Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"State of the Globe: Re-emergence of the Louse-borne Infections.","authors":"Suman Thakur, Vivek Chauhan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_98_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_98_22","url":null,"abstract":"Human body louse is known to infest homeless people, jail inmates, alcoholics, people in refugee camps, institutional inhabitants, and historically, the troupes during the World Wars.[1] Louse infestation (pediculosis) is very contagious and is transmitted by close contact with humans and infested linen and clothes. In addition to the body louse, head and pubic louse also infest humans. Of the three types of lice, only body louse is known to transmit infections in humans.[2]","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/2b/JGID-14-45.PMC9336598.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fatal Case Coronavirus Disease 2019 - Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy.","authors":"Abdoulahy Diallo,&nbsp;Yacouba Dembele,&nbsp;Mohamadou Niang,&nbsp;Lucas Balloy,&nbsp;François Pousset,&nbsp;Issifou Yaya,&nbsp;Sarah Permal","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_185_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_185_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in association with a variety of brain imaging findings such as acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting a second case of acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy associated with COVID-19, which was fatal in a few hours in a 56-year-old male without a specific history. We claim that this case is important because this case shows that the unconscious patients are potentially infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and might cause the horizontal infection. In order to end the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 diseases, the diagnosis of the disease must be prompt and not overlook any findings. We think that diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a promising and useful sequence to evaluate the changes in brain tissue in the acute necrotizing encephalopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/cb/JGID-14-84.PMC9336601.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Ivermectin and Zinc Sulfate versus Combined Hydroxychloroquine, Darunavir/Ritonavir, and Zinc Sulfate among Adult Patients with Asymptomatic or Mild Coronavirus-19 Infection.","authors":"Sireethorn Nimitvilai,&nbsp;Yupin Suputtamongkol,&nbsp;Ussanee Poolvivatchaikarn,&nbsp;Dechatorn Rassamekulthana,&nbsp;Nuttawut Rongkiettechakorn,&nbsp;Anek Mungaomklang,&nbsp;Susan Assanasaen,&nbsp;Ekkarat Wongsawat,&nbsp;Chompunuch Boonarkart,&nbsp;Waritta Sawaengdee","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_281_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_281_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine (HQ), and darunavir/ritonavir are widely prescribed as an oral treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection despite their uncertainty of clinical benefit. The objective is to determine the safety and the efficacies of two treatment regimens against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy between a 3-day course of once-daily high-dose oral ivermectin plus zinc sulfate (Group A) and a combination of HQ, darunavir/ritonavir, and zinc sulfate (HQ + antiretroviral, Group B) for 5 days in asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study period was between December 2020 and April 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 113 patients were randomized and analyzed (57 patients in Group A and 56 patients in Group B). The median duration to achieve the virological outcome of either undetected or cycle threshold (Ct) for N gene of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction was 6 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3-6.7) versus 7 days (95% CI: 5.4-8.6) in Group A and Group B, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.419) in the modified intention-to-treat population. All patients were discharged from hospital quarantine as planned. Two patients in Group A and one patient in Group B were considered clinically worsening and received 10 days of favipiravir treatment. There was no serious adverse event found in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated that both treatment regimens were safe, but both treatment regimens had no virological or clinical benefit. Based on this result and current data, there is no supporting evidence for the clinical benefit of ivermectin for coronavirus-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d8/ef/JGID-14-69.PMC9336605.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Illness Polyneuropathy as a Sequelae of COVID-19.","authors":"Nipun Bawiskar,&nbsp;Dhruv Talwar,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar,&nbsp;Sourya Acharya","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_254_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_254_21","url":null,"abstract":"Post-COVID-19 complications are predominantly those of the respiratory system and may rarely be neurological.[1] Neurological manifestations such as stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, encephalopathy, and neuropathy are some that have been observed and are likely to manifest in patients with comorbidities with a rare preponderance for those with mere risk factors but no established diagnosis.[2] In other viruses, neurological manifestations are as a result of direct effect of the virus, post infection immune mediated diseases or Para-infections. Although in COVID this requires further evaluation a similar conduct may be considered.[3]","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/80/JGID-14-90.PMC9336600.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Bartonella quintana</i> Infection: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ba-Hoang-Anh Mai","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_220_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_220_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Bartonella quintana</i> is an anaerobic bacillus whose main target is the erythrocyte. This bacterium transmitted by the body louse notably infected the soldiers of the First World War from where the name of this disease: fever of the trenches. The 90s marked the return of this bacterial infection. <i>B. quintana</i> infection in the homeless was reported in the literature with a high incidence in these populations worldwide. This upsurge of cases justified this study for a better understanding of <i>B. quintana</i> infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the seroprevalence of <i>B. quintana</i> infection by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to collect scientific papers from PubMed and Google Scholar based on combining keywords.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 45 articles published from April 1996 to March 2020 with 84 subpopulations of 21 countries from 4 continents; among them, 61 subpopulations had a positive rate from 0.2% to 65%. These subpopulations were divided into four main groups: homeless people, healthy people, blood donors, and symptoms/diseases. Homeless people were the main target of this infection, and three factors related to susceptibility were homeless period, age, and alcoholism. 6/11, 12/20, and 32/41 subpopulations of healthy people, blood donors, symptoms/diseases, respectively, had a positive percentage. However, factors of exposure in these three groups were not mentioned. Other reservoirs, vectors, and transmitted routes were identified to partially explain the worldwide spread of the infection, and it is important to have more further investigations to identify potential risk factors. This will help to limit contamination and prevent effectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This serological overview indicated the importance of <i>B. quintana</i> infection that has emerged in multiple regions, touched worldwide populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/8f/JGID-14-50.PMC9336607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyponatremia in Melioidosis: Analysis of 10-year Data from a Hospital-Based Registry.","authors":"Indu Ramachandra Rao,&nbsp;Tushar Shaw,&nbsp;Ravindra Attur Prabhu,&nbsp;Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara,&nbsp;Shankar Prasad Nagaraju,&nbsp;Dharshan Rangaswamy,&nbsp;Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy,&nbsp;Mohan Varadanayakanahalli Bhojaraja,&nbsp;Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_110_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_110_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hyponatremia is a frequent finding in hospitalized patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. While hyponatremia is known to commonly occur in certain infections, its association with melioidosis has not been studied previously. We studied incidence and impact of hyponatremia on clinical outcomes in melioidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of a single-center hospital registry of culture-positive patients with melioidosis hospitalized during a 10-year period (January 01, 2010, through January 31, 2021). Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium of <135 mmol/L, and severe hyponatremia as serum sodium <120 mmol/L. The association of hyponatremia with in-hospital mortality, need for intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mechanical ventilation was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 201 patients with melioidosis, 169 (84.1%) had hyponatremia, with severe hyponatremia in 35 (17.4%) patients. Older age (adjusted odds ratios [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00-1.06; <i>P</i> = 0.049) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (adjusted OR 3.30, 95% CI: 1.19-9.19; <i>P</i> = 0.02) were independently associated with hyponatremia. Twenty-two patients had been evaluated for cause of hyponatremia and of these, 11 (50%) had syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Severe hyponatremia was associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 3.75, 95% CI: 1.37-10.27; <i>P</i> = 0.01), need for ICU stay (adjusted OR 7.04, 95% CI: 2.88-17.19; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR 3.99, 95% CI: 1.54-10.32; <i>P</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hyponatremia occurs in 84.1% of hospitalized patients with melioidosis. Older age and AKI are associated with a higher incidence of hyponatremia. The presence of severe hyponatremia is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, need for mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/43/JGID-14-64.PMC9336597.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Onset Flaccid Paraplegia with Monocular Diminution of Vision in a Case of Chikungunya Infection.","authors":"Sahil Gupta,&nbsp;Shalesh Rohatgi,&nbsp;Prajwal Rao,&nbsp;Satish Nirhale,&nbsp;Pravin Naphade,&nbsp;Dhaval Dave,&nbsp;Furqan Khan,&nbsp;V V Sravya Kotaru,&nbsp;Prashant Dubey,&nbsp;Advait Gitay","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_292_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_292_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chikungunya is a common tropical viral infection in India. The majority of patients have limited systemic manifestations. Neurological manifestations of chikungunya may be due to direct viral infection or immune mediated. We present a case of a 45-year-old male who presented with acute onset paraplegia with diminution of vision in the right eye. A detailed evaluation revealed a diagnosis of chikungunya myeloradiculitis with viral keratitis. The patient was treated with steroids followed by intravenous immunoglobulin and had a good recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/37/JGID-14-81.PMC9336606.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melioidosis Presenting Predominantly as Thoracic Empyema.","authors":"Ngoc-Huyen Dao-Thi,&nbsp;Au Nguyen-Tiet,&nbsp;Lam Nguyen-Ho","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_211_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_211_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> has been rarely mentioned as a causative organism of thoracic empyema in previous literature. Here, we reported two cases (a 66-year-old male farmer and a 57-year-old male security guard) presenting with fever and pleuritic chest pain. Their chest computed tomography scans revealed pleural effusion which was frank pus confirmed through thoracentesis. The result of pus culture isolated <i>B. pseudomallei</i> suitable to diagnose melioidosis. These patients were treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics without chest tube drainage. Although uncommon, melioidosis could present exclusively as thoracic empyema.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/3f/JGID-14-87.PMC9336603.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Globe: Protecting Health-Care Workers from Aerosolized Infections.","authors":"Vivek Chauhan, Suman Thakur","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_37_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_37_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8996456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47432866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Crateriform Molluscum on Penis Masquerading as Keratoacanthoma","authors":"S. Baisya, S. Mallick, Devansi Sarawgi, Olympia Rudra","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_165_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_165_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}