Journal of Diabetes Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Sulfonylurea prescription patterns in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive analysis of real-world data from pharmacies in Japan","authors":"Michiko Yamazaki,&nbsp;Tohru Takebe,&nbsp;Masaya Hosokawa,&nbsp;Tomoya Saika,&nbsp;Yutaka Nakao,&nbsp;Shunya Ikeda,&nbsp;Masaya Sakamoto","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aim was to investigate sulfonylurea prescription patterns in elderly patients (age ≥65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan. Sulfonylurea use among older adults has been insufficiently examined, despite the associated risks of hypoglycemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cross-sectional survey entailed analysis of Japanese pharmacy data, extracted from the <i>Musubi</i> database, for patients (age 20–100 years) prescribed sulfonylureas between November 2022 and October 2023. Dose distribution, adherence to the Diabetes Treatment Guidelines for the Elderly 2023 and coprescription of other diabetes medications were investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the total 91,229 patients, 80.1% were prescribed glimepiride, 16.3% gliclazide and 3.6% glibenclamide. In patients aged ≥65 years, exceeding the recommended dose (&gt;1 mg/day for glimepiride, &gt;40 mg/day for gliclazide) was numerically higher for glimepiride (25.0%) than for gliclazide (7.8%). The most common prescribing patterns were quadruple therapy with a sulfonylurea, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, an sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitor and a biguanide in patients aged 65 to &lt;75 years, and dual therapy with a sulfonylurea and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in patients aged ≥75 years. Unfortunately, glinide was coprescribed for 338 (0.5%) of elderly patients. Insulin was coprescribed for 3,682 (5.6%) of elderly patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of real-world sulfonylurea prescription data found guideline non-adherence, namely, excessive prescription of glimepiride, use of glibenclamide in elderly patients, and common coprescription with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. These findings might provide an opportunity to reconsider the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are over-prescribed sulfonylureas to reduce residual risks, such as hypoglycemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1604-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term safety of alginate-poly-L-ornithine microcapsules, enveloping human islet allografts, into nonimmunosuppressed patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Riccardo Calafiore,&nbsp;Giovanni Luca,&nbsp;Francesco Gaggia,&nbsp;Giuseppe Basta","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14300","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Many years ago, we reported on a pilot clinical trial of alginate-poly-L-ornithine (AG/PLO) microencapsulated human islet treatment (TX) into four nonimmunosuppressed patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes (file 19382, PRE 805, September 2003) under intensive exogenous insulin therapy, throughout 3 years post-TX follow up&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1, 2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The four recipients were selected from patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes (≥25 years), with no significant secondary complications of the disease, but unfair metabolic control, and out-of-range glycated hemoglobin levels. Under local anesthesia, and using ecography guidance, the microencapsulated human islets were delivered by gravity into the peritoneal cavity. No adverse effects during and after the procedure were observed. The clinical outcome was consistent with successful graft function, as assessed as by: (1) serum C-peptide levels, that were undetectable before the graft, and appeared and were sustained in all patients, rising to 2 ng/dL in one recipient (high sensitivity C-reactive protein assay); (2) significant improvement of several biochemical parameters, such as fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels, stabilization of glycated hemoglobin values ≤7%, and 50–75% reduction of the exogenous insulin daily dose (with 1/4 patients going off insulin, although transiently), throughout 400 days post-transplant, when the graft function was lost; (3) disappearance of nocturnal hypoglycemia unawareness in all recipients; and (4) no immune sensitization to islet cell antigens (negative ICA, anti-GAD65 and anti-HLA I–II antibodies) at 3 years post-TX in all recipients, which confirmed the immunobarrier competence associated with the AG/PLO microcapsules. Retrieval of a fraction of microcapsules from patient 1 at 3 years of TX showed almost still intact microspheres, containing no longer viable islets&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. During the subsequent years, all four patients reverted back to their usual daily insulin schedule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Currently, at 20 years of the TX, we wished to clinically re-evaluate the four patients. All of them are disease-free, except for type 1 diabetes, and enjoy fair metabolic control, on intensive exogenous insulin therapy. The four patients have undertaken clinical chemistry profile testing, as well as chest and abdominal imaging procedures (Table 1). Neither side-effects, related to the intraperitoneal microencapsulated islet grafting procedure, nor abnormalities at the level of either internal organs or clinical chemistry parameters, were detected.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, intraperitoneal AG/PLO microencapsulated islet allografts have been proven to represent a safe procedure, virtually free of any unwanted sequelae, at 20 years post-TX, despite the finite functional lifespan of the graft. Although a search for better-performing graft sites, as well as alternative sources of insulin-producing cells, are actively being pursued, the AG/PLO-based microcapsule","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1700-1701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theragnostic utility of continuous glucose monitoring in post-gastrectomy hypoglycemia","authors":"Heejun Son,&nbsp;Bon Hyang Lee,&nbsp;Young Min Cho","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14299","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diagnosing post-gastrectomy hypoglycemia is challenging, often relying on medical history with documented low plasma glucose levels. Here, we present three cases of patients who presented a high probability of post-gastrectomy hypoglycemia diagnosed and managed successfully using “theragnostic” continuous glucose monitoring and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. In the first week, patients maintained their current lifestyle without medical intervention; in the second week, voglibose 0.2 mg before meals was prescribed. Continuous glucose monitoring data from the first week confirmed the diagnosis with multiple hypoglycemic events after postprandial peaks, whereas data from the second week showed reduced hypoglycemic events and lower glycemic variability, demonstrating voglibose's therapeutic effect. This report highlights the effective management of post-gastrectomy hypoglycemia using voglibose and theragnostic continuous glucose monitoring, showing its potential benefits and safety for similar cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1696-1699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the integrated data platform combined with dietary management for adults with diabetes: A prospective randomized controlled trial","authors":"Xiyu Liu,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wang,&nbsp;Mengxun Xie,&nbsp;Lulu Cao","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14296","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the efficacy of the integrated data platform of cloud hospital combined with dietary management for adults with type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred eighty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated into a control group (Group A) and an experimental group (Group B). Routine standard diabetes care was applied to the patients in Group A. The integrated data platform with dietary management was applied to Group B. Individualized diabetes education videos were sent to the patients through the platform. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c and change in body weight from baseline to Week 12 during the follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At Week 12, HbA1c was 7.4 ± 0.7%, 6.9 ± 0.9% in Groups A and B, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01. The rate of fasting blood glucose &lt;7 mmol/L, and glycosylated hemoglobin &lt;7% was higher in Group B than in Group A. At Week 12, there was a significant weight loss and body mass index decrease in the overweight or obese patients of the experimental group. Those overweight or obese patients in the experimental group utilizing the appetite suppressant semaglutide achieved the most significant weight loss, with a 13.4% reduction after 12 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The integrated data platform combined with personalized diabetes education video delivery was verified to be a more effective management mode for diabetes. For overweight or obese adults with diabetes, the use of semaglutide in conjunction with dietary management and the integrated data platform led to greater weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1548-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142015780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable machine learning models based on shear-wave elastography radiomics for predicting cardiovascular disease in diabetic kidney disease patients","authors":"Ruihong Dai,&nbsp;Miaomiao Sun,&nbsp;Mei Lu,&nbsp;Lanhua Deng","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14294","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The risk of cardiovascular complications is significantly elevated in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recognizing the link between the progression of DKD and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is crucial to focus on the early prediction and management of CVD risk factors among these patients to potentially enhance their health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sought to bridge the existing gap by developing and validating machine learning (ML) models that utilize clinical data and shear wave elastography (SWE) radiomics features to identify patients at risk of CVD, ultimately aiming to improve the management of DKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 586 patients with DKD, dividing them into training and external validation cohorts. We categorized patients based on the presence or absence of CVD. Utilizing SWE imaging, we extracted and standardized radiomics features to develop multiple ML models. These models underwent internal validation using radiomics features alone, clinical data, or a combination thereof. The optimal model was then identified, and its feature importance was assessed through the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method, before proceeding to external validation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 586 patients analyzed, 30.7% (180/586) were identified as at risk for CVD. The study pinpointed six significant radiomics features related to CVD, alongside six critical pieces of clinical data. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) model outperformed others in both internal and external validations. Further, SHAP analysis highlighted five principal determinants of CVD risk, comprising three clinical indicators and two SWE radiomics features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the effectiveness of an SVM model that combines clinical and radiomics features in predicting CVD risk among DKD patients. It enables early prediction of CVD in this patient group, thereby supporting the implementation of timely and suitable interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1637-1650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142015783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of GenProb-T1D and its clinical utility for differentiating types of diabetes in a biobank from a US healthcare system","authors":"Liana K. Billings,&nbsp;Zhuqing Shi,&nbsp;Ashley J. Mulford,&nbsp;Jun Wei,&nbsp;Huy Tran,&nbsp;Annabelle Ashworth,&nbsp;S. Lilly Zheng,&nbsp;Henry M. Dunnenberger,&nbsp;Peter J. Hulick,&nbsp;Alan R. Sanders,&nbsp;Jianfeng Xu","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atypical diabetes with overlapping clinical features of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) is common and challenging diagnostically and for implementing effective treatment. Here, we validate a recently reported genetic probability of type 1 diabetes (GenProb-T1D) from the UK Biobank (UKB) for differentiating type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a diabetes patient cohort from a healthcare system-based biobank in the USA. Among 3,363 diabetes patients, we confirmed the performance of GenProb-T1D in differentiating typical type 1 diabetes vs type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, for 359 atypical diabetes patients, those with GenProb-T1D higher than the pre-defined cutoff derived from the UKB had clinical presentations more consistent with that of typical type 1 diabetes. Similar findings were found in participants of European and non-European ancestries. This study provides necessary validation to translate GenProb-T1D into genetic testing in a multi-ancestry cohort. Measuring underlying genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes can supplement current clinical tools for earlier and more accurate diagnoses of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"16 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142015784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haptoglobin phenotype and levels in type 2 diabetes and effects of fenofibrate","authors":"Andrzej S. Januszewski,&nbsp;Hayden K. Young,&nbsp;Kwok-Leung Ong,&nbsp;Liping Li,&nbsp;Rachel L. O’Connell,&nbsp;Timothy J. Lyons,&nbsp;Clare Kelly,&nbsp;Dessi P. Zaharieva,&nbsp;David R. Sullivan,&nbsp;Russell S. Scott,&nbsp;Anthony C. Keech,&nbsp;Alicia J. Jenkins,&nbsp;the FIELD Study Investigators","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14290","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14290","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In diabetes haptoglobin (Hp) 2 vs Hp 1 allelic product is associated with cardiac and renal complications. Few studies report both Hp phenotype and Hp levels. In a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial substudy we evaluated the Hp phenotype, Hp levels, and fenofibrate effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 480 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) the Hp phenotype was assessed and the Hp level quantified (both using ELISAs assays) in plasma from baseline, after 6 weeks of fenofibrate, and (in <i>n</i> = 200) at 2 years post-randomization to fenofibrate or placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Hp phenotypes 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2 frequencies were 15%, 49%, and 36%, respectively. Baseline Hp levels differed by phenotype (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and decreased (median 21%) after 6 weeks fenofibrate in all phenotypes (adjusted mean (95% CI): −0.27 (−0.32, −0.23) mg/mL in Hp 1-1, −0.29 (−0.31, −0.27) mg/mL in Hp 2-1 and −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) mg/mL in Hp 2-2 (<i>P</i> = 0.005 and <i>P</i> = 0.055 vs Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1, respectively)). At 2 years post-randomization the Hp levels in the placebo group had returned to baseline, whilst the fenofibrate-group levels remained similar to the 6 week levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In type 2 diabetes, Hp levels differ by Hp phenotype and are decreased by fenofibrate in all phenotypes, but the effect is diminished in Hp 2-2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1663-1668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142015782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIONEER REAL Japan: Primary results from a multicenter, prospective, real-world study of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in Japanese clinical practice","authors":"Daisuke Yabe,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Hamamoto,&nbsp;Daiji Kawanami,&nbsp;Rimei Nishimura,&nbsp;Yasuo Terauchi,&nbsp;Hanan Amadid,&nbsp;Uffe Christian Braae,&nbsp;Atheline Major-Pedersen,&nbsp;Ryo Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14291","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14291","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PIONEER REAL Japan was a non-interventional prospective study of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in Japanese clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults naïve to injectable glucose-lowering therapies initiated oral semaglutide in routine clinical practice and were followed for 34–44 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) from baseline to end of study; the co-primary endpoint was number of adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoints included change in bodyweight from baseline to end of study. Analyses were also carried out for subgroups aged &lt;75 and ≥75 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 624 participants initiated oral semaglutide; 578 completed the study. Mean baseline HbA_1c and bodyweight were 7.7% and 72.4 kg, respectively. At end of study, estimated change (95% confidence interval [CI]) in HbA_1c from baseline was −0.7 percentage points (−0.77, −0.61) overall, −0.8 percentage points (−0.86, −0.67) in the &lt;75 years subgroup and −0.5 percentage points (−0.68, −0.41) in the ≥75 years subgroup (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). Estimated change (95% CI) in bodyweight was −2.8 (−3.19, −2.50) kg overall, −2.9 (−3.38, −2.49) kg in the &lt;75 years subgroup and − 2.7 (−3.18, −2.14) kg in the ≥75 years subgroup (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). AEs occurred in 161 (25.8%) participants: 99 of 423 (23.4%) and 62 of 201 (30.8%) participants in the &lt;75 and ≥75 years subgroups, respectively. Gastrointestinal AEs were the AEs most frequently leading to oral semaglutide discontinuation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In routine clinical practice, HbA_1c and bodyweight were significantly reduced from baseline in adults initiating oral semaglutide, including those aged ≥75 years, with no new safety concerns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1566-1577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142034712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calpeptin improves the cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease-like complications of diabetes mellitus rats by regulating TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome","authors":"Luyao Qiao,&nbsp;Shouqin Yi,&nbsp;Tianpei Li,&nbsp;Xin Pan,&nbsp;Gege Wang,&nbsp;Xu Liu,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Jun Min,&nbsp;Huahui Le,&nbsp;Zhenyu Tang","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14292","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14292","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is considered an accelerator of AD. Our previous study has confirmed that the Calpain inhibitor Calpeptin may alleviate AD-like complications of diabetes mellitus. This work further investigated its underlying mechanism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus rat model was constructed by a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin, followed by the administration of Calpeptin. Moreover, rats were micro-injected with LV-TXNIP-OE/vector into the CA1 region of the hippocampus one day before streptozotocin injection. The Morris water maze test assessed the spatial learning and memory ability of rats. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting detected the expression of the pericyte marker PDGFRβ, tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1, calpain-1, calpain-2, APP, Aβ, Aβ-related, and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins. Immunofluorescence staining examined the blood vessel density and neurons in the hippocampus. Evans blue extravasation and fluorescence detected the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in rats. Additionally, the oxidative stress markers and inflammatory-related factors were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calpeptin effectively reduced the expression of Calpain-2 and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, improved the decreased pericyte marker (PDGFR-β) and cognitive impairment in hippocampus of DM rats. The neuronal loss, microvessel density, permeability of BBB, Aβ accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress injury in the hippocampus of DM rats were also partly rescued by calpeptin treatment. The influence conferred by calpeptin treatment was reversed by TXNIP overexpression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data demonstrated that calpeptin treatment alleviated AD-like symptoms in DM rats through regulating TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, calpeptin may be a potential drug to treat AD-like complications of diabetes mellitus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 10","pages":"1365-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142015781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways for synergic effects on improving features of peripheral diabetic neuropathy","authors":"Vuong M. Pham","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14289","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most serious and common complications of diabetes with a wide spectrum, affecting 30–50% of diabetic patients. However, the current treatments of this disorder, mainly based on controlling blood glucose level, show an inadequate clinical outcome. Better approaches are needed. In this fashion, it is noted that promoting nerve regeneration and preventing nerve degeneration should be focused on equally and appropriately. In this mini review, how more effective approaches are in targeting PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways in the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy is discussed. Future treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy should consider these approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 11","pages":"1537-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}