Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Immunohistochemistry Technique for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Biopsy Tissue Specimen as Compared to Composite Diagnostic Criteria.","authors":"Pragati D Rao,&nbsp;D R Gayathri Devi,&nbsp;S R Mangala Gouri,&nbsp;A S Arjun,&nbsp;Lalitha Krishnappa,&nbsp;Abdul Azeem","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_112_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_112_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has been challenging owing to its paucibacillary nature and diverse clinical manifestations. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on biopsy specimens has presented a new perspective toward improving tuberculosis diagnosis. MPT64 is a unique antigen that has shown high sensitivity and specificity compared to other conventional techniques in its ability to diagnose tuberculosis as well as differentiate it from nontubercular mycobacteria. In this study, we aimed to analyze the utility of anti-MPT64 in the diagnosis of EPTB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, conducted over a period of 1 year, 52 nonrepetitive samples from 52 participants with a presumptive diagnosis of EPTB were collected and processed. The specimens were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining, GeneXpert, tissue culture by mycobacterium growth indicator tube, H and E staining, and IHC with anti-MPT64. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-MPT64 was computed against a composite diagnostic criterion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two consecutive participants satisfying the study criteria were recruited. The mean age of the study population was 37.35 ± 18.71 years. Lymph node specimen accounted for majority of the specimen processed (<i>n</i> = 20, 38.5%). The sensitivity of anti-MPT64 in the diagnosis of EPTB was 68.29%, specificity was 90.90%, positive predictive value was 96.55%, and negative predictive value was 43.47%, when composite criteria were considered standard for diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immunohistochemical staining by anti-MPT64 is useful in establishing microbiological diagnosis of EPTB on biopsy specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/c3/JGID-14-136.PMC9831204.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10519051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Child with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.","authors":"Polina Siri Iswarya,&nbsp;Dhaarani Jayaraman,&nbsp;X Joshua Rajan,&nbsp;Krithika Prabaharan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is well known in post-transplant immunocompromised children. However, the incidence in non-transplant patients is significantly less, and only scarce case reports are available in the literature regarding CMV disease in children with solid tumors. We present a 3-year-old male child with multisystem refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis, who had very high CMV viremia and disseminated CMV infection with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and was successfully treated without organ damage and sequelae. Although routine screening is not recommended, CMV viremia/disease needs to be considered in non-transplant immunocompromised children with multisystem involvement with unexplained cytopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/f0/JGID-14-170.PMC9831206.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10519056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Pattern of <i>Candida auris</i> in India.","authors":"Smita Deshkar,&nbsp;Niranjan Patil,&nbsp;Shraddha Amberkar,&nbsp;Ashish Lad,&nbsp;Farozan Siddiqui,&nbsp;Swati Sharan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_44_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_44_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Candida auris</i> has turned up as a multidrug-resistant nosocomial agent with outbreaks reported worldwide. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal drug susceptibility pattern of <i>C. auris</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolates of <i>C. auris</i> were obtained from clinically suspected cases of candidemia from January 2019 to June 2021. Identification was done with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and panfungal DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed with broth microdilution method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 50 isolates <i>C. auris</i>, 49 were identified by MALDI-TOF and one isolate was identified with panfungal DNA PCR followed by sequencing. For fluconazole, 84% (<i>n</i> = 42) isolates were found to be resistant and 16% (<i>n</i> = 8) isolates were susceptible (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] range 0.5-16). Posaconazole exhibited potent activity, followed by itraconazole. For amphotericin B, only 6% (<i>n</i> = 3) isolates were resistant with MICs ≥2 μg/mL. Only 4% (<i>n</i> = 2) isolates exhibited resistance to caspofungin. No resistance was noted for micafungin and anidulafungin. One (2%) isolate was found to be panazole resistant. One (2%) isolate was resistant to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Correct identification of <i>C. auris</i> can be obtained with the use of MALDI-TOF and sequencing methods. A small percentage of fluconazole-sensitive isolates are present. Although elevated MICs for amphotericin B and echinocandins are not generally observed, the possibility of resistance with the irrational use of these antifungal drugs cannot be denied. Pan azole-resistant and pan drug-resistant strains of <i>C. auris</i> are on rise.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/15/JGID-14-131.PMC9831210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10525865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cytokine mRNA Profiles in Acute Respiratory Infection Patients.","authors":"Marina Alexandrovna Plotnikova,&nbsp;Sergey A Klotchenko,&nbsp;Alexey A Lozhkov,&nbsp;Kirill I Lebedev,&nbsp;Alexander S Taraskin,&nbsp;Irina L Baranovskaya,&nbsp;Maria A Egorova,&nbsp;Edward S Ramsay,&nbsp;Vitaly N Chebotkevich,&nbsp;Andrey V Vasin","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_301_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_301_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory infections, collectively, are one of the World's most common and serious illness groups. As recent observations have shown, the most severe courses of acute respiratory infection, often leading to death, are due to uncontrolled cytokine production (hypercytokinemia).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 364 patients with respiratory illness being treated in clinics in St. Petersburg (Russia) in 2018-2019 and 30 healthy controls. Cytokine analysis was carried out in the acute phase of illness (2-3 days from onset of initial symptoms) and in the stage of recovery (days 9-10). The research presented is devoted to the assessment of mRNA expression of specific cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interferon-λ) and MxA in whole blood leukocytes, by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 70% of patients, bacterial or viral pathogens were identified, with influenza viral infections (types A and B) prevailing. Significant increases in the expression of IL-18, TNF, and IL-10 were observed, relative to controls, only with influenza viral infections. We have shown a difference in IL-6 mRNA expression in patients with bacterial or viral pathogens. No statistically significant difference was found in white blood cells IL-4 expression levels between patients and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Investigation of the nuances of systemic cytokine production, in response to specific viral and bacterial pathogens, makes it possible to assess the risks of developing hypercytokinemia during respiratory infection with agents circulating in the human population and to predict the pathogenicity and virulence of circulating threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/a3/JGID-14-147.PMC9831213.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype Profiles of Rotavirus Strains in Children under 5-year-old Outpatients with Diarrhea in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Dwi Prasetyo,&nbsp;Yudith Setiati Ermaya,&nbsp;Iesje Martiza Sabaroedin,&nbsp;Dyah Widhiastuti,&nbsp;Novilia Sjafri Bachtiar,&nbsp;Cissy Bana Kartasasmita","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_101_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_101_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diarrhea is a global leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five, with rotaviruses being the most common cause. This study aimed to determine the genotypes of rotavirus in children under 5 years with diarrhea in Bandung, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2018 on 450 children under five with acute diarrhea in primary health centers in Bandung, Indonesia. Fecal samples were examined for rotavirus antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and genotype was determined through sequencing using polymerase chain reaction. Results were statistically analyzed using Pearson Chi-square in Epi Info version 3.5.4, with <i>P</i> < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rotavirus was identified in 8.9% of the subjects, slightly higher in boys (<i>n</i> = 24, 9.8%) than girls (<i>n</i> = 16, 7.8%). We found that the most rotavirus positive in age group is >12-24 months and >24-59 months, while the highest percentage is at the age of ≤6 months (11.8%). Moderate malnutrition was observed in more subjects (12.8%). Vomiting was more frequent in patients positive (55%, <i>P</i> = 0.013) and fever was seen in 32.5% (<i>P</i> = 0.645). No signs of dehydration were seen in most subjects (75%), <i>P</i> = 0.227. Rotavirus genotypes identified were G1P[8] (18, 45%), G3P[8] (14, 35%), G3P[6] (4, 10%), G3P[9] (2, 5%), G2P[4] (1, 2.5%), and nontypeable (NT) (1, 2.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dominant rotavirus genotype is G1P[8], followed by G3P[8], G3P[6], G3P[9], G2P[4], and NT. The most common rotavirus positive in age group is >12-24 months and >24-59 months, while the highest percentage is at the age of ≤6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/1c/JGID-14-142.PMC9831209.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of The Globe: <i>Candida auris</i>-A Global Healthcare Threat.","authors":"Suman Thakur","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_215_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_215_22","url":null,"abstract":"Candida auris (CA) a dreaded, multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogen, has emerged as a global threat to health care with a crude in‐hospital case‐fatality rate of 30%–72%.[1] The name “auris” was given because it was first isolated from the ear canal of a hospitalized patient.[2] CA is considered the first example of a new pathogenic fungus emerging from the global warming.[3] The special ability of CA to adapt through the genetic and epigenetic switches first in the environment and then in an avian host is thought to have led to its establishment as a human pathogen.[3] Once established as a pathogen, CA gets easily transmitted among humans, favored by the conditions of high population density, pollution, increased city temperatures, poor hygiene, and frequent international travel.[3]","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/92/JGID-14-129.PMC9831208.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10519057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complicated Ulceroglandular Tularemia.","authors":"Branko Brmbolić,&nbsp;Jelica Grebenarović,&nbsp;Uroš Karić","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_82_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_82_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 52-year-old woman presented with a tender swelling in the right axilla, fever, a headache, nausea, and general weakness. On examination, she was found to have lymphangitis on the right arm and red papules on the 1^st and 2^nd fingers of the right hand. She had had prepared wild rabbit stew 5 days before disease onset. Serology and an ultrasound of the right axilla confirmed the diagnosis of ulceroglandular tularemia. The lymphadenitis did not resolve after streptomycin treatment so an incision was made and 30 cc of purulent fluid drained. Over the course of the next 3 months, the fluid continued to drain. A radiographic fistulography was performed and it revealed a short main channel with a few long channels of varying caliber branching out from it, all terminating in a conglomerate of necrotic axillary lymph nodes. The lesions healed spontaneously and completely over the following 12 months without additional antibiotic therapy. Radiographic fistulography can help plot the course of the fistula/fistulas and demonstrate the anatomic features of the lesion in resource poor settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/80/JGID-14-120.PMC9552344.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Globe: Computed Tomography and Bronchoscopy for Improved Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in India.","authors":"Suman Thakur, Vivek Chauhan, Sunil Kumar Raina","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_153_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_153_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a1/22/JGID-14-91.PMC9552345.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33509942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unusual Presentation of Malarial Infection: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"Gladwin Jeemon","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_78_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_78_22","url":null,"abstract":"1. Yates VM, Rook GA. Mycobacterial infections. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C, editors. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology. 7th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2004. p. 28. 2. Aires NB, Santi CG, Nico MM. Tuberculid of the glans penis. Acta Derm Venereol 2006;86:552-3. 3. Nishigori C, Taniguchi S, Hayakawa M, Imamura S. Penis tuberculides: Papulonecrotic tuberculides on the glans penis. Dermatologica 1986;172:93-7. Access this article online","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/7b/JGID-14-123.PMC9552349.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33509943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Listeriosis: Molecular Determinants of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance.","authors":"Naveen Kumar,&nbsp;Angel T Miraclin,&nbsp;Karthik Gunasekaran,&nbsp;Balaji Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_94_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_94_22","url":null,"abstract":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases ¦ Volume 14 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2022 125 Gram-stained smears. Smears showing thin, filamentous Gram-positive bacilli need to be examined with modified acid-fast staining.[4] The value of direct microscopic Gram stain examination of specimens is immense since early diagnosis and treatment are associated with improved clinical outcomes. (4) Thorough examination of repeated samples may be required in suspected cases.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/aa/JGID-14-125.PMC9552339.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}