Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory Cost Analysis of Conventional and Newer Molecular Tests for Diagnosis of Presumptive Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients.","authors":"Raj Narayan Yadav,&nbsp;Ajoy Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Gaurav Kaushik","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_309_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_309_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a deadliest infectious disease. Lack of rapid test with low cost is one of the important challenges to eradicate the TB. The objective of the study was to analyze the laboratory costs of conventional and newer molecular tests, for diagnosis of presumptive multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A detailed laboratory cost of various conventional tests (Ziehl - Neelsen [ZN] microscopy, light-emitting diode-fluorescent microscopy [LED-FM], culture and drug susceptibility testing [DST] using solid Lowenstein-Jensen media and liquid media [BACTEC MGIT 960]) was compared with rapid methods (GenoType MTBDR<i>plus</i> line probe assay [LPA] and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay). Laboratory cost was also calculated in terms of cost per TB and MDR-TB case detected by using different diagnostic scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cost per test for ZN microscopy, LED-FM, LPA, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, solid culture plus DST, liquid culture plus DST was found as $2.5 (INR 156.8), $2.0 (INR128.9), $18.6 (INR1210), $13.8 (INR 895.2), $21.5 (INR 1396.6), and $29.1 (INR 1888.2), respectively. The laboratory cost for detecting TB and MDR-TB by diagnostic scenarios involving molecular DST was found to be less as compared to involving only conventional liquid culture-based test.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The implementation of rapid molecular tests with selective use of liquid culture-based DST may be less in cost as compared to the use of culture-based DST alone, at high burden reference TB laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/21/JGID-14-93.PMC9552341.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility Desires and its Predictors among Persons Living with HIV in a Secondary Health Facility in Northcentral Nigeria.","authors":"Chikwendu Amaike,&nbsp;Tolulope Olumide Afolaranmi,&nbsp;Blessing Adaku Amaike,&nbsp;Hadiza Abigail Agbo,&nbsp;Olumide Abiodun","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), fertility desire which is the desire to have more children is increasing due to the improvement in quality of life and survival resulting from anti-retroviral treatment and also improved sexual and reproductive health services. Fertility desires can result in increased risk of HIV transmission, especially in unprotected heterosexual intercourse. There is limited information regarding the fertility desires and predictors among PLHIV in our environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was aimed at assessing the fertility desires and predictors in PLHIV in Northcentral Nigeria. Study was descriptive cross-sectional. Semi-structured interviewer administered pretested questionnaires was used to get information from 170 PLHIV accessing care in a secondary health-care facility selected by the systematic sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23.0. At 95% confidence interval (CI), a <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Chi-square and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fertility desire was found among 64.1% of the respondents. Younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2270; 95% CI = 0.0662-0.7791, <i>P</i> = 0.0184), having no child or a smaller number of children (OR = 0.0432; CI = 0.0046-0.4050; <i>P</i> = 0.0059) and suppressed viral loads (OR = 4.1069; CI = 1.1650-14.4784; <i>P</i> = 0.0280) were the predictors for fertility desire.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that PLHIV had high fertility desires but do not know any safe method of conception, hence intensified effort should be made by primary care providers and other health-care workers to include sexual and reproductive health counselling during routine HIV clinic visits to enable PLHIV make informed decision about their fertility desires.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/1d/JGID-14-106.PMC9552346.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33509946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Punched Out Ulcers and Scars over Glans: A Common Disease at Uncommon Site.","authors":"Pratik Dey,&nbsp;Sudip Mandal,&nbsp;Subhasmita Baisya,&nbsp;Subhadeep Mallick","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_35_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_35_22","url":null,"abstract":"A 40-year-old man presented with multiple asymptomatic ulcers over glans penis for the past 5 years. The ulcers used to heal with scarring. He denied any history of unprotected sexual exposure, any history of genital lesions, or discharge in his spouse; there was no history of trauma, drug intake, fever, cough, and constitutional symptoms with no personal or family history of tuberculosis. The patient was never vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/79/JGID-14-122.PMC9552343.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection among Adults after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Sameer Abdul Samad,&nbsp;Jyoti Jethani,&nbsp;Lalit Kumar,&nbsp;Aashish Choudhary,&nbsp;Megha Brijwal,&nbsp;Lalit Dar","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of morbidity among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, with RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection carrying high mortality rates. There have been no large studies till date, describing the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of RSV infection among adult HSCT recipients in India. Methods: A prospective cohort of 100 adults who underwent HSCT was followed up for a maximum period of 18 months starting from the date of transplantation for any episode of respiratory tract infectious disease (RTID). Respiratory samples were collected for laboratory confirmation of the presence and subtyping of RSV by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The study population comprised of 66% (66/100) males and 34% (34/100) females. Autologous HSCT recipients constituted 78% (78/100) and allogeneic HSCT recipients constituted 22% (22/100) of the study population. The incidence of RSV-RTID among adults after HSCT was 0.82/100 patient months. Most cases occurred during the winter season and the predominant subtype was RSV-A (9/11, 81.8%). Lower RTID was the most common clinical diagnosis made at presentation (9/11, 81.8%). Female gender was predictive of RSV-RTID (log rank P = 0.002). All the RSV-RTID episodes recovered completely without targeted therapy. Conclusion: RSV is a significant cause of morbidity among adult HSCT recipients in India. Prophylaxis and treatment measures need to be instituted after a proper risk-benefit assessment. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/25/JGID-14-112.PMC9552342.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptogenic Liver Abscess Caused by a K1 Serotype <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Isolate.","authors":"John J Psonis,&nbsp;Yamil Michelen,&nbsp;Kasturi Banerjee,&nbsp;Bettina C Fries,&nbsp;Sutthichai Sae-Tia","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_188_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_188_21","url":null,"abstract":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a common cause of pyogenic liver abscesses in Asia but is quite uncommon in North America. Among the cases described in North America, only occasional reports have described molecular strain typing to confirm the K1 strain as the causative agent. We report a 56-year-old Hispanic female with no previous intra-abdominal pathology and no recent travel, who presented with subacute abdominal pain and developed bacteremia and monomicrobial pyogenic liver abscess due to a community-acquired K1 serotype K. pneumoniae isolate. In this case, the infection was recognized early, so the patient was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Hvkp can cause severe invasive disease with high morbidity and mortality, and the recent emergence of multidrug resistance in these strains poses a serious threat to public health. In addition, the isolation of a K1 K. pneumoniae strain from a cryptogenic liver abscess in a Hispanic patient with no epidemiologic risk factors raises concern for a wider spread of the hypervirulent strain beyond Asian populations. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for hvKp infection in the Hispanic population can be crucial as the hypervirulent strain is likely to cause severe metastatic infection with significant morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6f/7a/JGID-14-117.PMC9552347.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gram Staining: A Simple Effective Tool for Diagnosis of Nocardiosis.","authors":"Nandakishore Baikunje,&nbsp;U Pratibha Bhat,&nbsp;Sruthi Vinayan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_96_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_96_22","url":null,"abstract":"RefeRences 1. World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. 2. Trampuz A, Jereb M, Muzlovic I, Prabhu RM. Clinical review: Severe malaria. Crit Care 2003;7:315-23. 3. Daneshvar C, Davis TM, Cox-Singh J, Rafa’ee MZ, Zakaria SK, Divis PC, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of human Plasmodium knowlesi infection. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:852-60. 4. Haydoura S, Mazboudi O, Charafeddine K, Bouakl I, Baban TA, Taher AT, et al. Transfusion-related Plasmodium ovale malaria complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a non-endemic country. Parasitol Int 2011;60:114-6. 5. Descheemaeker PN, Mira JP, Bruneel F, Houzé S, Tanguy M, Gangneux JP, et al. Near-fatal multiple organ dysfunction syndrome induced by Plasmodium malariae. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:832-4. 6. Kochar DK, Das A, Kochar SK, Saxena V, Sirohi P, Garg S, et al. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria: A report on serial cases from Bikaner in northwestern India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009;80:194-8. 7. Mohan A, Sharma SK, Bollineni S. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in malaria. J Vector Borne Dis 2008;45:179-93.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/dc/JGID-14-124.PMC9552348.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Triple Therapy versus Non-bismuth based Quadruple Therapy for the Eradication of <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> in Kuwait.","authors":"Ahmad Alfadhli,&nbsp;Mohamed Alboraie,&nbsp;Mostafa Afifi,&nbsp;Abhijit Dangi","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-induced chronic infection is associated with peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, and increasing antibiotic resistance. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of clarithromycin-based triple therapy and non-bismuth based quadruple therapy for eradicating <i>H. pylori</i> in patients with chronic gastritis in Kuwait.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled a total of 603 treatment-naive dyspeptic patients with gastric biopsy-proven chronic gastritis secondary to <i>H. pylori</i> in a prospective, open-label, randomized study. Patients were randomized into two groups: a group received the standard triple therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin) for 14 days and a group received quadruple therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole) for 14 days. All patients were tested for the eradication of <i>H. pylori</i> by carbon-13 urea breath test 1 month after eradication therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall eradication rate was 63.2%. The eradication rates in intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) population were 58.4% and 64.6%, respectively, in triple therapy group. In the quadruple therapy group, the eradication rates in ITT and PP population were 68.0% and 78.5%, respectively, with a statistically significant higher eradication rate in patients treated by quadruple therapy than the triple therapy (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that treatment regimen was the only significant predictor for successful <i>H. pylori</i> eradication. The most common adverse events were abnormal taste, headache, dizziness, and abdominal pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-bismuth based quadruple therapy is more effective than standard clarithromycin-based triple therapy for eradicating <i>H. pylori</i> in patients with chronic gastritis.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04617613.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/b4/JGID-14-99.PMC9552340.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33537208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Should RNA Viruses Have All the Fun - Monkeypox, a Close Relative of Smallpox and a DNA Virus.","authors":"Suman Thakur,&nbsp;Dhanashree Kelkar,&nbsp;Suneela Garg,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Raina,&nbsp;Fatimah Lateef,&nbsp;Ishwar Gilada,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar,&nbsp;Sanjeev Bhoi,&nbsp;Sagar Galwankar,&nbsp;Vivek Chauhan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_104_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_104_22","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at the potential of the two kinds of viruses, the RNA and DNA viruses, to cause epidemics and pandemics, the RNA viruses clearly stand out.[1] Some of the prominent RNA viruses in this category are Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza and H1N1 pandemics), Coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19 pandemics), Flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis, Dengue, yellow fever, West Nile fever), Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg), Paramyxoviruses (Nipah), and many more.[2] The DNA viruses have been present in and coevolved with humans for long periods and therefore rarely cause outbreaks and pandemics.[2] Most RNA viruses are zoonotic and many of them have recent zoonotic evolution making humans more susceptible to outbreaks from them.[1,2] Ever since the eradication of the dreaded DNA virus Variola major that caused smallpox (SPX), in 1980, none of the other DNA viruses have got much attention of public health professionals, international media, and public for being a cause of concern for global health security.[3]","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/0d/JGID-14-47.PMC9336599.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Adult Malarial Co-infections in Eastern India.","authors":"Saurabh Pandey,&nbsp;Priyanka Rai,&nbsp;Subhasish Kamal Guha,&nbsp;Ardhendu Maji,&nbsp;Subir Ghosh,&nbsp;Prantiki Halder,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Soumen Nath Halder,&nbsp;Dolanchampa Modak","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_279_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_279_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Co-infection with different agents such as bacterial, viral, and Rickettsia is being increasingly recognized due to greater availability and utilization of the diagnostic tests among malaria patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive admitted malarial cases were included and were subjected to test for general investigations, bacteria, typhoid, dengue, chikungunya, and rest for specific diagnosis. All patients were followed up till discharge or death and appropriate statistical tests were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 152 malaria patients were recruited and 27 (18.8%) had concurrent infections. It included 40.7% dengue only, 18.7% pneumonia, 11.1% urinary tract infection (UTI), 7.4% enteric fever, 3.7% leptospirosis, chikungunya, and tuberculous meningitis each, and 3.7% each of dengue with pneumonia and UTI. The organisms isolated were <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, Escherichia coli, <i>Salmonella typhi</i>,</i> and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</i> The mean duration of fever was 6.33 ± 3.63 days with a range of 3-20 days. Blood culture grew in 2 cases <i>S. typhi</i> and <i>K. pneumonia,e.</i> Dengue co-infections had significantly higher clinical and laboratory features of dengue and complications such as bleeding, jaundice, and cholecystitis, whereas rest concurrent infections had a significantly higher proportion of nausea and vomiting, convulsion, altered sensorium, productive cough, urinary symptoms, shock, acute kidney injury, anemia, and mean neutrophil count. There was significantly higher mortality among malaria-dengue concurrent infection group with 2 (15.4%) than malaria mono-infection group 3 (2.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-infections with malaria are not uncommon, especially dengue fever and other bacterial infections. The dominant clinical picture is of the superimposed infection. Decision should be clinically guided adjunct with specific diagnostic tests, and timely treatment has favorable outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/b1/JGID-14-57.PMC9336604.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Bacterial Colonization and Urinary Tract Infection after Indwelling of Double-J ureteral Stent and Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube.","authors":"Mitra Kar,&nbsp;Akanksha Dubey,&nbsp;Sangram Singh Patel,&nbsp;Tasneem Siddiqui,&nbsp;Ujjala Ghoshal,&nbsp;Chinmoy Sahu","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_276_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_276_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infections associated with catheter in the upper urinary tract (CUUT), which include the double-J stent and the percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube, get particularly infected in patients with specific risk factors for developing an infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was carried out by compiling data from the hospital information system of a tertiary care center from 2019 to 2021 to evaluate infections in patients with catheter in the upper urinary tract.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 200 pus samples of double-J stent (96 pus samples) and PCN tube (104 pus samples) were included in our study. Among patients with nephrostomy tube, the most frequently isolated microorganisms were <i>Escherichia coli</i>, followed by <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. In those with a double-J stent, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, followed by <i>E. coli</i> were the most commonly isolated microorganisms. We found 55.72% of cases of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>-producing carbapenemases in patients with a percutaneous catheter. 66.07% of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> in patients with double-J and nephrostomy stents are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. The percentage of cultures with multiple-drug resistance (MDR) microorganisms was 38.54% in patients with double-J stents and 37.75% in nephrostomy tubes. The presence of prior urinary tract infection (<i>P</i> = 0.010), presence of urinary catheter before admission (<i>P</i> = 0.005), increased time with single urinary catheter <i>in-situ</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and increased length of hospital stay (<i>P</i> = 0.036) were risk factors for isolation of MDR microorganisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> are commonly infecting both the CUUT. <i>E. coli</i> infections are more commonly infecting the nephrostomy tubes. MDR microorganisms are frequent, mainly in patients with prior urinary tract infection, presence of urinary catheter before admission, and prolonged use of a single catheter.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/1d/JGID-14-75.PMC9336602.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}