Global Policy最新文献_第5页

Securing Democracy: Online Political Advertising Regulations and Practices in the EU and its Member States 保障民主：欧盟及其成员国的网络政治广告法规和实践

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-28 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70080

Enea Fiore, Antonella Seddone, Daniela R. Piccio

{"title":"Securing Democracy: Online Political Advertising Regulations and Practices in the EU and its Member States","authors":"Enea Fiore, Antonella Seddone, Daniela R. Piccio","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starting with the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal and its link to Brexit and the 2016 US elections, the nexus among online political advertising, micro-targeting, and data-driven electoral campaigning has revealed its disruptive potential for democracies. While facilitating innovative modes of direct engagement between politics and citizens, online political advertising also allows parties and other political actors to enact strategies that can effectively target highly specific audience segments, with a potential for domestic players with populist agendas or foreign actors to exploit these technologies in order to disrupt public debate and manipulate key electoral processes. However, few countries in Europe introduced a regulation in this respect, to the extent that the digital environment has often been likened to a Wild West. This study has a two-fold aim. First, it presents an up-to-date comparative analysis of the regulation of political advertising in the European Union as well as in individual European countries showing similarities and differences across countries and levels. Second, it provides a descriptive analysis of the way in which domestic political actors used online political advertisements during the 2024 European election campaign exploring which political families use these strategies more frequently and how much they economically invested in advertising tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S2","pages":"S83-S100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does AI Affect the Democratic Conduct of War? Analyzing US and Israeli Military AI Deployment 人工智能会影响战争的民主行为吗？分析美国和以色列的军事人工智能部署

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70117

Alessandra Russo

{"title":"Does AI Affect the Democratic Conduct of War? Analyzing US and Israeli Military AI Deployment","authors":"Alessandra Russo","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines how the use of decision-support military Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can affect the democratic conduct of warfare. AI can challenge the democratic conduct of warfare by introducing systemic risks such as reduced oversight, opacity, and automation bias. The inquiry focuses on two case studies: US Project Maven and Israeli AI targeting systems. Available reporting and official statements portray the United States as emphasizing procedural oversight, containing AI risks, while investigative reporting on Israel alleges prioritization of speed, looser scrutiny and higher tolerated error. The accounts reviewed suggest that democracies are not exempt from risks of democratic erosion in war when adopting AI. Yet, the divergence in practices hints that AI does not autonomously drive erosion; rather, it amplifies contextual pressures such as conflict intensity, institutional culture, and threat perception. The conclusion underlines the necessity for regulatory and procedural frameworks for better aligning AI use with legal and ethical norms. This research contributes to deepening the understanding of the risks posed by AI in military operations with a novel, case-based analysis, aiming to inform policy discussions on the responsible deployment of AI systems in contemporary and future conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S2","pages":"S45-S56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cruising Together: How the Europeans Tipped the Scales for the Ground-Launched Cruise Missile 《一起巡航：欧洲人如何决定陆基巡航导弹的发展

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70183

Tim Thies

{"title":"Cruising Together: How the Europeans Tipped the Scales for the Ground-Launched Cruise Missile","authors":"Tim Thies","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the 1970s, the United States adopted the ground-launched cruise missile (GLCM) despite opposition from the military and the lack of an established military requirement. The case is, thus, at odds with common models of military innovation that rely on military utility and organizational interests for their explanatory power. Drawing on the literature on alliance politics and symbols and rhetoric in international relations, this article develops a novel approach that highlights the role of allies in military innovations of the patron. On the basis of archival sources, it illustrates how, by recasting the GLCM from a strictly military issue into a symbol of alliance cohesion, European NATO states, and especially West Germany, facilitated the introduction of new arguments to the US-internal debate. The alliance-political symbolism resonated with key US actors and constrained President Carter, who eventually endorsed the weapon. Finally, the article charts avenues for further research on the role of allies in military innovations of the alliance leader and on the infusion of symbolic meaning into military technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":"506-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Financing Multipolarity: The New Development Bank and the Expansion of BRICS Influence 为多极化融资：新开发银行与扩大金砖国家影响力

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70192

Rafael Voigtel

{"title":"Financing Multipolarity: The New Development Bank and the Expansion of BRICS Influence","authors":"Rafael Voigtel","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the 21st century, the idea of a ‘Multipolar World’, characterized by the protagonism of the Global South, has been gaining prominence. Within this context, the New Development Bank (NDB) is understood as a possible ‘financial arm’ of this group, playing a strategic role in increasing the relevance of its creators, the BRICS countries. With this, the paper's objective is to investigate how the NDB's 2022–2026 quadrennial goals can help BRICS increase its power in the international system. To do this, we first conducted a comparative analysis of the NDB with one of the largest Multilateral Development Banks, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), to introduce the entity's level of power in the system. Subsequently, we discussed the bank's 2022–2026 goals and connected them to the possibility of supporting the expansion of BRICS' power. Engaging with scholarship on the topic, the paper argues that these goals should be understood as channels through which BRICS can expand its influence. The paper concludes that the NDB's contribution lies less in displacing Bretton Woods institutions outright than in incrementally widening policy space, local-currency finance and alternative development practices within the existing international financial architecture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Year of Global Disorder: Where is Global Policy? 全球混乱的一年：全球政策在哪里？

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70203

Rob Hanson, Aasim Khan, Jessica Eastland-Underwood, Natalie Braun

引用次数: 0

From Stalemate to Launch? Explaining the Delayed Establishment of the SCODB 从僵局到发行？解释SCODB的延迟建立

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70176

Gefan Zhu, Tianyu Luo, Yunxuan Chen

{"title":"From Stalemate to Launch? Explaining the Delayed Establishment of the SCODB","authors":"Gefan Zhu, Tianyu Luo, Yunxuan Chen","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The protracted delay of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Development Bank (SCODB) stands in sharp contrast to the relatively rapid establishment of other China-initiated multilateral development banks. Why did the SCODB require 14 years to move from proposal to “launching the process”? This study argues that the delay stems from institutional DNA incompatibility—a structural mismatch between the SCO's security-oriented governance logic and the operational requirements of a multilateral development bank (MDB). Through process tracing across four phases (2010–2025), we demonstrate that this incompatibility manifested across two interconnected dimensions: first, governance design conflicts—SCO principles of consensus, sovereignty protection, and noninterference clash with MDB requirements of weighted voting, hierarchical governance, operational autonomy, and market accountability; second, power dynamics and strategic bargaining—Pronounced economic asymmetries among member states, combined with consensus-based decision rules, generated multiple veto points that prolonged negotiations over capital shares, voting arrangements, and institutional positioning. External geopolitical shifts reshaped incentives but did not eliminate these structural constraints. We also identify governance innovations necessary for overcoming institutional DNA incompatibility. The study contributes theoretically by highlighting parent-organization type as a key antecedent in MDB formation and empirically by providing the first systematic account of the SCODB's evolution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":"453-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green Equals Green? The Divergent Policy Logics of Climate and Biodiversity Governance 绿色就是绿色？气候与生物多样性治理的政策逻辑分歧

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70081

Florian Zenglein

{"title":"Green Equals Green? The Divergent Policy Logics of Climate and Biodiversity Governance","authors":"Florian Zenglein","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Market-based instruments (MBIs) are increasingly promoted in international biodiversity and climate governance. This article argues that biodiversity policy has distinct dynamics and complexities that require approaches beyond economic instruments. By analyzing key concepts such as ecosystem services, biodiversity offsets, and MBIs, this study examines the implications of applying economic mechanisms to biodiversity policy. For this purpose, secondary literature and official documents of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and their subsequent agreements and related official press releases and websites were analyzed. The findings highlight three key implications: (1) biodiversity should be embedded as a cross-cutting issue across policy areas to address its social, economic, and environmental dimensions; (2) regulatory approaches should be prioritized over MBIs; and (3) synergies between biodiversity and climate policy should be strengthened. The article addresses a research gap by providing insight into the differences between biodiversity and climate change governance, highlighting their different relationships with different policies and instruments, in particular, MBIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":"512-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Governance of AI and by AI: Feedback Loops, Regime Variation and Reflexive Polycentric Control 人工智能的治理和由人工智能治理：反馈循环、制度变化和自反性多中心控制

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 Epub Date: 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70177

Jan Kleiner

{"title":"Governance of AI and by AI: Feedback Loops, Regime Variation and Reflexive Polycentric Control","authors":"Jan Kleiner","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article develops a conceptual framework that links the governance of and by artificial intelligence (AI) into a single continuum that varies across political regime types. Although existing scholarship typically treats governance of AI—oversight, regulation and ethical alignment—and governance by AI—the embedding of algorithms into decision-making—as separate domains, this article argues that such a dichotomy obscures their mutual dependence. It introduces the framework of Reflexive Polycentric Control (RPC), which views AI governance as two coupled feedback loops: an outer loop of societal oversight and an inner loop of operational deployment. Drawing on reflexive modernization, cybernetic control theory and polycentric governance, RPC specifies three design principles—distributed authority, requisite variety and reflexive checkpoints—that enable stability and adaptability. The framework further highlights how regime type conditions loop dynamics. Democracies exhibit resilience but fragmentation, autocracies achieve coherence at the cost of brittleness, and transitional regimes face volatility because of inconsistent feedback. RPC thereby provides a logically coherent, testable baseline for analysing AI governance across diverse political contexts and for guiding future empirical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":"500-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tagging the Emirate: Language, Coordination and the Taliban's Digital Pursuit of Legitimacy 标记酋长国：语言、协调和塔利班对合法性的数字追求

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 Epub Date: 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70182

Hannah Oates

{"title":"Tagging the Emirate: Language, Coordination and the Taliban's Digital Pursuit of Legitimacy","authors":"Hannah Oates","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines how political actors leverage social media in Afghanistan as a tool for political legitimation. Framing social media as a potential supply of legitimacy, it analysed X (formerly known as Twitter) content posted by the former Afghan government, humanitarian and Taliban political accounts between January 2020 and December 2022 using qualitative thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. The analysis explores how the Taliban seeks to construct legitimacy at the national and international levels by examining two central elements of digital communication: linguistic patterns and technical coordination. To identify unique strategies, this was then compared to the digital activity of their political opponents. The results revealed that cohesion across Taliban officials' communication on X was a focal part of their wider approach to digital political communication. In contrast, representatives of the Afghan government and humanitarian groups did not display clearly connected approaches to their digital communication, in particular diluting the clarity of their messages through inconsistent linguistic patterns. This study finds that the coordinated application of technical features and linguistically tailored messages online operates as a key mechanism in insurgent legitimation strategies designed to target and mislead audiences at the national and international levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":"487-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148532957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging Scholars on Emerging Technologies in International Security: Introduction to Part 2 新兴学者研究国际安全中的新兴技术：绪论（二）

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70196

Anna Nadibaidze, Ingvild Bode

引用次数: 0