Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Women Living with HIV in Korea.","authors":"Sang Min Ahn, Yong Seop Lee, Min Han, Jung Ah Lee, Jae Eun Seong, Yae Jee Baek, JongHoon Hyun, Jung Ho Kim, Jin Young Ahn, Dong Hyun Oh, Su Jin Jeong, Ji Hyeon Baek, Nam Su Ku, Hee Kyoung Choi, Yoonseon Park, BumSik Chin, Young Keun Kim, Joon Sup Yeom, Young Hwa Choi, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0057","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While Korea maintains a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the number of newly diagnosed cases has been steadily rising, reaching approximately 1,000 annually in recent years. The 2022 annual report from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency revealed that women living with HIV (WLWH) constitute 6.4% of the total confirmed people living with the HIV population, totaling 1,219 individuals. Despite this, only a few studies have focused on WLWH in Korea. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of WLWH in Korea.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data by reviewing the medical records of all WLWH who visited 10 urban referral hospitals across Korea between January 2005 and May 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 443 WLWH were enrolled in this study. The predominant risk exposure was heterosexual contact, with 235 (53%) participants either married or cohabiting with a male partner at their initial clinic visit. Among the participants, 334 (77.7%) were Korean, 27 (6.1%) were Southeast Asian, and 19 (4.3%) were African. Antiretroviral therapy was initiated by 404 WLWH (91.2%). We observed 118 pregnancies in WLWH following their HIV diagnosis, resulting in 78 live births (66.1%), 18 induced abortions (15.2%), 10 pre-viable fetal losses (8.5%), and four stillbirths (3.4%). Over a cumulative follow-up duration of 3,202.1 years, the incidence rates of breast and cervical cancers were both 2.18 per 1,000 person-years. Additionally, the incidence rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (above grade II), and osteoporosis were 4.67, 11.21, and 13.39 per 1,000 patient-years, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first multicenter study to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of WLWH in Korea. The incidence and prevalence of diseases in women, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and chronic comorbidities, are high in WLWH in Korea; therefore, further research and efforts are needed to manage these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"369-377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Bioterrorism by North Korea and South Korea's Preparedness.","authors":"Kun Hwang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0068","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the elements and infection mechanisms of bioterrorism, assess North Korea's capability for biological warfare, and propose strategies for South Korea to counter potential bioterrorist threats from the North. The four critical elements of bioterrorism include the biological agent, the weaponization of the agent, the delivery system, and the impact of weather conditions on the attack. The infection routes for biological agents in bioterrorism include inhalation, ingestion, dermal exposure, and injection. The potential agents under development could include anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin, which might be deployed using missiles, artillery shells, or through covert operations. Proximity to North Korea significantly increases vulnerability to biological attacks. Possible methods include contaminating water supplies, food sources, or densely populated areas. Anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin could theoretically be delivered using packages attached to balloons. Minimizing the impact of a bioterrorism event requires strategy that includes four key actions: detection, decision-making, distribution, and dispensation. By integrating these steps, authorities can effectively manage and mitigate the effects of a bioterrorism event. Civilian doctors play a role in the early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and management of biological agents. Educating medical professionals is crucial for preparing against potential biological warfare or bioterrorism threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"300-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Response to Clinical Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Eunkyung Nam, Jeong-Hoon Lim, Ki Tae Kwon","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0076","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"417-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiretroviral Therapy during Long-term Surgical Care: 'Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics' of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference in 2023.","authors":"Jung Ho Kim, Jae Eun Seong, Sangmin Ahn, Yongseop Lee, Jung Ah Lee, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Joon-Sup Yeom, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0052","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), the average lifespan of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing, as is the number of older adults with HIV. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV who undergo surgery or require critical care for various reasons is increasing. Since the prognosis of people with HIV depends on the continuous and effective maintenance of ART, there is a need to consider effectively maintaining ART in people with HIV in these conditions. This case involved a 55-year-old patient with well-controlled HIV who received ART and presented to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with extensive bowel infarction and panperitonitis and received critical care in the intensive care unit, including mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy. The patient was administered enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. The patient subsequently underwent extensive small bowel resection and developed short bowel syndrome. The patient maintained ART during that period. A literature review related to the use of ART under these conditions is included in this study. This case was discussed at the [Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics] of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference held in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"287-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Rate Depends on Infectivity of the Virus Strain, Closeness of Contact, and the Immune Competence of the Infected Person.","authors":"Jiwoo Sim, Euncheol Son, Young June Choe","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0082","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"421-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Response to Six-Year Study on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Muthanna, Iraq: Molecular Identification Using ITS1 Gene Sequencing.","authors":"Mohammed H Flaih, Enas R Alwaily, Alyaa A Hafedh, Khwam R Hussein","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0093","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"413-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Infection & Chemotherapy</i>: The Experience of Journal Integration and Future Prospects.","authors":"Dong-Gun Lee","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0106","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"409-410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Tollerability of INI-Based 2-Drug Regimen in Virosuppressed Persons Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Antonio Russo, Salvatore Martini, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Maria Grazia Palamone, Maria Teresa Russo, Verdiana Zollo, Roberta Palladino, Pierantonio Grimaldi, Alberto Borghetti, Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Nicola Coppola","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0066","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the available evidence from the literature on the efficacy and safety of integrase inhibitor-based two drug regimens compared to triple drug regimens in virosuppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) in a long-term follow-up (at 96 weeks).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and adverse drug reactions leading to discontinuation of two drug regimens compared to triple drug regimens in virosuppressed PLWH patients at 96 weeks of follow-up. We searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library up to March 15, 2024, and studies were selected for eligibility based on predefined criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and risk ratios (RRs) were calculated as the measure of association between therapy and incidence of events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies were included in the analysis, both clinical trials and observational studies. The two drug regimens included cabotegravir/rilpivirine, dolutegravir/lamivudine, and dolutegravir/rilpivirine. No significant differences were observed in treatment failure (RR, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-1.13; <i>P</i>=0.182), virological failure (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.48-1.29; <i>P</i>=0.341), adverse drug reactions leading to discontinuation (RR, 1.74; 95% CI, 0.73-4.17; <i>P</i>=0.215), or appearance of mutation (RR, 2.48; 95% CI, 0.33-18.68; <i>P</i>=0.379) between two drug regimen and triple drug regimen groups at 96 weeks of follow up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meta-analysis provide an overview of the available evidence and supports the use of two drug regimens as an option for simplifying treatment and improving clinical outcomes in virosuppressed PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"56 3","pages":"395-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Clinical Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0064","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"415-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Usefulness of the Rapid Antigen Test in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 for Infection Control in Hospitals.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0035","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"282-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}