Journal of Diabetes Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Problems in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by measurement of casual blood glucose levels at 24–28 gestational weeks","authors":"Masako Tomimoto,&nbsp;Kenji Tanimura,&nbsp;Naohisa Masuko,&nbsp;Akiko Uchida,&nbsp;Hitomi Imafuku,&nbsp;Masashi Deguchi,&nbsp;Akane Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yushi Hirota,&nbsp;Wataru Ogawa,&nbsp;Yoshito Terai","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14310","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the problems in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by casual blood glucose (CBG) measurements at 24–28 gestational weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 763 pregnant women who underwent the 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24–28 gestational weeks were enrolled. The preload blood glucose (0-h BG) level of 50-g GCT was considered as CBG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 240 women with BG levels at 1-h after loading (1-h BG) on 50-g GCT ≥140 mg/dL underwent the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and 98 (40.8%) were diagnosed with GDM. Of the 99 women with GDM, 71 (71.7%) had 0-h BG on 50-g GCT &lt;100 mg/dL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study, where pregnant women underwent both CBG and 50-g GCT simultaneously, showed that when CBG at 24–28 gestational weeks ≥100 mg/dL alone was used for screening GDM, many pregnant women with GDM were overlooked.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 12","pages":"1797-1802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A superior predictor for incident type 2 diabetes over traditional criteria – NAGALA study","authors":"Kimiko Sakai,&nbsp;Takuro Okamura,&nbsp;Ema Toyokuni,&nbsp;Hiroshi Okada,&nbsp;Akihiro Obora,&nbsp;Takao Kojima,&nbsp;Masahide Hamaguchi,&nbsp;Michiaki Fukui","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14315","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14315","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2023 Delphi consensus recommended the use of new term, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), aiming conceptual shift from the conventional non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development is well known. This study aimed to examine the correlation between MASLD and T2DM development, comparing their utility as predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cohort study obtained data from a medical health checkup program conducted at Asahi University Hospital, Japan, between 2004 and 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between MASLD and incident T2DM over 5 years. To compare the predictive utility of NAFLD and MASLD, receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn, followed by area under the curve (AUC) comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 15,039 participants (59.6% males; median [interquartile range {IQR}] age, 44 [38, 50] years) were included. Out of 2,682 participants meeting the criteria for MASLD, 234 individuals (8.7%) developed T2DM. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly elevated risk of T2DM in MASLD compared with the reference healthy group (without steatotic liver disease or cardiometabolic risk), presenting an OR of 127.00 (95% CI 40.40–399.00, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The concordance rate of diagnosis between NAFLD and MASLD was 98.7%. The AUC values were 0.799 for NAFLD and 0.807 for MASLD, respectively. Comparative analysis of the AUC showed a statistical difference between NAFLD and MASLD (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MASLD was shown to be a significant risk factor for incident T2DM, exhibiting a potentially higher predictive capacity than conventional NAFLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 12","pages":"1788-1796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association analysis between serum asprosin and metabolic characteristics, Complications in type 2 diabetic patients with different durations","authors":"Lijing Ma,&nbsp;Zhengqian Wang,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Mina Li,&nbsp;Qianqian Wu,&nbsp;Ming Liu,&nbsp;Minggang Xu,&nbsp;Guoliang Shi,&nbsp;Jianhong Yin,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Linxin Xu","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14313","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigated the association between serum asprosin and metabolic characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different durations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 436 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study from the community health service center in southeastern Shanxi Province. All the patients were divided into two groups according to their diabetes duration: diabetes duration ≤5 years group (<i>n</i> = 132) and diabetes duration ≥10 years group (<i>n</i> = 304). Fasting blood samples were gathered and serum asprosin was tested. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis was carried out.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asprosin was comparable between the two groups. Asprosin was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides, creatinine, serum uric acid and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the diabetes duration ≤5 years group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In the diabetes duration ≥10 years group, asprosin was independently correlated with SBP, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Asprosin was associated with alanine aminotransferase and estimated glomerular filtration rate (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis found that SBP and diastolic blood pressure is an independent factor related to serum asprosin in the group with diabetes duration ≤5 years (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Fasting plasma glucose, SBP, total cholesterol and serum uric acid is an independent factor related to serum asprosin in the group with diabetes duration ≥10 years (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum asprosin was significantly increased in the group with diabetes duration ≥10 years, and glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate were independent risk factors in long-duration type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 12","pages":"1781-1787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiopoietin-like 4 is a potential biomarker for diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients","authors":"Yan Wang,&nbsp;Kun Li,&nbsp;Shasha Yuan,&nbsp;Caiguo Yu,&nbsp;Ruili Yin,&nbsp;Di Wang,&nbsp;Yongsong Xu,&nbsp;Lijie Zhang,&nbsp;Lingling Wei,&nbsp;Yanan Cheng,&nbsp;Lin Mao,&nbsp;Dong Zhao,&nbsp;Longyan Yang","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14304","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between serum angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) levels and the severity of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1,115 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. DKD index included DKD stages defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate, the albuminuria grades and DKD risk management grades. Serum levels of ANGPTL4 and other biomarkers were detected. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic analyses were used to study the association between ANGPTL4 and DKD. The protein levels of ANGPTL4 were assessed in the kidney. Renal tubular cells were stimulated with glucose to study ANGPTL4 expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with the participants in the third or fourth quantile of ANGPTL4, those in the first or second quantile of ANGPTL4 were younger, with lower glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). There was a negative nonlinear relationship between ANGPTL4 and estimated glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. One standard deviation increased serum ANGPTL4 levels, the odds ratio of having DKD was 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.08–1.80). The mediation analysis showed that triglycerides did not mediate the association between ANGPTL4 and DKD. Furthermore, ANGPTL4 could be the strongest among multiple panels of biomarkers in its association of DKD. Compared with mice at 8 weeks-of-age, <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice at 18 weeks-of-age had increased ANGPTL4 expression in glomeruli and tubular segments. <i>In vitro</i>, glucose could stimulate ANGPTL4 expression in tubular cells in a dose-dependent manner.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ANGPTL4 could be a potential marker and therapeutic target for DKD treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 12","pages":"1763-1772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between income/employment status and diabetes care processes, health behaviors, and health outcomes in Japan: A cross-sectional study using claims data linked to a questionnaire survey","authors":"Takuya Yamaoka,&nbsp;Takehiro Sugiyama,&nbsp;Noriko Ihana-Sugiyama,&nbsp;Akiko Kimura,&nbsp;Kouko Yamamoto,&nbsp;Kenjiro Imai,&nbsp;Naoaki Kuroda,&nbsp;Mitsuru Ohsugi,&nbsp;Kohjiro Ueki,&nbsp;Toshimasa Yamauchi,&nbsp;Nanako Tamiya","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14301","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to explore the associations between income/employment status and diabetes care processes, health behaviors and health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study used health insurance claims data between April 2021 and March 2022, and a questionnaire survey between December 2022 and January 2023 in Tsukuba City. The study analyzed the participants with diabetes (other than type 1) from those selected by stratified random sampling. We evaluated diabetes care processes, health behaviors and health outcomes by calculating weighted proportions among the groups. We also assessed the associations between income/employment status and these variables using multivariable modified Poisson regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 264 identified participants, 161 (64.2%) were men and 168 (72.8%) were aged ≥65 years old. Compared with the low-income groups, the high-income group had a higher proportion of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.72), a higher proportion of attendance to annual health checkups for ≥2 years (aRR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07–2.64) and a lower proportion of all-cause hospitalization (aRR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04–0.48); additionally, the middle-income group had a lower proportion of high total outpatient medical expenses (aRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.92). Compared to the no work time group, the full-time work group had a lower proportion of exercise habits (aRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35–0.99) and a higher proportion of good self-reported health (aRR 2.08, 95% CI 1.22–3.55).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several variables were associated with income/employment status. Policy intervention should focus on high-risk groups identified by considering these associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1684-1695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition through henagliflozin ameliorates cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Shujun Zhang,&nbsp;Fen Wang,&nbsp;Lei Xie,&nbsp;Jialu Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Song,&nbsp;Jing Tao,&nbsp;Juan Chen,&nbsp;Delin Ma,&nbsp;Xuefeng Yu,&nbsp;Xiaoli Shi,&nbsp;Yan Yang","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14306","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess whether the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, henagliflozin, improves cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out a prospective study on 290 patients with type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels were used to assess cognition. The association between henagliflozin use and changes in cognition was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores at enrollment and after 6 months were 21 (interquartile range [IQR]19–23) versus 22 (IQR 20–25; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) in all patients, 21 (IQR 19–23) versus 24 (IQR 22–26; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) in the henagliflozin group and 21 (IQR 19–22) versus 21 (IQR 19–23; <i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) in the non-sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor group. Logistic regression analysis showed that henagliflozin treatment was associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment score improvement independent of potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] 3.670, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.224–6.056, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels significantly decreased at 6-month follow up in all patients (OR 11.5, 95% CI 9.9–13.7 vs OR 10.1, 95% CI 7.8–12.9, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and in the henagliflozin group (OR 11.5, 95% CI 10.3–13.0 vs OR 9.2, 95% CI 7.1–10.7, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), but not in the non-sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor group. Henagliflozin treatment was independently associated with decreased phosphorylated tau181 levels (OR 3.670, 95% CI 1.598–4.213, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Henagliflozin treatment was independently associated with improvements in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels, indicating significant beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1596-1603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence and treatment discontinuation of oral semaglutide and once-weekly semaglutide injection at 12 month follow-up: Japanese real-world data","authors":"Takeshi Horii,&nbsp;Chikako Masudo,&nbsp;Yui Takayanagi,&nbsp;Yoichi Oikawa,&nbsp;Akira Shimada,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Mihara","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adherence and treatment continuation rates of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) semaglutide for both oral (O-SEMA) and subcutaneous injection (SEMA-SC) remain unknown in real-world clinical practice. This retrospective observational study compared the 12 month adherence and treatment discontinuation of O-SEMA and once-weekly SEMA-SC in patients with type 2 diabetes using a real-world claims database. SEMA-SC initiators were 1:1 propensity score-matched to O-SEMA initiators. Non-adherence was defined as &lt;0.8 of the proportion of days covered. SEMA-SC had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for non-adherence than O-SEMA (OR: 1.39). The hazard ratio for treatment discontinuation, using O-SEMA as the reference, was 1.45 for SEMA-SC, although the discontinuation rate of O-SEMA was higher during the early stage. O-SEMA initiators showed significantly higher adherence and greater persistence in therapy than SEMA-SC initiators at 12 months, which could lead to earlier initiation of GLP-1RA treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1578-1584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor affecting severe atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Large-scale claim database analysis of Japan","authors":"Takeshi Horii,&nbsp;Yoichi Oikawa,&nbsp;Kasumi Kidowaki,&nbsp;Akira Shimada,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Mihara","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14284","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14284","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the exacerbation of the severity of atherothrombotic brain infarction at discharge in patients with type 2 diabetes using a large-scale claims database.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized the Medical Data Vision administrative claims database, a nationwide database in Japan using acute care hospital data, and the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system. Diagnosis Procedure Combination data collected between April 1, 2008, and December 31, 2022, were extracted. Patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Severe atherothrombotic brain infarction was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of ≥3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe atherothrombotic brain infarction occurred in 43,916/99,864 (44.0%) patients with type 2 diabetes. The odds ratio for severe atherothrombotic brain infarction increased significantly per 10 year increments in age (odds ratio: 1.69, 95% confidence interval: 1.66–1.71). A body mass index of &lt;25 kg/m², with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m² as reference, also increased the risk for severe atherothrombotic brain infarction (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.15). The odds ratios in insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor use were significantly higher than 1. In particular, statin use (odds ratio: 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.88), fibrate use (odds ratio: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.78), aspirin use (odds ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.80), and P2Y12 inhibitor use (odds ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.85–0.91) were associated with a lower odds ratio for severe atherothrombotic brain infarction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The active management of lipid levels using statins and fibrates may be beneficial in preventing the exacerbation of atherothrombotic brain infarction in type 2 diabetes patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1651-1662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on association of glycemic index and glycemic load with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality","authors":"Yi-Ting Hsieh,&nbsp;Ting-An Chou,&nbsp;Yi-Der Jiang","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14280","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The ongoing debate about the optimal types of carbohydrates for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and related conditions remains a central topic in medical and nutritional research. The ongoing uncertainty about whether glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) should be considered significant dietary factors in the prevention of chronic diseases in the general population. Understanding the relationship between dietary GI and GL and type 2 diabetes mellitus is important, especially in Asian populations where carbohydrate-rich diets are prevalent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The meta-analysis published in &lt;i&gt;The Lancet&lt;/i&gt; in 2019 extensively reviewed the impact of carbohydrate quality on health. It highlighted that while low GI and low GL diets are linked to a reduced incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular mortality, stroke mortality, and breast cancer incidence, these findings were accompanied by inconsistent benefits on overall mortality and the incidence of non-communicable diseases. The study also noted variable reductions in the risk for different health outcomes based on the quality of carbohydrate intake, particularly emphasizing the significant health benefits associated with high dietary fiber and whole grain intakes&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2024, a new meta-analysis was published in &lt;i&gt;The Lancet Diabetes &amp; Endocrinology&lt;/i&gt;, examining the associations between the GI and GL with major health outcomes such as the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, diabetes-related cancers, and all-cause mortality. The study analyzed large prospective cohorts with at least 100,000 participants and assessed the lowest and highest quantiles of GI and GL, as well as fiber and whole grain diets within these cohorts&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The meta-analysis identified ten large cohorts from the Richard Doll Consortium and analyzed 48 studies examining the effects of GI and GL on the outcomes of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results are summarized in Table 1, showing a positive correlation between high GI/GL diets and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes-related cancers&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Additionally, low GI/GL diets were associated with a reduced risk of diabetes, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. The article also compared the effects of high fiber and whole grain intake on health outcomes with the effects of low GI/GL diets, providing a new perspective on the potential value of these dietary characteristics in preventing chronic diseases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recruiting large cohorts with a very high number of cases, this study enhances the reliability of its conclusions. It covers not only GI/GL but also fiber and whole grains, and is more comprehensive in many aspects, especially including the addition of cancer and all-cause mortality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS) observed that high dietary GI/GL significantly increased the risk of diabetes, with a multivariable-adjusted relative risk (","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1545-1547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of coefficient of variation in continuous glucose monitoring for glycemic management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","authors":"Tatsuhiko Urakami,&nbsp;Hiroki Terada,&nbsp;Satomi Tanabe,&nbsp;Yusuke Mine,&nbsp;Masako Aoki,&nbsp;Ryoji Aoki,&nbsp;Junichi Suzuki,&nbsp;Ichiro Morioka","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14303","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coefficient of variation (CV) is an indicator for glucose variability in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and the target threshold of %CV in type 1 diabetes is proposed to be ≤36%. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of CV in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants included 66 children with type 1 diabetes. A total of 48 participants were treated with multiple daily injections of insulin, and 18 with continues subcutaneous insulin infusion, using intermittently scanned CGM. The frequencies of the CGM metrics and glycosylated hemoglobin values were examined, and the significance of a threshold %CV of 36% was evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean frequencies in time in range (TIR), time below range, %CV and the mean glycosylated hemoglobin value were 59.3 ± 16.1, 4.0 ± 3.5, 39.3 ± 6.2 and 7.3 ± 0.8%, respectively. The frequencies of participants who achieved a TIR &gt;70% and a %CV of ≤36% were 24.1 and 27.3%, respectively. A total of 18 participants with a %CV of ≤36% had significantly higher TIR, lower time below range and lower glycosylated hemoglobin than the 48 with a %CV of &gt;36% (72.6 ± 12.6 vs 52.4 ± 13.6, 2.4 ± 1.9 vs 4.6 ± 3.6, 6.9 ± 0.8 vs 7.4 ± 0.7%, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using intermittently scanned CGM had difficulties in achieving the recommended targets of TIR and CV. However, the target %CV of ≤36% seems to be an appropriate indicator for assessing glycemic control and risk of hypoglycemia in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes with any treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1669-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}