Tomography最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal Overlap and Metabolite Analysis in Spectroscopic MRI-Guided Proton Beam Therapy in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma.","authors":"Abinand C Rejimon, Anuradha G Trivedi, Vicki Huang, Karthik K Ramesh, Natia Esiashvilli, Eduard Schreibmann, Hyunsuk Shim, Kartik Reddy, Bree R Eaton","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is a highly aggressive cancer with unique biology distinct from adult high-grade glioma, limiting the effectiveness of standard treatment protocols derived from adult research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this report is to present preliminary results from an ongoing pilot study integrating spectroscopic magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to guide proton beam therapy and longitudinal imaging analysis in pediatric patients with high-grade glioma (pHGG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen pediatric patients under 21 years old with supratentorial WHO grade III-IV glioma underwent baseline and serial whole-brain spectroscopic MRI alongside standard structural MRIs. Radiation targets were defined using T1-weighted contrast enhanced, T2-FLAIR, and Cho/NAA ≥ 2X maps. Longitudinal analyses included voxel-level metabolic change maps and spatial overlap metrics comparing pre-proton therapy and post-.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six patients had sufficient longitudinal data; five received sMRI-guided PBT. Significant positive correlation (R² = 0.89, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) was observed between T2-FLAIR and Cho/NAA ≥ 2X volumes. Voxel-level difference maps of Cho/NAA and Choline revealed dynamic metabolic changes across follow-up scans. Analyzing Cho/NAA and Cho changes over time allowed differentiation between true progression and pseudoprogression, which conventional MRI alone struggles to achieve.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal sMRI enhanced metabolic tracking in pHGG, detects early tumor changes, and refines RT targeting beyond structural imaging. This first in-kind study highlights the potential of sMRI biomarkers in tracking treatment effects and emphasizes the complementary roles of metabolic and radiographic metrics in evaluating therapy response in pHGG.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Mandibular Bone Architecture in Patients with Endocrine Disorders Using Fractal Dimension and Histogram Analysis.","authors":"Elif Yıldızer, Saliha Kubra Sari, Fatih Peker, Ali Riza Erdogan, Kevser Sancak, Sinan Yasin Ertem","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Endocrine disorders, including diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunctions, can significantly impact bone metabolism and structure. This study aimed to assess mandibular trabecular architecture in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism using fractal dimension (FD) and histogram analyses (HA), comparing the findings with a healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed panoramic radiographs from 200 individuals, comprising 40 patients in each of the four endocrine disorder groups and 40 healthy controls. Fractal dimension and histogram-based pixel intensity analyses were conducted using ImageJ™ (version 1.53) software. Four standardized regions of interest (ROI) were evaluated on the right mandible, and statistical comparisons were conducted across groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), <i>t</i>-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age and gender distributions did not differ significantly between groups. FD analysis revealed a significant reduction at ROI1 in the hyperthyroidism group compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.018); however, no other significant FD differences were observed among the remaining groups or ROIs. A significant positive correlation was found between FD and histogram values at ROI1 and ROI2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while pixel intensity values did not differ significantly across groups in any ROI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although no significant differences were found in diabetic groups, the decreased FD in hyperthyroid patients suggests that FD analysis may be a useful non-invasive method to detect subtle bone alterations. Further research with larger sample sizes and comprehensive biochemical analyses are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured Transformation of Unstructured Prostate MRI Reports Using Large Language Models.","authors":"Luca Di Palma, Fatemeh Darvizeh, Marco Alì, Deborah Fazzini","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to assess the ability of high-performing open-weight large language models (LLMs) in extracting key radiological features from prostate MRI reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five LLMs (Llama3.3, DeepSeek-R1-Llama3.3, Phi4, Gemma-2, and Qwen2.5-14B) were used to analyze free-text MRI reports retrieved from clinical practice. Each LLM processed reports three times using specialized prompts to extract (1) dimensions, (2) volume and PSA density, and (3) lesion characteristics. An experienced radiologist manually annotated the dataset, defining entities (Exam) and sub-entities (Lesion, Dimension). Feature- and physician-level performance were then assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>250 MRI exams reported by 7 radiologists were analyzed by the LLMs. Feature-level performances showed that DeepSeek-R1-Llama3.3 exhibited the highest average score (98.6% ± 2.1%), followed by Phi4 (98.1% ± 2.2%), Llama3.3 (98.0% ± 3.0%), Qwen2.5 (97.5% ± 3.9%), and Gemma2 (96.0% ± 3.4%). All models excelled in extracting PSA density (100%) and volume (≥98.4%), while lesions' extraction showed greater variability (88.4-94.0%). LLMs' performance varied among radiologists: Physician B's reports yielded the highest mean score (99.9% ± 0.2%), while Physician C's resulted in the lowest (94.4% ± 2.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLMs showed promising results in automated feature-extraction from radiology reports, with DeepSeek-R1-Llama3.3 achieving the highest overall score. These models can improve clinical workflows by structuring unstructured medical text. However, a preliminary analysis of reporting styles is necessary to identify potential challenges and optimize prompt design to better align with individual physician reporting styles. This approach can further enhance the robustness and adaptability of LLM-driven clinical data extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Advanced Imaging for Radiotherapy Planning and Response Assessment in the Central Nervous System.","authors":"Liam S P Lawrence, Rachel W Chan, Amit Singnurkar, Jay Detsky, Chris Heyn, Pejman J Maralani, Hany Soliman, Greg J Stanisz, Arjun Sahgal, Angus Z Lau","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Radiotherapy for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) could be improved by incorporating advanced imaging techniques into treatment planning and response assessment. The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) for applications in CNS radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recent articles were selected for discussion, covering the following topics: advanced imaging on MRI-linear accelerators for early response assessment in glioma; PET for guiding treatment planning and response assessment in glioma; and contrast-enhanced imaging and metabolic imaging for differentiating tumor progression and radiation necrosis for brain metastasis treatment. Where necessary, searches of scholarly databases (e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed) were used to find papers for each topic. The topics were chosen based on the perception of promise in advancing specific applications of CNS radiotherapy and not covered in detail elsewhere. This review is not intended to be comprehensive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Advanced MRI sequences and PET could have a substantial impact on CNS radiotherapy. For gliomas, the tumor response to therapy could be assessed much earlier than using the conventional technique of measuring changes in tumor size. Using advanced imaging on combined imaging/therapy devices like MR-Linacs would enable response monitoring throughout radiotherapy. For brain metastases, radiation necrosis and tumor progression might be reliably differentiated with imaging techniques sensitive to perfusion or metabolism. However, the lack of level 1 evidence supporting specific uses for each imaging technique is an impediment to widespread use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced MRI and PET have great promise to change the standard of care for CNS radiotherapy, but clinical trials validating specific applications are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Most Suitable Cut-Off Point of the Cervical Foraminal Cross-Sectional Area at the C5/6 Level to Predict Cervical Foraminal Bony Stenosis.","authors":"Joohyun Lee, Jee Young Lee, Keum Nae Kang, Jae Ni Jang, Sukhee Park, Young Uk Kim","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Cervical foraminal bony stenosis (CFBS) is a common degenerative spinal condition that causes radicular pain and functional impairment in the upper extremities. Accurate and objective diagnosis of CFBS remains challenging due to the absence of standardized morphometric criteria. This study aimed to determine an optimal cut-off value for the cervical foraminal cross-sectional area (CFCSA) at the C5/6 level as a diagnostic indicator of CFBS. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective case-control study including 154 patients aged 50 years or older with clinically and radiologically confirmed CFBS and 150 age-matched asymptomatic controls. Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in all subjects and CFCSA measurements were obtained from sagittal T2-weighted images using a standardized protocol. Group differences were analyzed using <i>t</i>-tests and diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. <b>Results</b>: The mean CFCSA was significantly lower in the CFBS group (25.65 ± 7.19 mm²) compared to the control group (43.00 ± 8.38 mm²; <i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC analysis identified a CFCSA threshold of 33.02 mm² as the optimal cut-off point for predicting CFBS, yielding a sensitivity of 86.4%, a specificity of 86.7%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91-0.96). <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that CFCSA is a robust and reproducible morphological parameter for evaluating foraminal stenosis. The proposed cut-off may enhance diagnostic accuracy and aid in clinical decision-making for patients presenting with C6 radiculopathy. However, given this study's retrospective, single-center design, further validation through multicenter, prospective studies across multiple cervical levels is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image Quality and Lesion Detectability with Low-Monoenergetic Imaging: A Study of Low-Concentration Iodine Contrast in Hepatic Multiphase CT for Chronic Liver Disease.","authors":"Jae En Kim, Yewon Lim, Jin Sil Kim, Hyo Jeong Lee, Jeong Kyong Lee, Hye Ah Lee","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate whether low-concentration iodine contrast-enhanced multiphase low-monoenergetic computed tomography (LCLM CT; 270 mg I/mL, 40 keV) is non-inferior to standard-dose computed tomography (SDCT; 350 mg I/mL) in image quality and lesion detectability for chronic liver disease patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-seven patients underwent both protocols. Image quality was assessed using a 5-point scale with a non-inferiority margin of -0.5. Quantitative metrics included signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Lesion detectability was evaluated using jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic (JAFROC) analysis with a -0.1 margin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LCLM CT reduced iodine dose per kilogram by 21.9%. Despite higher image noise, it achieved higher CNR for the aorta and hepatic lesions, as well as superior hepatic artery clarity. Image quality was non-inferior (difference: -0.119; 95% CI: -0.192 to -0.047), and lesion detectability (FOM: 0.744 vs. 0.721; difference: 0.023; 95% CI: -0.170 to 0.218) also showed non-inferiority.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LCLM CT maintains diagnostic performance and improves vascular contrast while reducing iodine burden, supporting its clinical utility in longitudinal HCC surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Radiation Risk Assessment in CT Imaging: Establishing Institutional Diagnostic Reference Levels and Personalized Dose Strategies for Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis Scans.","authors":"Zuhal Y Hamd, Huda I Almohammed, Elbagir Mansour, Abdoelrahman Hassan A B, Awadia Gareeballah","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> As a diagnostic radiology procedure, computed tomography (CT) contributes to patient radiation exposure; hence, it deserves special consideration. The use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is an efficient way to optimize patient radiation dosage. The computed tomography dose index volume (CTDIv) and the dose-length product (DLP) help to measure DRLs. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 patients (43.9% male, 56.1% female; mean age of 48.18 years) who underwent computed tomography chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CT CAP) scans using a Toshiba Aquilion Prime 160-slice CT scanner. Data included patient demographics, CT parameters (mA, tube rotation time, pitch, slice thickness, and slice count), and dose indices: dose length product (DLP), computed tomography dose index volume (CTDIvol), and effective dose. Cancer risks were calculated based on effective dose, patient demographics, and scan parameters. <b>Results:</b> This study demonstrated that the mean values for DLP, CTDIvol, and effective dose were 1719.64 ± 488.45 mGy·cm, 25.97 ± 6.96 mGy, and 27.5 ± 7.82 mSv, respectively. Cancer risk estimates ranged from 0.048% to 1.58%, with higher risks observed for females, younger patients. Significant correlations were found between dose indices and technical parameters, including pitch, kVp, tube rotation time, and slice thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.005). <b>Conclusions:</b> The mean values for DLP, CTDIvol, and effective dose for abdominopelvic scans were higher than those found in previous studies, with significant correlation of weight on these values. Optimizing CT protocols and establishing DRLs tailored to clinical indications are critical for minimizing radiation exposure and enhancing patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Amide Proton Transfer Weighted MRI in Predicting MGMTp Methylation Status, p53-Status, Ki-67 Index, IDH-Status, and ATRX Expression in WHO Grade 4 High Grade Glioma.","authors":"Faris Durmo, Jimmy Lätt, Anna Rydelius, Elisabet Englund, Tim Salomonsson, Patrick Liebig, Johan Bengzon, Peter C M van Zijl, Linda Knutsson, Pia C Sundgren","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To assess amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) MR imaging capabilities in differentiating high-grade glial tumors across alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) expression, tumor-suppressor protein p53 expression (p53), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMTp) methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status, and proliferation marker Ki-67 (Ki-67 index) as a preoperative diagnostic aid. <b>Material & Methods:</b> A total of 42 high-grade glioma WHO grade 4 (HGG) patients were evaluated prospectively (30 males and 12 females). All patients were examined using conventional MRI, including the following: T1w-MPRAGE pre- and post-contrast administration, conventional T2w and 3D FLAIR, and APTw imaging with a 3T MR scanner. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for the APTw% mean, median, and max signal for the different molecular biomarkers. A logistic regression model was constructed for combined mean and median APTw% signals for p53 expression. <b>Results:</b> The whole-tumor max APTw% signal could significantly differentiate MGMTp from non-MGMTp HGG, <i>p</i> = 0.035. A cutoff of 4.28% max APTw% signal yielded AUC (area under the curve) = 0.702, with 70.6% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity. The mean/median APTw% signals differed significantly in p53 normal versus p53-overexpressed HGG s: 1.81%/1.83% vs. 1.15%/1.18%, <i>p</i> = 0.002/0.006, respectively. Cutoffs of 1.25%/1.33% for the mean/median APTw% signals yielded AUCs of 0.786/0.757, sensitivities of 76.9%/76.9%, and specificities of 50%/66.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.002/0.006, respectively. A logistic regression model with a combined mean and median APTw% signal for p53 status yielded an AUC = 0.788 and 76.9% sensitivity and 66.2% specificity. ATRX-, IDH- wild type (wt) vs. mutation (mut), and the level of Ki-67 did not differ significantly, but trends were found: IDH-wt and low Ki-67 showed higher mean/median/max APTw% signals vs. IDH-mut and high Ki-67, respectively. ATRX-wt vs. mutation showed higher mean and median APTw% signals but lower max APTw% signal. <b>Conclusions</b>: APTw imaging can potentially be a useful marker for the stratification of p53 expression and MGMT status in high-grade glioma in the preoperative setting and potentially aid surgical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Update on DWI-MRI and Its Radiomics in Liver Fibrosis-A Review of the Literature.","authors":"Ali S Alyami","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive technique for acquiring liver pathology data and characterizing liver lesions. This modality shows promise for applications in the initial diagnosis and monitoring of liver diseases, providing valuable insights for clinical assessment and treatment strategies. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are advanced forms of DWI. These techniques have proven effective for assessing liver lesions, including liver tumors and fibrosis. However, the results can be inconsistent. Thus, it is essential to summarize the current applications of these methods in liver fibrosis, identify existing limitations, and suggest future directions for development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review assessed studies concerning liver DWI and its applications published in the PubMed database over the last nine years. It presents these techniques' fundamental principles and key factors before discussing their application in liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>It has been observed that advanced DWI sequences remain unreliable in ensuring the robustness and reproducibility of measurements when assessing liver fibrosis grades, due to inconsistent results and significant overlap among these techniques across different stages of fibrotic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Cardiac Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Aortic Valve Stenosis.","authors":"Hiroyuki Takaoka, Haruka Sasaki, Joji Ota, Yoshitada Noguchi, Moe Matsumoto, Kazuki Yoshida, Katsuya Suzuki, Shuhei Aoki, Satomi Yashima, Makiko Kinoshita, Noriko Suzuki-Eguchi, Yoshio Kobayashi","doi":"10.3390/tomography11060062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11060062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a valvular heart disease that imposes a high afterload on the left ventricle (LV) due to restricted opening of the aortic valve, resulting in LV hypertrophy. Severe AS can lead to syncope, angina pectoris, and heart failure. The number of patients with AS has been increasing due to aging populations, the growing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases, and advances in diagnostic technologies. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of AS are essential. In recent years, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become feasible, and the number of procedures has rapidly increased, particularly among elderly patients. As treatment options for AS expand and diversify, detailed pre-procedural evaluation has become increasingly important. In particular, diagnostic imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) have advanced significantly, with notable improvements in image quality. With recent advancements in CT technology-such as increased detector rows, faster gantry rotation speeds, new image reconstruction methods, and the introduction of dual-energy imaging-the scope of cardiac assessment has expanded beyond the coronary arteries to include valves, myocardium, and the entire heart. This includes evaluating restricted AV opening and cardiac function using four-dimensional imaging, assessing AV annulus diameter and AS severity via calcium scoring with a novel motion correction algorithm, and detecting myocardial damage through late-phase contrast imaging using new reconstruction techniques. In cases of pre-TAVI evaluation or congenital bicuspid valves, CT is also valuable for assessing extracardiac structures, such as access routes and associated congenital heart anomalies. In addition, recent advancements in CT technology have made it possible to significantly reduce radiation exposure during cardiac imaging. CT has become an extremely useful tool for comprehensive cardiac evaluation in patients with aortic stenosis, especially those being considered for surgical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}