Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Immune Mechanisms of Leprosy and Dermatophytosis Coexistence.","authors":"Aishwarya Jaodand, Manjaree Morgaonkar, Sanjeev Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-26-00063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-26-00063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 3","pages":"153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The UK Health System's Response to the Monkeypox Outbreak of 2022: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Harris Khan, Samir Kumar Sarker Rony, Venetia Aranha","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_215_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_215_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 2022 mpox outbreak represented a major shift in transmission dynamics, with sustained community spread occurring in several nonendemic countries, including the United Kingdom. Examining how nonendemic health systems responded to this outbreak is essential for strengthening preparedness for future emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines to synthesize evidence on the UK healthcare system's response to the 2022 mpox outbreak. Electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched for publications released between January and December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence was mapped across seven World Health Organization-aligned intervention domains relevant to outbreak preparedness and response. Eleven sources were included, comprising peer-reviewed studies and policy-relevant gray literature. Evidence was most frequently reported for infection prevention and control (<i>n</i> = 7), systems for identifying emerging and re-emerging infections (<i>n</i> = 6), and rapid data sharing and risk communication (<i>n</i> = 5). Moderate evidence addressed community engagement (<i>n</i> = 5) and vaccine and therapeutic capacity (<i>n</i> = 5). In contrast, only one source examined laboratory systems (<i>n</i> = 1), and no studies described structured surge capacity training for healthcare workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The UK response to the 2022 mpox outbreak demonstrated timely coordination, effective surveillance, and implementation of infection prevention measures in a nonendemic setting. However, important limitations remain, particularly in workforce surge capacity, domestic vaccine manufacturing, and evidence on postexposure vaccination effectiveness. Addressing these gaps is essential for strengthening health system resilience and preparedness for future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 3","pages":"112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of the Globe: Rediscovering Leptospirosis Beyond the Coasts - Lessons from the Humid Subtropics.","authors":"Sunil Chhajwani, Sarah R Temple","doi":"10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-26-00166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-26-00166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 3","pages":"103-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need-based Compared to Guidelines-based Fluid Administration in Dengue Patients with Warning Signs: An Open-label Randomized Study.","authors":"Manish Soneja, Paras Singla, Chaitanya, Ayush Agarwal, Adil Rashid Khan, Neeraj Nischal, Upendra Baitha, Pankaj Jorwal, Animesh Ray, Ashutosh Biswas, Naveet Wig","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_202_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_202_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fluid therapy is fundamental in dengue management. We evaluated an individualized, hemodynamic parameter-guided fluid strategy compared with standard World Health Organization (WHO) guideline-based care in dengue patients with warning signs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this open-label randomized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi (December 2019-October 2023), 80 adult dengue patients with warning signs were randomized (1:1) to receive either WHO guideline-based fluid therapy (control) or need-based therapy guided by noninvasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM) and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) (intervention). The primary outcome was hemodynamic stability assessed by systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure over 48 h. Secondary outcomes included hospital stay, progression to severe dengue, and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics were comparable across groups. The intervention arm demonstrated higher mean PP at 8 h (45.2 ± 11.6 mmHg vs. 39.8 ± 8.7 mmHg), 12 h (45 ± 11.3 mmHg vs. 38.9 ± 8.1 mmHg), and 24 h (44.1 ± 9.6 mmHg vs. 39.1 ± 6.6 mmHg) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). SBP was higher at 8 h (<i>P</i> = 0.02). However, progression to severe dengue (17.5% in both groups), hospital stay (5.4 vs. 5.5 days; <i>P</i> = 0.87), and mortality (none) were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although NICOM/POCUS-guided fluid therapy improved selected hemodynamic parameters, it did not translate into measurable improvements in clinical outcomes compared with WHO guideline-based care. Larger, multicenter studies powered for clinical endpoints in high-risk subgroups are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 3","pages":"146-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delays in Tuberculosis Care in the Indian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Janmejaya Samal, G S Preetha, Hari Singh","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_203_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_203_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Being harmful to patients, delayed diagnosis and treatment can spread tuberculosis (TB) in the community, posing a significant challenge to TB elimination efforts. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the median delays of TB care and the proportion of the Indian population experiencing these delays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data extraction and screening were conducted from August 1, 2024, to September 30, 2024, using PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ search engines. The pooled proportion of the Indian population experiencing the total delay in TB care was estimated, at a 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model that assumed potential heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 14 studies, 92.85% (<i>n</i> = 13) focused on drug-sensitive TB cases, and 7.15% (<i>n</i> = 1) focused on drug-resistant cases. Similarly, 64.28% (<i>n</i> = 9) of studies were cross-sectional, followed by 21.42% (<i>n</i> = 3) of retrospective studies. The estimated median patient delay is 20.5 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 15.3-25.0), the median diagnosis delay is 32.5 days (IQR: 30.0-37.0), the median treatment delay is 7.50 days (IQR: 2.75-12.8), and the median total delay is 45.5 days (IQR: 37.1-58.5). The pooled proportion of the Indian population experiencing total delay is estimated at 39% (95% CI: 17%-64%). With the random-effects model, high heterogeneity (I2 = 99%) was observed among the studies. The regression test for funnel plot asymmetry did not show statistical significance (z = 0.204, <i>P</i> = 0.838).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study can help program managers design strategies that can help in reducing delays in TB care in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 3","pages":"134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Condition has High Prevalence in Patients with Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Negatively Impacts Quality of Life.","authors":"Tobias Schlosser, Marco Krasselt, Martin Hecker, Babett Holler, Albrecht Hoffmeister","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_142_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_142_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pandemic situation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the associated disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) presents broad challenges. Post-COVID-19 condition represents a continuum of persistent symptoms following the acute course. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposes a definition with at least one symptom persisting for 3 months postonset. Negative affection toward quality of life (QoL) is frequently reported. Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatic diseases (RDs) are of scientific interest as immunologic factors and immunosuppressive therapy might influence QoL in post-COVID-19 conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult IMID patients (≥18 years) were offered participation in this study at our university outpatient center. Data collection was questionnaire-based and recorded individual COVID-19 history and persisting symptoms. QoL has been assessed by several standardized and validated patient-reported outcome measures (Short IBD Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire 4, 5Q-5D-5L).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 156 patients were included (117 [75%] with IBD, 39 [25%] with RDs). Eighty-one patients (51%) reported a positive COVID-19 history, mostly with mild courses. Only two (2%) required hospitalization, one requiring intensive care. Seven (9%) reported no symptoms, while 20 (25%) met the WHO criterion for post-COVID-19 condition; 19 (23%) were still suffering from post-COVID-19 at the time of data acquisition. Mean/median global QoL scores (scale from 0 [=lowest] to 100 [=highest]) were 71.5/75 in patients without post-COVID-19, compared to 61.9/60 in those with the condition. A one-sided <i>t</i>-test showed a significant association between post-COVID-19 and lower QoL (<i>P</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A relevant fraction of IMID patients suffered from post-COVID-19 condition. This condition negatively impacted the individual QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 3","pages":"122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling of Leptospirosis in the Humid Subtropical Climate of the Eastern Part of Northern India.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Sudhir Kumar Singh, Alka Shukla, Mayank Gangwar, Ranjeet Kumar Vishwakarma, Ashish R Singh, Sonam Rastogi, Akshay Kumar, Pradyot Prakash, Gopal Nath","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_244_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_244_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spirochetes and remains a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions of India. The humid subtropical climate of Eastern Uttar Pradesh favors its transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To assess the occurrence, demographic characteristics, seasonal trends, and epidemiological distribution of leptospirosis in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2430 clinically suspected cases. Serum samples were tested for Leptospira-specific IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic details, occupational exposure, seasonal variation, and district-wise distribution were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2430 suspected cases, 550 (22.6%) were IgM positive. Gender distribution was nearly equal (49.4% males; 50.5% females). The highest prevalence was observed in males aged 11-20 years and females aged 21-40 years, with overall higher positivity in the 11-30 years age group. Seasonal peaks occurred in October among males and November among females, correlating with monsoon and post-monsoon periods. Housewives, farmers, and students showed higher positivity rates, indicating domestic and agricultural risk factors. Cases were reported from 16 districts, with the highest positivity in Deoria (33.3%), Prayagraj (31.2%), and Azamgarh (23.6%). Increased seroprevalence was noted among residents living along the River Ganga in Varanasi.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leptospirosis is endemic in Eastern Uttar Pradesh with significant seasonal and occupational associations. Enhanced surveillance, early diagnosis, and targeted preventive strategies are essential to reduce disease burden in this subtropical region.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 3","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in <i>Clostridium Difficile</i> Infections Predict Mortality.","authors":"Aleksandra Młodożeniec, Martyna Mendyka, Anna Watras, Karol Skoczylas, Krzysztof Gargasz, Agnieszka Gala-Błądzińska","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_113_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_113_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Clostridium difficile</i> infections (CDIs) are among the most common causes of hospital diarrhea and are associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in hospitalized patients with CDI and its impact on the length of hospitalization and patient survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective single-center study at a hospital in the Subcarpathian region of Europe. We reviewed the medical data of 370 patients with confirmed CDI who stayed at the hospital between January 1, 2015, and April 1, 2024. Demographic data, laboratory values, comorbidities, treatments, and clinical outcomes were also collected. We independently compared the data of patients with NTIS and euthyroidism and independently between survivors and nonsurvivors. The statistical test used were Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test (with Pearson's or Yates' correction).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 370 patients, 113 (30%) were included in the study. Eighty-one (71.7%) patients presented with CDI accompanied by NTIS. The median age in both the CDI and NTIS groups was 82 years, and 51.8% of patients were female. NTIS was significantly associated with 3.7-fold higher odds of death compared to euthyroidism (odds ratio = 3.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-13.38; <i>P</i> = 0.036). Lower serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were also significantly associated with increased mortality (<i>P</i> = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low serum FT3 levels appear to be an independent marker of clinical deterioration and a predictor of mortality in patients with CDI and could be incorporated into the prognostic assessment of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 2","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Globe - Reframing the Role of Novel β-lactam/β-lactamase Inhibitors in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance.","authors":"Tanmoy Ghatak, Julio Arrieta","doi":"10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-26-00097","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-26-00097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 2","pages":"51-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Clinical Efficacy of Novel Beta-Lactam and Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Antibiotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohamed Hamed Elkholi, Mohamed Ibrahim Shoaib, Zeyad Alrais, Khalid Omar Hassan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_133_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_133_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluated the efficacy of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase (NβL/βLIs) combination <i>against Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries through April 20, 2025, and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing NβL/βLIs with best available therapy (BAT). Pediatric, noncomparative, and <i>in vitro</i> studies were excluded. We performed meta-analyses using random effects models to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), summarized using GRADE methodology. We included 22 RCTs with 11,238 participants. All RCTs except one were conducted worldwide between 2012 and 2025. Approximately 52% of participants used novel β-lactamase inhibitors. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the RoB 2 tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NβL/βLIs were as effective as BAT (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.95-1.31; <i>I</i> ² = 29%; 21 studies, 7630 participants). In multidrug resistance (MDR) infections, NβL/βLIs showed a trend toward benefit (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.95-1.58; <i>I</i>² =12%; 17 RCTs, 1713 participants). For microbiological cure, NβL/βLIs were superior (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.66; <i>I</i> ² = 68%; 22 studies), mainly due to improved efficacy in complicated tract infections. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Novel βL/-βLIs are as effective as BAT in treating <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections, including MDR strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 2","pages":"54-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}