jaehyun Jeon, Jihwan Bang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0056","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of newly diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Korea, which had increased until 2019, has markedly decreased since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic started. This study evaluated whether the decrease is due to a reduction in the incidence of HIV infection and/or delayed diagnosis during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We reviewed the medical records of 587 newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection between February 2018 and January 2022 from four general hospitals, and their characteristics were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The lapse time from infection to diagnosis was estimated using an HIV modeling tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated mean times to diagnosis were 5.68 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.45 - 6.51 years) and 5.41 years (95% CI: 4.09 - 7.03 years) before and during the pandemic, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.016). The proportion of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illnesses, expected to visit hospitals regardless of the pandemic, decreased from 17.2% before the pandemic to 11.9% during the pandemic (<i>P</i> = 0.086).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The decrease in the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in Korea might have resulted from an actual decrease in the incidence of HIV infection rather than a worsening of underdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"451-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Disease Burden and Immunization Rates for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in People Living with HIV: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study.","authors":"Hye Seong, Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Jun Yong Choi, Shin-Woo Kim, Sang Il Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee, Bo Youl Choi, Boyoung Park, Hak Jun Hyun, Jin Gu Yoon, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Joon Young Song","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0045","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prophylactic immunization is important for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, there are insufficient data on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), vaccination rates, and factors influencing vaccination.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The incidence and prevalence of VPDs in HIV-infected patients between 2006 and 2017 were estimated using the Korean HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cohort database. In addition, we evaluated the vaccination rates and influencing factors for vaccination in HIV-infected patients through multilevel analysis of clinico-epidemiological factors, immune status, and psychological status. A questionnaire survey was conducted among experts to determine whether they recommend vaccination for HIV-infected patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, herpes zoster, and anogenital warts were 1.74, 7.38, and 10.85 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. The prevalence of HBV infection and anogenital warts at enrollment was 4.8% and 8.6%, respectively, which increased to 5.3% and 12.0%, respectively, by 2017. In HIV-infected patients, HBV (21.7% in 2008, 56.3% in 2013, and 75.4% in 2017) and pneumococcal vaccination rates (3.0% in 2015, 7.6% in 2016, and 9.6% in 2017) increased annually, whereas the influenza vaccination rate remained similar by season (32.7 - 35.6%). In the multilevel analysis, peak HIV viral load (≥50 copies/mL: odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44 - 0.93; reference, <50 copies/mL) was an influencing factor for pneumococcal vaccination, while nadir CD4 T-cell counts (200 - 350 cells/mm³: OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38 - 0.76; <200 cells/mm³: OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 - 1.28; reference, ≥350 cells/mm³) was an influencing factor for HBV vaccination. Influenza vaccination was associated with male sex (OR = 1.94) and the number of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen change (OR = 1.16), but was not significantly associated with HIV viral load or CD4 T-cell counts. Most experts responded that they administer hepatitis A virus, HBV, pneumococcal, and influenza vaccines routinely, but not human papillomavirus (12.9%) or herpes zoster vaccines (27.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases was quite high in HIV-infected patients. Nadir CD4 T-cell counts, peak HIV viral loads, and the number of ART regimen change are significant factors related to vaccination. Considering the low vaccination rates for VPDs, there was a discordance between experts' opinions and real clinical practice in the medical field.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"441-450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10169903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Rapid Antigen Screening Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Infection at Correctional Facilities in Korea: March - May 2022.","authors":"Hye Young Lee, Young-Joon Park, Mi Yu, Hanul Park, Ji Joo Lee, Jihyun Choi, Hee Seok Park, Jun Yeop Kim, Jun Young Moon, Sang-Eun Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0059","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of confirmed cases of individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increased rapidly due to the Omicron variant. Correctional facilities are vulnerable to infectious diseases, and they introduced rapid antigen tests (RATs) to allow for early detection and rapid response. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and usefulness of SARS-CoV-2 RATs in newly incarcerated people.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study at correctional facilities in Korea from 9 March to 22 May 2022. The study population was newly incarcerated people who were divided into two groups. In one group, 799 paired SARS-CoV-2 RATs and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were conducted simultaneously in 522 individuals in March 2022. In the other group, 4,034 paired RATs and RT-PCR consecutively in 4,034 participants; only individuals with negative RATs results underwent RT-PCR from April to May 2022. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 799 specimens in March, RT-PCR was positive in 72 (9.0%), and among the 4,034 specimens in April - May 2022, RT-PCR was positive in 40 (1.0%). Overall, the RATs had a sensitivity of 58.3%, specificity of 100.0%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100.0%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.0%. Asymptomatic individuals constituted 98.2% of the study group, and symptomatic individuals 1.8%. In asymptomatic cases, the sensitivity of RATs was 52.5%, specificity was 100.0%, PPV was 100.0%, and NPV was 96.3%. In symptomatic cases, the sensitivity of RATs was 84.6%, specificity was 100.0%, PPV was 100.0%, and NPV was 33.3%. Sensitivity (<i>P</i> = 0.034) and NPV (<i>P</i> = 0.004) differed significantly according to the presence and absence of symptoms, and the F1 score was the highest at 0.9 in symptomatic individuals in March. There was a positive linear trend in the proportion of false-negative RATs in newly incarcerated people following the weekly incidence of SARS-CoV-2 (<i>P</i> = 0.033). The best-associated predictors of RATs for SARS-CoV-2 infection involved symptoms, timing of sample collection, and repeat testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sensitivity and NPV significantly depend on whether symptoms are present, and the percentage of false negatives is correlated with the incidence. Thus, using RATs should be adjusted according to the presence or absence of symptoms and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. RATs could be a useful screening tool as an effective first-line countermeasure because they can rapidly identify infectious patients and minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in correctional facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"460-470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing Adult Immunization in the Philippines.","authors":"Dalmacito A Cordero","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0103","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"519-520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Control and Burnout Prevention Among Healthcare Workers Require Individual and Public Action.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0095","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"515-516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Control and Burnout Prevention Among Healthcare Workers Require Individual and Public Action.","authors":"Ki Tae Kwon","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0113","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"517-518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Molnupiravir Treatment in Patients with COVID-19 in Korea: A Propensity Score Matched Study.","authors":"Hye Rim Park, Min-Gyu Yoo, Jong Mu Kim, Soon Jong Bae, Hyungmin Lee, Jungyeon Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0087","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The MOVe-OUT (efficacy and safety of molnupiravir [MK-4482] in non-hospitalized adult participants with COVID-19 [MK-4482-002]) trial reported that the administration of molnupiravir in unvaccinated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before the Omicron epidemic showed a preventive effect of 31% against hospitalization and death. However, studies on the preventive effect of molnupiravir against progression to severe disease and death in patients with COVID-19 during the Omicron epidemic are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of molnupiravir against severe/critical illness or death and death in Korean patients with COVID-19 who were vaccinated mostly during the Omicron epidemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study used large-scale retrospective cohort data to select patients with COVID-19 who were either treated or not treated with molnupiravir, between August 2022 and March 2023, at a ratio of 1 : 4 using the propensity score matching method. In total, 762,768 patients comprised the non- administered group, and 190,692 patients comprised the molnupiravir-administered group. The preventive effect of molnupiravir against severe/critical illness or death and death was analyzed using logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preventive effect of molnupiravir against severe/critical illness or death and death, represented by the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), in the molnupiravir-administered and non-administered group was (OR: 0.714; CI: 0.667 - 0.764) and (OR: 0.749; CI: 0.682 - 0.823), respectively. As age increased, the preventive effect against severe/critical illness or death and death increased. The preventive effect against severe/critical illness or death at ≥60 years was (OR: 0.669; CI: 0.624 - 0.717), at ≥70 years was (OR: 0.614; CI: 0.570 - 0.661), and at ≥80 years was (OR: 0.563; CI: 0.515 - 0.615). The preventive effect against death at ≥60 years was (OR: 0.729; CI: 0.663 - 0.802), at ≥70 years was (OR: 0.676; CI: 0.612 - 0.747), and at ≥80 years was (OR: 0.622; CI: 0.554 - 0.698).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although molnupiravir showed a relatively weak preventive effect against severe/critical illness or death (29%) and death (25%) among patients with COVID-19, it exhibited a stronger protective effect in older patients than in younger patients. In particular, the preventive effect against severe/critical illness or death (44%) and death (38%) in those aged ≥80 years was pronounced. This study strongly suggests that molnupiravir administration can alleviate the burden on the medical system, and treat patients with COVID-19 effectively by reducing its progression to severe disease and death.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"490-499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Typing on Human Blood Reveals the <i>Borrelia afzelii</i> Infection in Korea.","authors":"Yeon-Sook Kim, Jeoungyeon Kim, Yeon-Joo Choi, Taeuk Kang, Hye-Jin Park, Won-Jong Jang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2023.0094","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2023.0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection in Korea. Here, clinical samples were collected from a 72-year old patient, with sudden onset of fever on April, 2018. The patient was passed away after 3rd day of doxycycline administration. The molecular diagnostic tests, nested polymerase chain reaction targeting 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (IGS) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), showed positive for <i>Borrelia afzelii</i> from blood. Further, mutations in both 5S - 23S IGS and <i>pepX</i> allele of MLST were determined. Herein, we report the expected first death case by <i>B. afzelii</i> infection in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"500-504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}