Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Bradycardia in Severe <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Malaria.","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Agrawal, Sandipta Kumar Panda, Shiv Sagar Yadav","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_198_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_198_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"66-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Genotyping of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children <5 Years in Sikkim, North East India.","authors":"Shrijana Gurung, Ananya Chatterjee, Ruth Yonzan, Agniva Majumdar, Tashi Pegey Chhophel, Ekta Tewari, Dhruva Kumar Sharma, Hasina Banu, Mamta Chawla Sarkar, Shanta Dutta","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_91_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_91_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rotavirus is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis in young children. It is seasonal in many countries but occurs year-round in India.Since the launch of the Rotavirus Vaccine (RVV) morbidity and mortality in children have greatly decreased. This study was carried out prior to the inclusion of RVV in the state vaccination schedule in 2019. The objective of the study was to estimate the burden of Rota Virus Gastroeneteritis in kids under 5 years of age, attending a government tertiary care hospital in the state and to identify the common circulating genotypes of Rotavirus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool samples from children with more than three episodes of loose stool that were negative for bacterial enteric pathogens were tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Rotavirus antigen. Positive stool samples were transported to the Regional Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory at National Institute for Cholera and Enteric Diseases for genotyping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>200 stool samples were screened and 40 samples (20%) were positive for Rotavirus antigen by ELISA. G3P [8] - 33% (9/27), followed by G1P[8] -15%(4/27) and G2P4 - 11%( 3/27) were the most common genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rotavirus is a significant cause of gastroenteritis in children under five years of age in the Indian state of Sikkim.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Due to Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Young Patient with AIDS.","authors":"Zachary Mostel, James Speed Rogers, Sushrita Neogi","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_150_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_150_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening syndrome of immune dysregulation that results in multiorgan failure; HIV and histoplasmosis are known triggers of HLH. A young patient with AIDS was found to have disseminated histoplasmosis and met criteria for HLH. Despite 10 days of treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, she developed shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome and ultimately died. The few reported cases of HLH due to histoplasmosis in AIDS offer a variety of treatment approaches. There have been successful outcomes combining amphotericin with chemotherapies for HLH. Targeted therapies for HLH may be considered on a case-by-case basis in the setting of concurrent disseminated histoplasmosis and HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"63-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers as a Correlate of Protection for Influenza: A Sensitivity Analysis Based on Information Theory and Causal Inference.","authors":"Fenny Ong, Geert Molenberghs, Andrea Callegaro, Wim Van Der Elst, Geert Verbeke, Florian Stijven, Ingrid Van Keilegom, Ariel Alonso Abad","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_89_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_89_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Identifying hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers as a key immune correlate of protection (CoP) is crucial for developing, licensing, and monitoring the ongoing effectiveness of new influenza vaccines. Using a new statistical methodology, we explored the link between an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine's impact on HI antibody titers and its effectiveness against A/H1N1-associated influenza illness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized data from a phase 3, observer-blind, randomized, controlled trial in children aged 6-35 months to assess HI antibody titers as an immune CoP. The assessment used a statistical method developed within a causal inference framework and a new information-theoretic metric of surrogacy, the so-called individual causal association (ICA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 75% and 85% uncertainty intervals of the ICA are 0.5511-0.8282 and 0.3632-0.8684, respectively, indicating a substantial reduction in the uncertainty about the vaccine's effect on the absence of infection when its impact on the HI antibody titers is known.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evaluation yielded evidence supporting the validity of HI antibody titers as a CoP for influenza infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revised Leprosy Guidelines in India: A Balancing Act of Pros and Cons.","authors":"Vandna Kumari, Shahzad Beg Mirza","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_158_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_158_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"186-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Cholecystitis and Fetal Loss Due to <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in Early Pregnancy.","authors":"Mansoor C Abdullah, Hashim Ahmed Ba Wazir, Satish Laxmanrao Ghugey, Ali Al Maqbali, Amal Ibrahim Abdel Latif Mohamed","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_144_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_144_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"187-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of the Globe: The Global Challenge of Hepatitis B and C Coinfection.","authors":"Suman Thakur, Rose V Goncalves","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_219_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_219_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"125-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Clinical Outcomes with Appropriate Meropenem De-escalation in Patients with Febrile Neutropenia.","authors":"Tyler Luu, Austin Fan, Reid Shaw, Hina Dalal, Jenna Adams, Maressa Santarossa, Gail Reid, Stephanie Tsai, Nina M Clark, Fritzie S Albarillo","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_192_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_192_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antibiotic stewardship is a critical aspect of managing cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) to limit the development of drug-resistant organisms and minimize adverse drug effects. Thus, it has been recommended that patients with FN receiving empiric antibiotics should be re-evaluated for safe antibiotic de-escalation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects treated with meropenem for febrile neutropenia who met Loyola University Medical Center's (LUMC) criteria for de-escalation were stratified based on whether meropenem was de-escalated, and 30-day all-cause mortality for both groups was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>181 patients met criteria for meropenem de-escalation. Sixty patients (31.3%) were ade-escalated (MDE), and 121 subjects were not (NDE). The 30-day all-cause mortality was 8.3% (<i>n</i> = 5/60 subjects) in the MDE group and 2.4% (<i>n</i> = 3/121) in the NDE group but was not statistically significant (<i>P</i>=0.1). Median hospital length of stay was 13 days in the MDE group versus 20 days in the NDE group (<i>P</i> = 0.049). CDI rate was also lower in the de-escalated group. In addition, consultations by infectious diseases physicians were more common in the de-escalation group. Logistic regression model demonstrated positive culture (OR 4.78, <i>P</i> = 0.03), including positive blood culture (OR 8.05, <i>P</i> = 0.003), and GVHD (OR 19.44, <i>P</i> = 0.029), and were associated with high rates of appropriate de-escalation. Immunosuppression (OR 0.22, <i>P</i> = 0.004) was associated with lower rates of appropriate de-escalation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Appropriate meropenem de-escalation in FN patients is safe and can result in improved clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coinfection of Hepatitis B and C Viruses and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Abdullah A Awadh, Abdulrahman A Alharthi, Basil A Alghamdi, Seraj T Alghamdi, Mohammed K Baqays, Ibrahim S Binrabaa, Israa A Malli","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_211_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_211_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatitis B and C are viral infections causing chronic liver inflammation and, when left untreated, lead to cirrhosis and a risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of primary liver cancer with high mortality. The hepatitis B virus-hepatitis C virus (HBV-HCV) coinfection leads to a faster progression to advanced liver diseases and higher hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk than monoinfection. Unlike the relative risk for HCC due to either HBV or HCV, no recent analysis of the risk for HBV-HCV coinfection exists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on PRISMA recommendations and guidelines, we developed a search strategy by combining the keywords (\"hepatitis B\") and (\"hepatitis C\") and (\"hepatocellular carcinoma\" or \"liver cancer\"). First, we performed a title and abstract screening and, later, a full-text screening. We extracted the demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, study design, sample size, country, and biomarkers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA, HBeAg, anti-HCV, and HCV RNA. The data were assessed for quality, and the Review Manager software was used for the meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 63 studies. The pooled analysis showed that the risk of HCC was significantly higher in the case-cohort who were positive for HBsAg (odds ratio [OR] = 9.70 [3.75, 25.12], <i>P</i> = 0.0001), HBV DNA or HBeAg (OR = 22.77 [10.00, 51.88], <i>P</i> = 0.0001), HBV and HCV coinfection (OR = 46.07 [26.33, 80.60], <i>P</i> = 0.0001) than the control cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic HBV and HCV infections are major risk factors for HCC, and their coinfection was significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC than monoinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Colonization in Neonates within Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Seraphine Nkie Esemu, Arnol Bowo-Ngandji, Roland Ndip Ndip, Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla Akoachere, Nene Kaah Keneh, Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo, Cyprien Kengne-Ndé, Donatien Serge Mbaga, Nicholas Tendongfor, Hortense Kamga Gonsu, Jean Paul Assam Assam, Lucy Mande Ndip","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_95_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_95_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) colonization in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is a significant global health concern, leading to severe infections, extended hospital stays, and substantial economic burdens on health-care systems. To develop effective infection control strategies, we need to fill existing gaps in our understanding of MRSA epidemiology in neonates. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an extensive analysis of the proportion of MRSA colonizations in NICUs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a comprehensive search strategy across databases such as Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were independently reviewed and selected based on a variety of criteria, including the inclusion of neonates tested for MRSA colonization during NICU stay, and the reporting of community-acquired and hospital-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA) incidence levels. Exclusion criteria included studies outside NICUs, those focused on specific MRSA outbreaks or clinical infections, review studies, and those lacking abstracts or full texts. Five authors independently extracted data, which was summarized and checked for quality. Statistical analysis included a random-effects model to compute pooled proportions, stratification by geographical location, evaluation of heterogeneity, and examination of publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic review evaluated 62 studies out of an initial 536 records identified. The majority of the selected studies were conducted in high-income countries, primarily in the United States. From these studies, we estimated a cumulative incidence rate of 7.2% for MRSA colonization in NICUs. When the source of MRSA was considered, CA-MRSA incidence was 2.7%, while HA-MRSA incidence was notably higher at 11%. A subgroup analysis showed geographical differences in the cumulative incidence of MRSA colonization in NICUs, with Brazil having the lowest incidence and Taiwan the highest. The proportion of HA-MRSA colonization also varied significantly by country, with South Korea reporting higher incidence rates than the United States. However, the differences in CA-MRSA colonization rates between countries and WHO regions were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our systematic review found a cumulative incidence of 7.2% for MRSA colonization in NICUs, with HA-MRSA (11%) being more prevalent than CA-MRSA (2.7%). Regional variations were detected, with Taiwan exhibiting the highest cumulative incidence and South Korea having both the highest CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. These findings underline the substantial public health impact of MRSA, especially in NICUs, necessitating context-specific prevention and control strategies. Future research should strive to address these regiona","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"160-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}