Global Policy最新文献

{"title":"The New Technopolitics of War: (Re)imagining Agency and Authority in Military Affairs","authors":"Daniel Møller Ølgaard","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growing fascination with so-called emerging and disruptive technologies (EDT) such as artificial intelligence (AI) is already transforming military affairs in profound ways, even if these technologies are not yet properly integrated into military practices and organizations. To make sense of this, the paper examines the sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs) tied to military EDTs and considers their broader political implications. Concretely, it interrogates two distinct albeit interrelated perspectives on how war and military affairs are currently being (re)imagined in light of new technological developments. These are: (1) the emergence of new forms of agency that arise in the interplay between combatants and AI and (2) new forms of political authority that emerge from the growing influence of technology corporations on STIs of war and military affairs. Together, these examples showcase the multifaceted ways in which STIs become entangled with and shape technopolitical transformations in the context of war and military affairs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"474-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperation Across International Organizations: Effects of Regime Complexity on the Quadripartite of One Health","authors":"Katharina Lobermeyer","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent IR literature, the term “regime complexity” has described the phenomenon that international regimes are increasingly overlapping, involving more institutions and actors. Pandemic prevention using a One Health approach represents one example of regime complexity as health threats for humans, animals, and ecosystems become more intertwined, causing a need for widely integrated governance systems. The self-called “Quadripartite of One Health,” consisting of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, former OIE) represents a unique collaboration in a situation of regime complexity and global health threats. These cooperative structures that evolved along the COVID-19 pandemic were scrutinized by analyzing semi-structured interviews with 10 employees of the organizations and 15 official documents of the four institutions using a tailor-made analysis framework derived from three selected dimensions of regime complexity: competition, legal inconsistencies, and fragmented accountability. Regime complexity is likely causing negative as well as positive effects on the Quadripartite collaboration, confirming some of the selected arguments of regime complexity literature. It was found that despite their efforts to make use of the positive effects that regime complexity brings about, like data-sharing, exchange of expertise, and increased innovation, several negative effects like discrepancies in terms of rules, procedures, human and financial resources, and understandings of mandates, as well as competition and protectionism, were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"454-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the In-Between Space: The Roles of Chinese Think Tanks in Artificial Intelligence Governance","authors":"Qiaochu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the global landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance rapidly evolves, research has increasingly moved beyond state-centric perspectives to investigate the role of non-state actors. This paper focuses on an underexplored category of such actors: think tanks, specifically two prominent Chinese institutions—the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) and the Centre for International Security and Strategy (CISS). Drawing on the Communities of Practice (CoPs) approach, this study investigates how these think tanks shape the emerging governance framework for AI technologies by leveraging their position at the boundaries between various CoPs. Specifically, this position of in-betweenness enables them to influence AI governance through acting as boundary brokers. They bridge different Chinese CoPs—including the government, the private sector, and academia—and, in some cases, international CoPs, facilitating engagement and exchange across these communities. This paper also finds that due to differences in their organisational types and relationships with the Chinese government, CAICT and CISS influence AI governance in subtly distinct ways. This paper contributes to CoP scholarship by examining its applicability in an authoritarian context and is among the first to provide a timely empirical analysis of the role of Chinese think tanks in AI governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"494-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Startups Envisioning Algorithmic Warfare: The Discourses of US Tech Companies in Defense AI","authors":"Anna Nadibaidze","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United States (US) military is increasingly collaborating with startups that position themselves as key providers of security technologies, especially technologies under the umbrella term artificial intelligence (AI). As startups specializing in defense AI development increase their influence, portray themselves as authoritative actors, and follow a distinct financial logic from larger defense companies, International Relations (IR) literature needs to investigate these relatively new actors. Inspired by Science and Technology Studies scholarship in IR, this article focuses on the discourses performed by tech startups publicly, arguing that the distinct financial logic underpinning startups, especially those funded by venture capital, incentivizes these actors to engage in discourses which in turn (re)produce and normalize certain visions of algorithmic warfare. Based on an analysis of open-access sources contextualized by expert interviews, the article first discusses the significance of tech startups in defense AI development. Second, it maps out six key US-based actors in this field. Third, it analyzes the main themes featuring in these startups' discourses, namely portraying AI technologies as solutions to the complexities of warfare, championing AI development as a deterrent against the US' competitors, and advocating for changes in US defense acquisition. It concludes with the policy implications of such discourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"487-493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Yes-Men: How to Deal With Sycophantic Military AI?","authors":"Jonathan Kwik","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Militaries have increasingly embraced decision-support AI for targeting and other planning tasks. An emerging risk identified with respect to these models is ‘sycophancy’: the tendency of AI to align their outputs with their user's views or preferences, even if this view is incorrect. This paper offers an initial perspective on sycophantic AI in the military domain, and identifies the different technical, organisational and operational elements at play to inform more granular research. It examines the phenomenon technically, the risks it introduces to military operations, and the different courses-of-action militaries can take to mitigate this risk. It theorises that sycophancy is militarily deleterious both in the short and long term, by aggravating existing cognitive biases and inducing organisational overtrust, respectively. The paper then explores two main approaches to mitigation that can be taken: technical intervention at the model/design level (e.g., through finetuning), and user training. It theorises that user training is an important complementary measure to technical intervention, since sycophancy can never be comprehensively addressed only at the design stage. Finally, the paper conceptualises tools and procedures militaries could develop to minimise the negative effects sycophantic AI could have on users' decision-making should sycophancy manifest despite all prior efforts at mitigation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"467-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Scholars on Emerging Technologies in International Security: Introduction to Part 1","authors":"Anna Nadibaidze,&nbsp;Ingvild Bode","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70058","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, cyber, quantum, and robotics have wide-ranging implications for world politics, international security, and warfare. These potential impacts, whether in terms of opportunities or challenges, deserve to be comprehensively examined not only across disciplines, but also across generations of scholars. The two-part special section “Emerging Scholars on Emerging Technologies in International Security” contributes to ongoing efforts of conceptualizing emerging technologies in international security by bringing together the research of early career scholars working in this space. It disseminates ideas from a new generation of thinkers in an area that is growing in importance and relevance for world politics. The first part of this special section includes five articles, each with different theoretical and empirical areas of focus, but all written by early career researchers in the spirit of exploring the diversity of topics under the umbrella term of “emerging technologies.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kwik draws attention to the risks of sycophancy, defined as a tendency exhibited by AI models to produce outputs that match the user's views, despite being factually misleading or wrong. As Kwik demonstrates, sycophancy in military applications of AI is an understudied phenomenon which deserves attention due to the risks it produces in warfare. To mitigate these risks, such as military personnel's over trust in AI models, Kwik recommends a combination of technical measures and educational tools to train users on operating AI systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ølgaard explores the dynamics and interactions between particular imaginaries surrounding emerging technologies in global security. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies (STS), Ølgaard's contribution highlights the presence of these imaginaries in the discourses of both states (the United States) and international institutions (NATO). This analysis of what Ølgaard calls “the new technopolitics of war” convincingly shows that the coconstitution of technology and politics happening across these imaginaries is critical to understand both the formation of certain types of agency in human-machine interactions as well as of authority in public-private relations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imre-Millei investigates how Canadian operators of uncrewed aerial vehicles, or drones, view military identity and ethics of drone use. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, Imre-Millei's analysis finds that Canadian drone operators perceive their roles as part of their combat arms identity, while connecting this identity to how they understand the role of the Canadian army in the world. With this original empirical work, Imre-Millei contributes to scholarship on the use of drones by small- and medium-sized states, as well as to literature at the intersection between emerging military technologies, national identity, and ethics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nadibaidze demonstrates the importance of exploring the role of relativ","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"465-466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peacekeeping or Expeditionism: Identity and Ethics Among Canadian Army Drone Operators","authors":"Bibi Imre-Millei","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small and middle states such as Canada have been integrating drones into their militaries for over 20 years, but their drone use has been understudied. Delving into the data from interviews with 33 army drone operators, this paper proposes two arguments about how drone operators negotiate their identity-based reflections on their roles. First, the paper argues that drone operators in the Canadian army center their identity on the idea that they are part of the combat arms and construct their role as drone operators through this lens. Second, this paper argues that drone operators connect this combat arms identity to broader ideals of what the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) should do and be: a peacekeeping or an expeditionary force. In turn, ideals of what the CAF should do and be affect how drone operators think about drone use. On the one hand, those who viewed the CAF as a helping, peacekeeping military argued for limited and unarmed drone use, whereas those who encouraged the expeditionary elements of the CAF wanted weaponized and further integrated use of drones. These complex reflections from drone operators themselves are important for understanding how emerging technologies are thought of by their users in military contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"480-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advocacy Under Authoritarianism: Civil Society's Impact on Environmental Treaty Ratification in Southeast Asia","authors":"Christianna Sirindah Parr","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Does civil society in competitive authoritarian and authoritarian countries impact environmental policy? Specifically, does civil society speed up the ratification of international environmental treaties? Treaty ratification is a crucial step for translating international commitments to domestic politics. I argue that in competitive authoritarian regimes, where civil society operates under constraints but retains some space for advocacy, more robust civil society accelerates the ratification of environmental treaties compared to states with weaker civil society. These regimes often tolerate civil society pressure on non-threatening issues, such as environmental governance, which allows for strategic concessions without undermining state authority. Focusing on Southeast Asia, I conduct an event history analysis to understand how ratification timings of environmental treaties are affected by the participatory environments of civil society organizations. I use three measures of participatory environment: the level of control over civil society, the consultation status of civil society organizations, and the participation of women in civil society. I find that states with more robust civil society ratify environmental treaties faster compared to those with weaker civil society. This study challenges the assumption that authoritarian regimes uniformly ignore civil society and underscores the importance of strategic advocacy in advancing environmental governance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"442-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Invisible Bullets”: The Power of Narratives in Modern Warfare","authors":"Aleksandr Zarnadze","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores the role of narratives in modern warfare, analyzing their impact, mechanisms, and constraints through an analysis of two books—<i>Changing the Narrative: Information Campaigns, Strategy</i>, and <i>Crisis Escalation in the Digital Age</i> by Lawrence Freedman and Heather Williams, and <i>Subversion: The Strategic Weaponization of Narratives</i> by Andreas Krieg. While military power remains decisive, cognitive warfare has evolved into a main instrument of geopolitical rivalry, shaping public perception and influencing strategic outcomes. Freedman and Williams argue that narratives, though central to cognitive warfare, have limited impact on crisis escalation. In contrast, Krieg sees them as potent subversive tools capable of destabilizing societies. This study critiques the short-term focus of Freedman and Williams, highlighting the long-term role of narratives in shaping ideological foundations for mass mobilization. It argues that narratives are not static; their authority and truthfulness evolve over time, influenced by shifting political and social contexts. Additionally, the study underscores the growing challenge democracies face in countering hostile narratives, calling for deeper research into trust, audience psychology, and effective counter-narrative strategies in the digital age.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":"419-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruxit Revisited: Unravelling Russia's Dissociation From the Pan-European Security Order","authors":"Mikhail Polianskii","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Russia's first invasion of Ukraine in 2014 marked the culmination of Russia's dissociation from the project of institutionalised pan-European security and from the global liberal order more generally. While not denying the relevance of studying the causes of Russia's attacks on Ukraine, this study focuses on Russia's progressing dissociation from Western institutions that preceded the escalation of military tensions. Processes of dissociation—defined as the intentional distancing from the core rules and norms of institutions—occur rather often and might even become a dominant feature of world politics as deglobalisation proceeds. However, this phenomenon has rarely been tackled in academic research. What has been overlooked in the scholarly debate is the specific forms and underlying causes of dissociations from multilateral arrangements. Delving into the controversial history of Russia's drifting away from the European security regime complex after the end of the Cold War this paper demonstrates why Russia's leadership felt so estranged from the order whose creation it actively endorsed. Based on more than 30 interviews with experts of Russian foreign policy as well as Russian and Western diplomats and policymakers, this paper demonstrates how Moscow's disenchantment with European security institutions intensified as these institutions appeared in the Kremlin's eyes structurally unresponsive to evolving dynamics in Russian-Western relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"430-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}