将Utu概念化为新西兰的外交政策原则

IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Nicholas Ross Smith, Bonnie Holster
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在Nanaia Mahuta担任新西兰外交部长期间(2020-2023年),新西兰Aotearoa试行了以四种tikanga (Māori习俗)为指导的外交政策,即manaakitanga(好客)、whanaungatanga(联系)、mahi tahi和kotahitanga(通过合作实现团结)以及kaitiakitanga(代际监护)。然而,尽管在使用Māori观点方面有明显的修辞上的增加,但在实践中,新西兰的外交政策制定在本体论和认识论上仍然以西方为中心。本文认为,如果新西兰在未来对Māori外交政策进行进一步的实验,那么接受Māori的utu概念——广泛定义为通过互惠实现平衡的概念——将提供一个有用的本体论和认识论基础。以旺格努伊河为例,概述了强调和谐、管理和互惠的乌干达外交政策。作为一种外交政策学说,Utu将代表着对现状的彻底背离,因为它既是关系型的,又是非人类中心主义的——与以人类中心主义和“科学”为中心的西方中心主义模式相反——它将允许新西兰保持其对独立的偏好,并将气候变化问题置于其外交政策的首位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Conceptualizing Utu as a Foreign Policy Doctrine for Aotearoa New Zealand

Conceptualizing Utu as a Foreign Policy Doctrine for Aotearoa New Zealand

During Nanaia Mahuta's tenure as New Zealand's Foreign Minister (2020–2023), Aotearoa New Zealand experimented with a foreign policy guided by four tikanga (Māori customary practices), namely, manaakitanga (hospitality), whanaungatanga (connectedness), mahi tahi and kotahitanga (unity through collaboration), and kaitiakitanga (intergenerational guardianship). However, despite a clear rhetorical increase in the use of Māori perspectives, in practice, New Zealand's foreign policymaking remained ontologically and epistemologically Western-centric. This paper argues that if New Zealand undertakes further experimentation with a Māori foreign policy in the future, then embracing the Māori concept of utu—broadly defined as the notion of balance through reciprocation—would provide a useful ontological and epistemological base. Using the case of the Whanganui River as a domestic example, an utu foreign policy is sketched out with an emphasis on harmony, mana, and reciprocity. Utu as a foreign policy doctrine would represent a radical departure from the status quo as it is both relational and non-anthropocentric—as opposed to Western-centric models that are anthropocentric and “scientific”—and would allow New Zealand to maintain its preference for independence as well as bringing the issue of climate change to the fore of its foreign policy.

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来源期刊
Global Policy
Global Policy Multiple-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
10.50%
发文量
125
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