Global Policy最新文献

Measuring climate change from an actuarial perspective: A survey of insurance applications 从精算角度衡量气候变化：保险应用调查

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13465

Nan Zhou, José Luis Vilar-Zanón, Jose Garrido, Antonio José Heras-Martínez

{"title":"Measuring climate change from an actuarial perspective: A survey of insurance applications","authors":"Nan Zhou, José Luis Vilar-Zanón, Jose Garrido, Antonio José Heras-Martínez","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.13465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13465","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change refers to persistent alterations to global Earth's climate, such as a rise in global temperatures, which have reached unprecedented peaks in recent years. At the same time, global mean ocean-and-sea levels are on an upward trajectory. These climatic shifts significantly influence the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, heavy precipitations, droughts, floods, and tropical cyclones, which represent substantial risks and challenges for the insurance industry. This paper delves into the profound impact of climate change on the insurance sector, with a particular focus on the agriculture, property, health, and life insurance industries. Our scientific approach consists in measuring climate change through an index composed of a basket of climate and weather-related extremes, such as the Actuarial Climate Index™ (ACI) defined in and for North America, and its European counterparts, the Iberian ACI (IACI) and French ACI (FACI) climate indices. We discuss how these indices help quantify the impact of climate change on the balance sheets of insurance companies and, therefore, its impact on the sustainability of the insurance business. The paper underscores the pressing need for the insurance industry to adapt and strategically plan for the increasing risks associated with climate change.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"15 S7","pages":"34-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.13465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic, social and environmental sustainability in uncertainty times 不确定时期的经济、社会和环境可持续性

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13464

María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas, María-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano

引用次数: 0

From strategic autonomy to strategic partnership: EU–India relations in health diplomacy 从战略自主到战略伙伴关系：欧盟与印度在卫生外交方面的关系

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13459

Sanjay Pattanshetty, Aniruddha Inamdar, Priya Vijaykumar Poojary, Ilona Kickbusch, Helmut Brand

{"title":"From strategic autonomy to strategic partnership: EU–India relations in health diplomacy","authors":"Sanjay Pattanshetty, Aniruddha Inamdar, Priya Vijaykumar Poojary, Ilona Kickbusch, Helmut Brand","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.13459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13459","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the potential of the European Union (EU)–India cooperation in health diplomacy and the exchange of lessons learned by both actors. Particularly, the growing discourse on achieving strategic autonomy in health has not been adequately analysed in the existing literature, which is surprising given that both actors share this interest. This paper begins by contextualising the discourse of strategic autonomy in the European and Indian political discourse with a specific focus on achieving autonomy in health and subsequently argues for a transition from strategic autonomy to a strategic partnership by recognising the strategic interdependencies. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse all 16 EU–India summits to locate health diplomacy in their relations and present recommendations for future cooperation. The shift from strategic autonomy to strategic partnership also necessitates a strategic vision towards shaping the EU–India cooperation. With the upcoming EU–India Summit in 2025, research and development, strengthening supply chains, harmonisation of regulations, and financing of healthcare are key areas that can be deliberated on to enhance the cooperation between the two global actors in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"15 5","pages":"901-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.13459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social sustainability: Viability analysis of social firms 社会可持续性：社会企业的生存能力分析

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13455

María Jesús Segovia-Vargas, María del Mar Camacho-Miñano, Vera Gelashvili

{"title":"Social sustainability: Viability analysis of social firms","authors":"María Jesús Segovia-Vargas, María del Mar Camacho-Miñano, Vera Gelashvili","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.13455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13455","url":null,"abstract":"Social enterprises are firms that actively create jobs for people with disabilities and reduce social and labour inequalities, thereby participating in the social economy. Due to their importance to society and the work they do towards diversity integration and social sustainability, they have recently attracted much attention in academic literature. For this reason, the main objective of this study was to analyse the survival of social enterprises, identifying key variables that condition their continuity in the market or their failure. The initial sample consisted of 999 social enterprises for the year 2022. The Altman Z-score and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms were used to obtain the basic survival patterns. The main findings were that, on average, social enterprises are highly experienced companies and only one-third of them are at risk of bankruptcy. This means that most of these enterprises can continue their social function. Moreover, the results of return on assets (ROA), equity and debt turnover can predict being at risk of bankruptcy of social enterprises. This study contributes to the scarce academic literature on social enterprises and promotes the existence of such enterprises for social and economic sustainability.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"15 S7","pages":"83-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.13455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparing for pandemics needs a dose of public health and a booster of “complex thought” (Errare humanum est, perseverare diabolicum) 应对大流行病需要公共卫生和 "复杂思想"（Errare humanum est, perseverare diabolicum）的强心剂

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13449

Elisabeth Paul, Garrett W. Brown, David Bell, Valéry Ridde, Joachim Sturmberg

{"title":"Preparing for pandemics needs a dose of public health and a booster of “complex thought” (Errare humanum est, perseverare diabolicum)","authors":"Elisabeth Paul, Garrett W. Brown, David Bell, Valéry Ridde, Joachim Sturmberg","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.13449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13449","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented governmental responses worldwide, revealing weaknesses in health systems and public health policies due to lack of “complex thought” required to manage complex adaptive systems. Understanding COVID-19 response strategies' multiple effects is particularly important now that pandemic preparedness and response (PPR) is on top of the global health political agenda. Here, we adopt a complex adaptive systems approach to critically analyze the literature and draw lessons from the COVID-19 response to inform future PPR strategies. We observe that in many contexts, strategies implemented in response to COVID-19 were poorly effective, inefficient, and inequitable. We explain the limitations of these prevailing measures and propose approaches and strategies to manage pandemics arising from a “systems thinking” perspective. PPR demands the adoption of an evolving, evidenced-informed, and context-specific strategy based on comprehensive approaches reflecting the complexities of health crises. This means moving away from single-focused health security paradigms to consider the full range of health problems facing populations and adopting a package of interventions chosen via participatory and deliberative processes that are context-specific and sensitive, as well as evidence-driven, to ensure a fair balance between various pillars of pandemic responses: health promotion, non-pharmaceutical interventions, prophylaxis, vaccines, and treatments.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"15 5","pages":"969-978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.13449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Governance of artificial intelligence in Southeast Asia 东南亚人工智能治理

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13458

Andrew J. Keith

{"title":"Governance of artificial intelligence in Southeast Asia","authors":"Andrew J. Keith","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.13458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13458","url":null,"abstract":"Governance of artificial intelligence (AI) has not achieved global participation. The primary state-led instrument focusing specifically on the global governance of artificial intelligence is the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI). Although GPAI aims for broad international participation, the only GPAI member from Southeast Asia is Singapore. GPAI's imbalanced global participation, restrictive membership process, and limited translations are potential barriers to Southeast Asian participation. However, a comparative policy analysis suggests that GPAI members and nonmembers in Southeast Asia have AI governance policies which are largely compatible, despite key differences. This study uses quantitative topic-modeling and qualitative content analysis to compare the AI governance policies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam with the policies of Australia and Singapore, as reference GPAI members. The policies of GPAI, Australia, and Singapore emphasise the function of ethics while the policies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam emphasise the function of human capital development. State-led, global AI governance efforts could attract more Southeast Asian participation by further emphasising human capital development and deemphasising the function of ethics. GPAI could increase the likelihood of Southeast Asian participation by decreasing its emphasis on political systems, allowing intergovernmental organisations to join, and recruiting all G20 members.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"15 5","pages":"937-954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Belt and Road Initiative, outward foreign direct investment and total factor productivity—Evidence from China 一带一路 "倡议、对外直接投资和全要素生产率--来自中国的证据

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13437

Yue Zhang, Fei Ji

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Agile governance for a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world 导言：面向动荡、不确定、复杂和模糊世界的敏捷治理

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13439

Hong Liu, Celia Lee, Jeremy Goh

引用次数: 0

Road to human-centric smart city governance in Japan: The case of Fujisawa sustainable smart town 日本以人为本的智慧城市治理之路：藤泽可持续智能城镇案例

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13434

Zhijian Wang

{"title":"Road to human-centric smart city governance in Japan: The case of Fujisawa sustainable smart town","authors":"Zhijian Wang","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.13434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13434","url":null,"abstract":"While the smart city literature extensively discusses the human-centric approach to smart city governance, empirical evidence remains limited. This study examines the practical applications of this approach and considers the remaining challenges, using the case of the Sustainable Smart Town of Fujisawa, Japan. It focuses on institutionalisation, organisational transformation, and public participation, highlighting the achievements and limitations of human-centric governance in this context. In Fujisawa, a practical approach to human-centric governance emerged to overcome bureaucratic barriers to implementing smart city initiatives. This includes formulating smart city policies tailored to the urban context and introducing institutional reforms in the local government; these allow the city to engage with multiple stakeholders and prioritise citizens' needs. However, several challenges persist, such as the limited competence of the local smart city department to drive a citywide initiative and limited governmental digitalisation. Furthermore, while public opinion is collected by certain advanced digital tools, there is no mechanism for stakeholder dialog or direct citizen participation in decision-making processes; this lack of engagement prevents the city from adequately addressing citizens' needs. Addressing these limitations is vital for achieving a human-centric approach in local smart city initiatives.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"15 S6","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.13434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) development of China and ASEAN in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world 在动荡、不确定、复杂和模糊（VUCA）的世界中，中国和东盟在环境、社会和治理（ESG）方面的可持续发展

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13432

Hak Seng Ang

引用次数: 0