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Collocation in the Mind: Investigating Collocational Priming in Second Language Speakers of Italian 心目中的搭配：调查意大利语第二语言使用者的搭配引物
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12663
Irene Fioravanti, Anna Siyanova‐Chanturia, Alessandro Lenci
{"title":"Collocation in the Mind: Investigating Collocational Priming in Second Language Speakers of Italian","authors":"Irene Fioravanti, Anna Siyanova‐Chanturia, Alessandro Lenci","doi":"10.1111/lang.12663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12663","url":null,"abstract":"Collocational priming is a priming effect induced by collocationally related words; it has been taken to explain the cognitive reality of collocation. Collocational priming has largely been observed in first language (L1) speakers, whereas work on the representation of collocation in a second language (L2) is still limited. In the present study, we sought to investigate this phenomenon in L1 and L2 speakers of Italian. We used a lexical decision task to explore collocational priming in verb–noun and noun–adjective collocations differing in frequency and collocational strength. Both L1 and L2 speakers were found sensitive to the frequency of collocations. Importantly, exposure to L2 Italian was found to play a role. The results suggest that collocational priming occurs both in L1 and L2 speakers, and that the mechanisms associated with collocation processing and representation in L1 and L2 speakers may be comparable.","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphological Markedness and the Temporal Dynamics of Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Majority and a Heritage Language 作为主要语言和遗产语言的西班牙语中的形态标记和性别一致处理的时间动态
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12662
Gregory D. Keating
{"title":"Morphological Markedness and the Temporal Dynamics of Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Majority and a Heritage Language","authors":"Gregory D. Keating","doi":"10.1111/lang.12662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12662","url":null,"abstract":"For Spanish nouns, masculine gender is unmarked and feminine is marked. Effects of markedness on gender agreement processing are inconsistent, possibly owing to differences between online methods. This study presents a reanalysis of eye‐tracking data from Keating's (2022) study on the processing of noun‐adjective gender agreement in speakers of Spanish as a majority and a heritage language. Pairwise comparisons by noun class showed that both groups displayed sensitivity to gender violations with masculine nouns earlier in the time course of agreement processing than they did to violations with feminine nouns, although sensitivity to errors with both classes emerged later for heritage speakers. The time course advantage for detecting gender violations with masculine nouns disappeared when a word occurred between nouns and adjectives. In sum, the native Spanish parser utilizes markedness information during online computation of gender agreement dependencies, even when exposure to native language input is significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Syntactic Adaptation and Word Learning in 3‐ to 4‐Year‐Olds 3 至 4 岁儿童的句法适应和单词学习
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12661
Yukun Yu, Naomi Havron, Cynthia Fisher
{"title":"Syntactic Adaptation and Word Learning in 3‐ to 4‐Year‐Olds","authors":"Yukun Yu, Naomi Havron, Cynthia Fisher","doi":"10.1111/lang.12661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12661","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent study, preschoolers adapted their syntactic expectations about a familiar phrase in French; this adaptation affected later word learning. In two experiments, we probed the generality of this finding by replicating the experiment and extending it to a different expression in English. We examined the ambiguous phrase <jats:italic>the baby</jats:italic>, which can be followed by nouns (<jats:italic>the baby monkeys</jats:italic>) or verbs (<jats:italic>the baby sleeps</jats:italic>). In induction trials, <jats:italic>the baby</jats:italic> consistently preceded either familiar nouns (noun condition) or verbs (verb condition). In later novel‐word trials, children in the verb condition were more likely to interpret novel words following <jats:italic>the baby</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>The baby gorps!</jats:italic>) as verbs than were children in the noun condition. In Experiment 2, a modified design isolated the effect of experience with the critical phrase from possible effects of task structure, and an added baseline condition showed the adaptation effect to be asymmetrical, suggesting frequency or surprisal effects on adaptation.","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Learning Unacceptability: Repeated Exposure to Acceptable Sentences Improves Adult Learners’ Recognition of Unacceptable Sentences 学习不可接受性：反复接触可接受句子可提高成人学习者对不可接受句子的识别能力
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12660
Karina Tachihara, Adele E. Goldberg
{"title":"Learning Unacceptability: Repeated Exposure to Acceptable Sentences Improves Adult Learners’ Recognition of Unacceptable Sentences","authors":"Karina Tachihara, Adele E. Goldberg","doi":"10.1111/lang.12660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12660","url":null,"abstract":"Adults learning a new language tend to judge unconventional utterances more leniently than fluent speakers do; ratings on acceptable utterances, however, tend to align more closely with fluent speakers. This asymmetry raises a question as to whether unconventional utterances can be statistically preempted by conventional utterances for adult learners. We report a preregistered study that provided undergraduates in Spanish classes with three days of exposure to conventional Spanish sentences without feedback. Judgment data reveal a significant effect of statistical preemption, particularly on intermediate learners, as predicted: Repeatedly witnessing conventional sentences led learners to subsequently judge as significantly lower the corresponding unconventional formulations in comparison to unrelated unconventional sentences. Current findings indicate that adult learners can take advantage of statistical preemption to learn the unacceptability of unconventional sentences from repeated exposure to acceptable alternatives, without explicit instruction or feedback.","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Undesirable Difficulty of Interleaved Practice: The Importance of Initial Blocked Practice for Declarative Knowledge Development in Low‐Achieving Adolescents 交错练习的不良难度：初始阻断练习对低成绩青少年陈述性知识发展的重要性
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12659
Hyun-Bin Hwang
{"title":"Undesirable Difficulty of Interleaved Practice: The Importance of Initial Blocked Practice for Declarative Knowledge Development in Low‐Achieving Adolescents","authors":"Hyun-Bin Hwang","doi":"10.1111/lang.12659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12659","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the effects of practice schedule on the processing of new second language (L2) vocabulary and resulting knowledge. Participants were 107 low‐achieving adolescents attending a vocational high school in Korea. They were randomly assigned to one of three practice groups and completed a L2 English–L1 Korean paired‐associates learning task. The blocking group practiced one word at a time before switching to different words (e.g., A/A/A/B/B/B/C/C/C); the interleaving group practiced multiple words in sequence (e.g., A/B/C/A/B/C/A/B/C); and the hybrid group had both blocked and interleaved practice. Results revealed that (a) interleaved practice alone posed undesirable difficulty for low achievers, (b) blocked practice in the early learning phase facilitated the development of new declarative knowledge, and (c) hybrid practice produced more robust long‐term retention than blocking and interleaving. The findings are discussed in relation to real‐time processing accuracy, reaction time, coefficient of variation, and meaning recognition test outcomes. Additionally, I explore possible applications of these findings in developing optimal algorithm‐based software for vocabulary learning.","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verbal Symbols Support Concrete but Enable Abstract Concept Formation: Evidence From Brain-Constrained Deep Neural Networks 语言符号支持具体概念的形成，但也能促成抽象概念的形成：来自大脑约束深度神经网络的证据
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12646
Fynn R. Dobler, Malte R. Henningsen-Schomers, Friedemann Pulvermüller
{"title":"Verbal Symbols Support Concrete but Enable Abstract Concept Formation: Evidence From Brain-Constrained Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Fynn R. Dobler,&nbsp;Malte R. Henningsen-Schomers,&nbsp;Friedemann Pulvermüller","doi":"10.1111/lang.12646","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lang.12646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Concrete symbols (e.g., <i>sun</i>, <i>run</i>) can be learned in the context of objects and actions, thereby grounding their meaning in the world. However, it is controversial whether a comparable avenue to semantic learning exists for abstract symbols (e.g., <i>democracy</i>). When we simulated the putative brain mechanisms of conceptual/semantic grounding using brain-constrained deep neural networks, the learning of instances of concrete concepts outside of language contexts led to robust neural circuits generating substantial and prolonged activations. In contrast, the learning of instances of abstract concepts yielded much reduced and only short-lived activity. Crucially, when conceptual instances were learned in the context of wordforms, circuit activations became robust and long-lasting for both concrete and abstract meanings. These results indicate that, although the neural correlates of concrete conceptual representations can be built from grounding experiences alone, abstract concept formation at the neurobiological level is enabled by and requires the correlated presence of linguistic forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lang.12646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Implicit Learning Deficit and Dyslexia Go Together? An fMRI and Behavioral Study 内隐学习缺陷与阅读障碍是否同时存在？一项 fMRI 和行为研究
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12652
Marta Wójcik, Joanna Beck, Katarzyna Chyl, Agnieszka Dynak, Gabriela Dzięgiel‐Fivet, Magdalena Łuniewska, Anna Grabowska, Katarzyna Jednoróg, Agnieszka Dębska
{"title":"Do Implicit Learning Deficit and Dyslexia Go Together? An fMRI and Behavioral Study","authors":"Marta Wójcik, Joanna Beck, Katarzyna Chyl, Agnieszka Dynak, Gabriela Dzięgiel‐Fivet, Magdalena Łuniewska, Anna Grabowska, Katarzyna Jednoróg, Agnieszka Dębska","doi":"10.1111/lang.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12652","url":null,"abstract":"What is the relationship between literacy skills and implicit learning? To address previous mixed findings, we compared school‐aged readers, typical (CON, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 54) and with dyslexia (DYS, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 53), in relation to their performance on a serial reaction time task. For the first time, we also included an isolated spelling deficit group (ISD, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 30) to control for distinctive effects of reading and spelling deficits. A linear reaction times analysis did not reveal between‐group differences in implicit learning. However, further examination revealed that most CON (65%) and ISD (63%) were implicit learners, whereas most DYS were nonlearners (64%). Brain activity showed differences in early learning phases: CON learners and DYS nonlearners activated the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left insula more than other groups. Our findings imply that implicit learning is more frequently disrupted in children with dyslexia than in typical readers, and that activation of the left IFG and insula contributes to effective learning in the latter group but it does not in the former.","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrophysiological Evidence for a Whorfian Double Dissociation of Categorical Perception Across Two Languages 两种语言中分类感知的沃尔夫双重分离的电生理学证据
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12648
Aina Casaponsa, M. Acebo García-Guerrero, Alejandro Martínez, Natalia Ojeda, Guillaume Thierry, Panos Athanasopoulos
{"title":"Electrophysiological Evidence for a Whorfian Double Dissociation of Categorical Perception Across Two Languages","authors":"Aina Casaponsa,&nbsp;M. Acebo García-Guerrero,&nbsp;Alejandro Martínez,&nbsp;Natalia Ojeda,&nbsp;Guillaume Thierry,&nbsp;Panos Athanasopoulos","doi":"10.1111/lang.12648","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lang.12648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Taza</i> in Spanish refers to cups and mugs in English, whereas glass refers to different glass types in Spanish: <i>copa</i> and <i>vaso</i>. It is still unclear whether such categorical distinctions induce early perceptual differences in speakers of different languages. In this study, for the first time, we report symmetrical effects of terminology on preattentive indices of categorical perception across languages. Native speakers of English or Spanish saw arrays of cups, mugs, <i>copas</i>, and <i>vasos</i> flashed in streams. Visual mismatch negativity, an implicit electrophysiological correlate of perceptual change in the peripheral visual field, was modulated for categorical contrasts marked in the participants’ native language but not for objects designated by the same label. Conversely, P3a, an index of attentional orienting, was modulated only for missing contrasts in the participants’ native language. Thus, whereas native labels influenced participants’ preattentive perceptual encoding of objects, nonverbally encoded dissociations reoriented their attention at a later processing stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lang.12648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensitivity to Subphonemic Differences in First Language Predicts Vocabulary Size in a Foreign Language 对母语副音位差异的敏感性可预测外语词汇量的大小
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12650
Efthymia C. Kapnoula, Arthur G. Samuel
{"title":"Sensitivity to Subphonemic Differences in First Language Predicts Vocabulary Size in a Foreign Language","authors":"Efthymia C. Kapnoula, Arthur G. Samuel","doi":"10.1111/lang.12650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12650","url":null,"abstract":"Some listeners exhibit higher sensitivity to subphonemic acoustic differences (i.e., higher speech gradiency). Here, we asked whether higher gradiency in a listener's first language (L1) facilitates foreign language learning and explored the possible sources of individual differences in L1 gradiency. To address these questions, we tested 164 native Spanish speakers with different linguistic profiles. Speech gradiency was assessed via a Visual Analogue Scale task, and foreign language proficiency was assessed via an English vocabulary test. Possible sources of gradiency included domain‐general auditory acuity, overall exposure to spoken language (indexed by age), and exposure to phonological diversity. Control measures were collected to account for variables such as phoneme categorization consistency, working memory, and musical training. The results revealed a positive link between L1 speech gradiency and vocabulary acquisition in a foreign language over and above all other variables. L1 speech gradiency itself was predicted by domain‐general auditory acuity and overall exposure to spoken language.","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of COVID-Related Quarantine and Attitudes on Time Conceptualization: Evidence From Temporal Focus and Implicit Space-Time Mappings 与 COVID 相关的隔离和态度对时间概念化的影响：时空聚焦和内隐时空映射的证据
IF 4.4 1区 文学
Language Learning Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12649
Panos Athanasopoulos, Rui Su
{"title":"The Effect of COVID-Related Quarantine and Attitudes on Time Conceptualization: Evidence From Temporal Focus and Implicit Space-Time Mappings","authors":"Panos Athanasopoulos,&nbsp;Rui Su","doi":"10.1111/lang.12649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lang.12649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The temporal focus hypothesis (TFH) entails that individuals who value the past tend to conceptualize it in front, whereas individuals who value the future tend to map the future in front instead (de la Fuente et al., 2014). This varies as a function of culture, individual differences, and context. Here, we extend this line of inquiry by testing a contextual variable, namely COVID-19 quarantine status, and an individual differences variable, namely future precautionary behavior towards COVID-19. Contrary to what the TFH would predict, we show that participants map the future to a frontal position, regardless of individual attitudes and quarantine status. However, participants who displayed more future precautionary behavior were also more future-focused than participants who displayed less such behaviour, but this did not predict their front–back mappings of the future. These findings suggest that individual differences may be stronger determinants of temporal focus than contextual variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":51371,"journal":{"name":"Language Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lang.12649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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