Global Policy最新文献

{"title":"The Trojan Horse of Hybrid Governance: Corporate Power and Global Plastics Governance","authors":"Rob Ralston,&nbsp;Jack Taggart","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the emergence of a hybrid institutional complex (HIC) in global plastics governance. By interrogating the structure, features, and contradictions of hybrid global plastics governance, we foreground the de facto orchestrator role of the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) that promotes multistakeholder partnerships to redress plastic pollution and to realise SDG 12 on Responsible Consumption and Production. However, we contend that embedding voluntary, industry-led multistakeholder initiatives within and through the contested UN Global Plastics Treaty process risks entrenching corporate-friendly governance arrangements at the expense of more stringent governance and systemic transformation. We show how this governance model legitimises weak regulations, promotes voluntary governance that reinforces market norms, and sustains corporate dominance. We thus highlight tensions between procedural mechanisms and substantive sustainability objectives within global plastics governance. Ultimately, we contend that emerging hybrid plastic governance may reinforce, rather than transform, the unsustainable status quo.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"705-712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Belt and Road Initiative and Emerging US-China Rivalries in Africa: The Case of the Lobito Corridor","authors":"Maria Adele Carrai","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within a geopolitical landscape often framed as a nascent cold war between the United States and China, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is increasingly pivoting towards the Global South, especially Africa and Latin America. This shift comes amid an increase in new competitive infrastructural initiatives, such as the US-led G7 coalition's Partnership for Global Investments and Infrastructures. This article explores the transformations of the BRI and what was its nascent rival under Biden administration, with a particular focus on the Lobito Corridor, which Trump seems to be supporting too for mineral access. It examines the motivations and strategies of the United States, China, and beneficiary nations, and how dynamics between them may unfold. The study finds that the Lobito Corridor exemplifies how the United States was re-entering African infrastructure markets, challenging China's dominance by targeting critical supply chains. The conclusion posits that this corridor signaled a strategic shift in global infrastructure competition, with the United States leveraging it to reassert influence in Africa, potentially recalibrating China's dominance in critical mineral supply chains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"739-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive Rhetoric, Regressive Reality: The IMF's Tax Advice to 125 Countries, 2022–2024","authors":"Alexandros Kentikelenis,&nbsp;Thomas Stubbs","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has faced scrutiny over the alignment between its public rhetoric and actual policy advice vis-à-vis progressive taxation. This article analyzes the IMF's tax recommendations to 125 countries between 2022 and 2024, drawing on a novel dataset of 1049 tax reform proposals extracted from Article IV surveillance reports. While the IMF has publicly endorsed progressive taxation to reduce inequality and support fiscal sustainability, our findings reveal a disconnect between these statements and on-the-ground advice. High-income countries were more likely to receive progressive tax guidance, whereas low- and middle-income countries were disproportionately advised to implement regressive measures, such as increases in value-added taxes and environmental taxes. Progressive tools like wealth and capital gains taxes were rarely recommended, and when they were, advice was concentrated in high-income contexts. This pattern suggests that IMF tax policy advice continues to reflect orthodox priorities, emphasizing revenue mobilization over equity, and thereby undermining the Fund's professed commitment to inclusive economic policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"731-738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Animal Rights Undermine Human Rights?","authors":"Sergio Dellavalle","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The proposal to grant rights to non-human animals has raised the question of whether such a step undermines human rights. A first approach claims that animal rights strengthen the protection of human interests since they shift the focus to safeguarding the most vulnerable living beings. On the contrary, a second interpretation maintains that animal rights advocacy introduces a criterion—namely sentience—which does not allow any clear distinction between humans and non-human animals. Therefore, the turn to animal rights would inevitably risk jeopardising the principle of equality of all human beings. The analysis of the most prominent recent philosophical defences of animal rights shows that, in some cases, the criticism is unjustified because the philosophical framework still guarantees a specific status to all humans. However, with regard to other theories—in particular those which put sentience at the centre of their plea—there might be, indeed, some reason for concern. After presenting the different interpretations, the review briefly discusses which approach is most suitable for guaranteeing animal rights on the basis of equal consideration for the common condition of being sentient, while at the same time preserving the human community of the equal rights holders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"788-793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Yes-Men: How to Deal With Sycophantic Military AI?","authors":"Jonathan Kwik","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Militaries have increasingly embraced decision-support AI for targeting and other planning tasks. An emerging risk identified with respect to these models is ‘sycophancy’: the tendency of AI to align their outputs with their user's views or preferences, even if this view is incorrect. This paper offers an initial perspective on sycophantic AI in the military domain, and identifies the different technical, organisational and operational elements at play to inform more granular research. It examines the phenomenon technically, the risks it introduces to military operations, and the different courses-of-action militaries can take to mitigate this risk. It theorises that sycophancy is militarily deleterious both in the short and long term, by aggravating existing cognitive biases and inducing organisational overtrust, respectively. The paper then explores two main approaches to mitigation that can be taken: technical intervention at the model/design level (e.g., through finetuning), and user training. It theorises that user training is an important complementary measure to technical intervention, since sycophancy can never be comprehensively addressed only at the design stage. Finally, the paper conceptualises tools and procedures militaries could develop to minimise the negative effects sycophantic AI could have on users' decision-making should sycophancy manifest despite all prior efforts at mitigation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"467-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Scholars on Emerging Technologies in International Security: Introduction to Part 1","authors":"Anna Nadibaidze,&nbsp;Ingvild Bode","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70058","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, cyber, quantum, and robotics have wide-ranging implications for world politics, international security, and warfare. These potential impacts, whether in terms of opportunities or challenges, deserve to be comprehensively examined not only across disciplines, but also across generations of scholars. The two-part special section “Emerging Scholars on Emerging Technologies in International Security” contributes to ongoing efforts of conceptualizing emerging technologies in international security by bringing together the research of early career scholars working in this space. It disseminates ideas from a new generation of thinkers in an area that is growing in importance and relevance for world politics. The first part of this special section includes five articles, each with different theoretical and empirical areas of focus, but all written by early career researchers in the spirit of exploring the diversity of topics under the umbrella term of “emerging technologies.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kwik draws attention to the risks of sycophancy, defined as a tendency exhibited by AI models to produce outputs that match the user's views, despite being factually misleading or wrong. As Kwik demonstrates, sycophancy in military applications of AI is an understudied phenomenon which deserves attention due to the risks it produces in warfare. To mitigate these risks, such as military personnel's over trust in AI models, Kwik recommends a combination of technical measures and educational tools to train users on operating AI systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ølgaard explores the dynamics and interactions between particular imaginaries surrounding emerging technologies in global security. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies (STS), Ølgaard's contribution highlights the presence of these imaginaries in the discourses of both states (the United States) and international institutions (NATO). This analysis of what Ølgaard calls “the new technopolitics of war” convincingly shows that the coconstitution of technology and politics happening across these imaginaries is critical to understand both the formation of certain types of agency in human-machine interactions as well as of authority in public-private relations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imre-Millei investigates how Canadian operators of uncrewed aerial vehicles, or drones, view military identity and ethics of drone use. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, Imre-Millei's analysis finds that Canadian drone operators perceive their roles as part of their combat arms identity, while connecting this identity to how they understand the role of the Canadian army in the world. With this original empirical work, Imre-Millei contributes to scholarship on the use of drones by small- and medium-sized states, as well as to literature at the intersection between emerging military technologies, national identity, and ethics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nadibaidze demonstrates the importance of exploring the role of relativ","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"465-466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peacekeeping or Expeditionism: Identity and Ethics Among Canadian Army Drone Operators","authors":"Bibi Imre-Millei","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small and middle states such as Canada have been integrating drones into their militaries for over 20 years, but their drone use has been understudied. Delving into the data from interviews with 33 army drone operators, this paper proposes two arguments about how drone operators negotiate their identity-based reflections on their roles. First, the paper argues that drone operators in the Canadian army center their identity on the idea that they are part of the combat arms and construct their role as drone operators through this lens. Second, this paper argues that drone operators connect this combat arms identity to broader ideals of what the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) should do and be: a peacekeeping or an expeditionary force. In turn, ideals of what the CAF should do and be affect how drone operators think about drone use. On the one hand, those who viewed the CAF as a helping, peacekeeping military argued for limited and unarmed drone use, whereas those who encouraged the expeditionary elements of the CAF wanted weaponized and further integrated use of drones. These complex reflections from drone operators themselves are important for understanding how emerging technologies are thought of by their users in military contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"480-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managerialism and the Changing Politics of Inclusion","authors":"Kavi Joseph Abraham","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This contribution examines the tension between political inclusion and informal hierarchy found in the Hybrid Institutional Complex (HIC) for sustainable development. By drawing attention to the managerial logic underpinning the making of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), I highlight how increased inclusion leads to weaker obligations and institutional fragmentation if not simultaneously accompanied by proper resourcing of governance orchestrators such as the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF). However, I argue that the SDGs have been successful at the level of ‘metagovernance’, specifically in reshaping the meaning of political inclusion within global governance. The growing emphasis on quantitative metrics and disaggregated data has shifted what counts as meaningful inclusion from having a seat at the table to translating political demands into measurable indicators. I use the human rights community to explore these dynamics. The analysis concludes with policy recommendations for state and civil society actors about strengthening coordination, balancing metrics with normative appeals and more radical democratic politics, and carefully balancing the utility of big data with other ethical concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"691-697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advocacy Under Authoritarianism: Civil Society's Impact on Environmental Treaty Ratification in Southeast Asia","authors":"Christianna Sirindah Parr","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Does civil society in competitive authoritarian and authoritarian countries impact environmental policy? Specifically, does civil society speed up the ratification of international environmental treaties? Treaty ratification is a crucial step for translating international commitments to domestic politics. I argue that in competitive authoritarian regimes, where civil society operates under constraints but retains some space for advocacy, more robust civil society accelerates the ratification of environmental treaties compared to states with weaker civil society. These regimes often tolerate civil society pressure on non-threatening issues, such as environmental governance, which allows for strategic concessions without undermining state authority. Focusing on Southeast Asia, I conduct an event history analysis to understand how ratification timings of environmental treaties are affected by the participatory environments of civil society organizations. I use three measures of participatory environment: the level of control over civil society, the consultation status of civil society organizations, and the participation of women in civil society. I find that states with more robust civil society ratify environmental treaties faster compared to those with weaker civil society. This study challenges the assumption that authoritarian regimes uniformly ignore civil society and underscores the importance of strategic advocacy in advancing environmental governance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":"442-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Region State in the 21st Century Polycrisis","authors":"Petr Blížkovský,&nbsp;Jochen Prantl,&nbsp;Lubor Lacina","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this Practitioner Commentary, we develop the argument that the 21st century polycrisis has widened the gap between the demand side and supply side of governance. State capacity is put to the test while the policy space to deliver public goods has shrunk. The region state is a unit of governance, often overlooked and underutilized, to boost state capacity across siloed policy domains and institutional stovepipes. The European Union provides a laboratory to showcase and test the comparative advantage of governance solutions that reconnect the local, state, and supranational policy levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":"784-787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}