Global Policy最新文献_第4页

Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence Regulations for Deforestation-Free Value Chains? Exploring the Implementation of the EU Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products in the Cocoa and Coffee Sectors of Peru 无毁林价值链的人权和环境尽职调查法规？探索在秘鲁可可和咖啡行业实施欧盟无毁林产品法规

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70009

Jimena Solar, Yovita Ivanova, Christoph Oberlack

{"title":"Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence Regulations for Deforestation-Free Value Chains? Exploring the Implementation of the EU Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products in the Cocoa and Coffee Sectors of Peru","authors":"Jimena Solar, Yovita Ivanova, Christoph Oberlack","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The EU Regulation on Deforestation-free Products (EUDR), which aims to minimize the contribution of the EU to global deforestation, is facing challenges in its implementation. One such challenge lies in applying the required due diligence provisions in producer countries such as Peru, where the impacts of the EUDR may be significant. Peru has a prominent tropical forest area and exports most of its cocoa and coffee to the EU, crops which are grown mainly by smallholder farming families and Indigenous communities. This study explores the ongoing implementation of the EUDR in Peru, through a case study in the country's cocoa and coffee sectors. Our results show that the process of implementing the EUDR involves complex challenges related to legality and due diligence, geolocation of plots, implementation costs, and country-risk benchmarking. Implementing the EUDR may also result in systemic changes in production practices and potentially prompt identifying possibilities to complement the EUDR through multistakeholder approaches and by providing opportunities to smallholders through agroforestry systems and carbon certifications. More generally, our study contributes to the timely debate on the EUDR and other due diligence regulations, by showing that the EUDR implementation process needs to ensure its enforcement at the local level in producer countries to enable its objectives and to strengthen international forest governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"602-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Could Deploy Stratospheric Aerosol Injection? The United States, China, and Large-Scale, Rapid Planetary Cooling 谁能部署平流层气溶胶注入？美国、中国和大规模、快速的行星冷却

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70015

Joshua B. Horton, Wake Smith, David W. Keith

{"title":"Who Could Deploy Stratospheric Aerosol Injection? The United States, China, and Large-Scale, Rapid Planetary Cooling","authors":"Joshua B. Horton, Wake Smith, David W. Keith","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stratospheric aerosol injection, which would reflect a small fraction of sunlight away from the Earth to lower temperatures, involves many unanswered questions. One of these is, who could deploy it? We consider this with reference to a scenario in which global temperatures are reduced by 1°C by midcentury; we term this a ‘PLUS’ deployment—Planetary, Large-scale, Uninterrupted, and Speedy. The technical requirements of a PLUS deployment—a fleet of a hundred or more specialized aircraft—limit the number of capable actors to ten states. The geopolitical requirements—broad-spectrum capabilities sufficient to overcome external constraints—mean that only the US and China are capable of implementing unilaterally against strong opposition. As such, the US and China will be decisive in determining whether and how a PLUS-type deployment takes place. In particular, the degree of Sino-American alignment on this issue will strongly influence the likelihood of a PLUS deployment and its disruptive potential. We examine three cases in which activities with the potential to harm global commons were debated during the Cold War: scientific research in Antarctica, atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, and experiments in outer space. Backed by evidence from these cases, we then consider several implications of our findings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"514-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing Utu as a Foreign Policy Doctrine for Aotearoa New Zealand 将Utu概念化为新西兰的外交政策原则

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70010

Nicholas Ross Smith, Bonnie Holster

{"title":"Conceptualizing Utu as a Foreign Policy Doctrine for Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Nicholas Ross Smith, Bonnie Holster","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During Nanaia Mahuta's tenure as New Zealand's Foreign Minister (2020–2023), Aotearoa New Zealand experimented with a foreign policy guided by four tikanga (Māori customary practices), namely, manaakitanga (hospitality), whanaungatanga (connectedness), mahi tahi and kotahitanga (unity through collaboration), and kaitiakitanga (intergenerational guardianship). However, despite a clear rhetorical increase in the use of Māori perspectives, in practice, New Zealand's foreign policymaking remained ontologically and epistemologically Western-centric. This paper argues that if New Zealand undertakes further experimentation with a Māori foreign policy in the future, then embracing the Māori concept of utu—broadly defined as the notion of balance through reciprocation—would provide a useful ontological and epistemological base. Using the case of the Whanganui River as a domestic example, an utu foreign policy is sketched out with an emphasis on harmony, mana, and reciprocity. Utu as a foreign policy doctrine would represent a radical departure from the status quo as it is both relational and non-anthropocentric—as opposed to Western-centric models that are anthropocentric and “scientific”—and would allow New Zealand to maintain its preference for independence as well as bringing the issue of climate change to the fore of its foreign policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"568-578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Busting the Myth of Convergence Between the EU and LAC Countries: Analysis From UN Resolutions 打破欧盟与拉美国家趋同的神话：来自联合国决议的分析

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13491

Rafael Mesquita, Bruno Theodoro Luciano

{"title":"Busting the Myth of Convergence Between the EU and LAC Countries: Analysis From UN Resolutions","authors":"Rafael Mesquita, Bruno Theodoro Luciano","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.13491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13491","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Politicians and scholars have often considered Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean as like-minded, natural partners, characterized not only by historical and cultural ties, but also by shared values and principles. This article aims to test the extent to which EU-LAC convergence is a reality by comparing the agreement between both regions in multilateral arenas. Specifically, we explore the similarity in roll-call votes and cosponsorship of draft resolutions at the UN General Assembly from 2000 to 2020. EU-LAC convergence on those metrics is placed into perspective by comparing similarities across all UN regional groups. Furthermore, our analysis zooms in on the content of the proposals to detect the issues that have caused greater divergence/convergence between EU-LAC. We find that the two regions continuously cooperate on the rights of the child, but are increasingly at odds with regard to topics such as human rights and armaments. The realist tone of these themes suggests that a normative Europe has met an emerging geopolitical Europe that is increasingly concerned with security-related issues. We trace this new agenda to the rising challenges in Europe's external relations, from protectionism to the Russia–Ukraine war, and see the diminishing EU-LAC convergence as its multilateral expression.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"589-601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Development of Japan's Indo-Pacific Strategy: Security Concerns and Instrumental Principles 日本印太战略的发展：安全关切与工具原则

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70006

Hidetaka Yoshimatsu

{"title":"The Development of Japan's Indo-Pacific Strategy: Security Concerns and Instrumental Principles","authors":"Hidetaka Yoshimatsu","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) has served as Japan's central diplomatic vision since its launch in 2016. This paper examines how and why Japan's FOIP has evolved in response to changing strategic environments since its inception. This paper addresses this question by examining the three versions of FOIP and analyzing the evolving positions of key components in terms of policy objectives and means, from its inception under the Abe administration in the summer of 2016 to its modification under the Kishida administration through the fall of 2024. It argues that, while promoting the rule of law has consistently remained a core policy objective, an emphasis on addressing security concerns has varied across different phases of FOIP's evolution. Furthermore, the paper asserts that fundamental values were de-emphasized as instrumental components, whereas inclusiveness and diversity gained prominence as guiding principles for achieving FOIP's goals. These shifts were shaped by Japan's relationships with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China, as well as by global factors including the Ukraine War and the increasing importance of the Global South. Through its FOIP, Japan must actively encourage greater participation from developing countries in the Global South to uphold the liberal international order.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"579-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trade Finance Gap: Why Credit Risk Mitigants Are Not Applied 贸易融资缺口：为什么不采取信贷风险缓解措施

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70017

Elvira Bobillo-Carballo, Alfredo Arahuetes García

{"title":"Trade Finance Gap: Why Credit Risk Mitigants Are Not Applied","authors":"Elvira Bobillo-Carballo, Alfredo Arahuetes García","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Banks play a vital role in global trade. However, an existing gap persists in fulfilling the demand for trade finance transactions, predominantly in developing countries with high credit and country risks. These risks can be hedged with credit risk mitigants (CRMs). This study aims to identify and analyse the barriers preventing banks from using CRMs. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with trade finance bankers from various regions. Our study shows that, despite the availability, banks do not always use CRMs efficiently. The findings reveal a comprehensive set of factors influencing the decision to decline trade financing requests, categorised into three groups: regulatory, organisational and individual constraints. The implications of our research suggest that by managing CRMs more effectively, banks could approve more transactions, helping to close the trade finance gap. This study offers substantial contributions to the existing trade finance literature. It holds significant implications for financial institutions and a diverse spectrum of stakeholders, including exporters, importers, development banks, export credit agencies, insurance companies and policymakers. Additionally, it underscores the need for harmonised global policies to ensure consistent regulatory frameworks and facilitate smoother trade finance transactions worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"630-643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scoping Existing National Policy Recognition of Future Generations: Prospects for Future Global Climate Justice 界定现有国家政策对子孙后代的认识：未来全球气候正义的前景

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70007

Edward A. Morgan, Megan Crichton, Gwynn MacCarrick, Elise Stephenson, Susan Harris Rimmer

{"title":"Scoping Existing National Policy Recognition of Future Generations: Prospects for Future Global Climate Justice","authors":"Edward A. Morgan, Megan Crichton, Gwynn MacCarrick, Elise Stephenson, Susan Harris Rimmer","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change impacts are increasing globally. A climate justice perspective highlights that impacts are unevenly felt, with vulnerable groups and future generations facing significantly greater impacts even if current goals are met. Recognition of future generations in policy is attracting increasing attention internationally, with the United Nations General Assembly adopting a resolution on the Pact for the Future in September 2024. However, there has been little research into the current state of existing future generations policy around the world, and how these existing policies might support or hinder climate action. The aim of this article is to compare and contrast national legislation and policies that consider future generations and relate these to key climate change policy areas. Targeted website searches located 59 national constitutions and 44 national and international policy documents that acknowledged future generations. Analysis of the context in which future generations are mentioned shows that it is commonly linked to natural resource and environmental issues that are aligned with the human system impacts highlighted by the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report. The results suggest that greater focus on future generations could support a climate justice and greater climate action.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"525-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Future of Deadly Synthetic Opioids: Nitazenes and Their International Control 致命的合成阿片类药物的未来：nitazene及其国际管制

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70000

Nicholas Lassi, Su Jiang

{"title":"The Future of Deadly Synthetic Opioids: Nitazenes and Their International Control","authors":"Nicholas Lassi, Su Jiang","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitazenes, a class of highly potent illicit synthetic opioids, represent an escalating global public health threat due to their increasing consumption and rising occurrence of overdose mortality connected with their use. This study evaluates the dangers posed by nitazenes, details gaps in their current international and national regulatory and enforcement measures, and proposes solutions to diminish their impact. Focusing on China and India, the two states most linked with nitazene production, the United States, the primary consumer market, and the United Nations, this research details the challenges involved in controlling these substances. Central issues include the pace of the emergence of new analogs, regulatory inconsistencies across jurisdictions, and the limited capabilities in toxicological testing. Proposed strategies for improved control include compound-wide bans, unifying national laws with international standards, and enhanced toxicology testing capabilities for emergency responders and forensic laboratories. These findings stress the need for an adaptive and coordinated response to meet the evolving nitazene threat, with implications for public health, addiction research, and international regulatory systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"669-681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should Eminence Outweigh Evidence? The Global Preparedness Monitoring Board's Report on Pandemic Preparedness 卓越应该重于证据吗？全球防范监测委员会关于大流行病防范的报告

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70016

David Bell, Garrett Wallace Brown, Blagovesta Tacheva, Jean von Agris

{"title":"Should Eminence Outweigh Evidence? The Global Preparedness Monitoring Board's Report on Pandemic Preparedness","authors":"David Bell, Garrett Wallace Brown, Blagovesta Tacheva, Jean von Agris","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Global Pandemic Monitoring Board (GPMB) is a group of eminent individuals publishing reports calling for increased emphasis on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response (PPPR). They advocate for the World Health Organization's (WHO) PPPR preferred approach and its attendant financial requests. Though claiming independence, GPMB is co-convened by WHO and the World Bank. The GPMB report of January 2025 displays a selective approach in which drivers of increased outbreak risk are emphasized while drivers mitigating risk are ignored. The impression, reinforced by the GPMB's conclusions, is of an inexorable increase in pandemic risk. In ignoring the balance between various epidemiological and behavioral drivers, the predictions promoted through the report are divorced from real-world expectation. Claims that “Individualism” is a major driver of risk, and misinformation an important promoter of harm, are backed by a weak evidence base. This raises important concerns regarding human rights and the arbitration of correct and incorrect information by specific institutions. The use of eminent committees such as GPMB to advocate to governments and media risks undermining the role of evidence in public health policymaking. WHO should consider requiring a structured approach emphasizing costs and benefits, leaving advocacy to Member States in their own context.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":"410-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commercialization, Criminality, and Coordination: Space Trade Lessons From ‘The Expanse’ 商业化、犯罪和协调：太空贸易的经验教训

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70021

Youssef Ait Benasser

引用次数: 0