Journal of Diabetes Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Internet of things-based approach for glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ryotaro Bouchi,&nbsp;Kazuo Izumi,&nbsp;Naoki Ishizuka,&nbsp;Yukari Uemura,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ohtsu,&nbsp;Kengo Miyo,&nbsp;Shigeho Tanaka,&nbsp;Noriko Satoh-Asahara,&nbsp;Kazuo Hara,&nbsp;Masato Odawara,&nbsp;Yoshiki Kusunoki,&nbsp;Hidenori Koyama,&nbsp;Takeshi Onoue,&nbsp;Hiroshi Arima,&nbsp;Kazuyo Tsushita,&nbsp;Hirotaka Watada,&nbsp;Takashi Kadowaki,&nbsp;Kohjiro Ueki","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14227","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The utilization of long-term effect of internet of things (IoT) on glycemic control is controversial. This trial aimed to examine the effect of an IoT-based approach for type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This randomized controlled trial enrolled 1,159 adults aged 20–74 years with type 2 diabetes with a HbA1c of 6.0–8.9% (42–74 mmol/mol), who were using a smartphone on a daily basis were randomly assigned to either the IoT-based approach group (ITG) or the control group (CTG). The ITG were supervised to utilize an IoT automated system that demonstrates a summary of lifelogging data (weight, blood pressure, and physical activities) and provides feedback messages that promote behavioral changes in both diet and exercise. The primary end point was a HbA1c change over 52 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the patients, 581 were assigned to the ITG and 578 were in the CTG. The changes in HbA1c from baseline to the final measurement at 52 weeks [mean (standard deviation)] were −0.000 (0.6225)% in ITG and − 0.006 (0.6449)% in CTG, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.8766). In the per protocol set, including ITG using the IoT system almost daily and CTG, excluding those using the application almost daily, the difference in HbA1c from baseline to 52 weeks were −0.098 (0.579)% and 0.027 (0.571)%, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.0201). We observed no significant difference in the adverse event profile between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The IoT-based approach did not reduce HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. IoT-based intervention using data on the daily glycemic control and HbA1c level may be required to improve glycemic control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 9","pages":"1287-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial ALDH2 improves ß-cell survival and function against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis by targeting CK2 signaling","authors":"Udayakumar Karunakaran,&nbsp;Eun Yeong Ha,&nbsp;Suma Elumalai,&nbsp;Kyu Chang Won,&nbsp;Jun Sung Moon","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14230","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to better understand how the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin contributes to the development of β-cell dysfunction and to explore its relationship with mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In order to investigate this hypothesis, doxorubicin was administered to INS-1 cells, a rat insulinoma cell line, either with or without several target protein activators and inhibitors. ALDH2 activity was detected with a commercial kit and protein levels were determined with western blot. Mitochondrial ROS, membrane potential, and lipid ROS were determined by commercial fluorescent probes. The cell viability was measured by CCK-assay.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure of INS-1 cells to doxorubicin decreased active insulin signaling resulting in elevated ALDH2 degradation, compared with control cells by the induction of acid sphingomyelinase mediated ceramide induction. Further, ceramide induction potentiated doxorubicin induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with the ALDH2 agonist, ALDA1, blocked doxorubicin-induced acid sphingomyelinase activation which significantly blocked ceramide induction and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated cell death. Treatment with the ALDH2 agonist, ALDA1, stimulated casein kinase-2 (CK2) mediated insulin signaling activation. CK2 silencing neutralized the function of ALDH2 in the doxorubicin treated INS-1 cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mitochondrial ALDH2 activation could inhibit the progression of doxorubicin induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction by inhibiting the acid sphingomyelinase induction of ceramide, by regulating the activation of CK2 signaling. Our research lays the foundation of ALDH2 activation as a therapeutic target for the precise treatment of chemotherapy drug induced β-cell dysfunction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 6","pages":"684-692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIONEER REAL Japan: Baseline characteristics of a multicenter, prospective, real-world study of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice in Japan","authors":"Ryo Suzuki,&nbsp;Hanan Amadid,&nbsp;Atheline Major-Pedersen,&nbsp;Daisuke Yabe","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PIONEER REAL Japan was a non-interventional, multicenter, prospective study investigating oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice. We report baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults aged ≥20 years with type 2 diabetes but no previous treatment with injectable glucose-lowering medication were enrolled. Participants initiated oral semaglutide at their treating physician's discretion and were followed for 34–44 weeks. Participants were stratified into &lt;75-year-old and ≥75-year-old subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 624 participants initiated the study. The mean (standard deviation) age was 64.1 years (14.1), the mean (standard deviation) body weight was 72.4 kg (16.1), and the mean (standard deviation) body mass index was 27.5 kg/m² (5.0). Participants had a median (interquartile range) type 2 diabetes duration of 9.3 years (4.2, 15.2) and mean (standard deviation) glycated hemoglobin 7.7% (1.1). Most (75.6%) participants were taking glucose-lowering medications at baseline; the most common was metformin (51.9%). The main reasons for initiating oral semaglutide were glycemic control and weight loss. Most (86.0%) participants had an individualized target for glycemic control of glycated hemoglobin ≤7%. The &lt;75-year-old subgroup was heavier (mean [standard deviation] body mass index 28.6 kg/m² [5.2] vs 25.1 kg/m² [3.4]) but had comparable glycated hemoglobin levels (mean [standard deviation] 7.7% [1.2] vs 7.8% [1.0]) to the ≥75-year-old subgroup.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PIONEER REAL Japan describes the characteristics of individuals with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral semaglutide. The baseline characteristics provide insights into Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral semaglutide in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 8","pages":"1047-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial of the long-term safety of empagliflozin treatment for refractory diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance (EMPIRE-02)","authors":"Yushi Hirota,&nbsp;Yasumasa Kakei,&nbsp;Junta Imai,&nbsp;Hideki Katagiri,&nbsp;Ken Ebihara,&nbsp;Jun Wada,&nbsp;Junichi Suzuki,&nbsp;Tatsuhiko Urakami,&nbsp;Takashi Omori,&nbsp;Wataru Ogawa","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14226","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14226","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insulin resistance syndrome and lipoatrophic diabetes are rare conditions characterized by the development of treatment-refractory diabetes with severe insulin resistance. We recently conducted a 24 week, multicenter, single-arm trial (EMPIRE-01) that demonstrated a certain level of effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin for these conditions. To evaluate treatment safety over a longer period, we have now performed an additional 28 week trial (EMPIRE-02) that followed on from EMPIRE-01.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary and secondary outcomes were safety and efficacy evaluations, respectively. All eight subjects of the EMPIRE-01 trial participated in EMPIRE-02.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty adverse events (AEs) were recorded among five individuals during the combined 52 week treatment period of both trials. Whereas one case of chronic hepatitis B was moderate in severity, all other AEs were mild. There were thus no serious AEs or events necessitating discontinuation or suspension of treatment or a reduction in drug dose. Whereas ketoacidosis or marked increases in serum ketone body levels were not observed, the mean body mass of the subjects was decreased slightly after completion of EMPIRE-02. The improvement in mean values of glycemic parameters observed in EMPIRE-01 was not sustained in EMPIRE-02, mostly because of one individual whose parameters deteriorated markedly, likely as a result of nonadherence to diet therapy. The improvement in glycemic parameters was sustained during EMPIRE-02 after exclusion of this subject from analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Empagliflozin demonstrated a certain level of safety and efficacy for the treatment of insulin resistance syndrome and lipoatrophic diabetes over 52 weeks, confirming its potential as a therapeutic option.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 9","pages":"1211-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and tolerability of oral semaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analysis report from diabetes specialist clinics","authors":"Tetsuaki Inokuchi,&nbsp;Yoshihide Fukumoto,&nbsp;Gendai Lee,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Yokomizo,&nbsp;Kokichi Tanaka,&nbsp;Michiko Chosa,&nbsp;Masaru Doi,&nbsp;Noboru Tamaki,&nbsp;Seiichi Goto,&nbsp;Kojiro Ichikawa,&nbsp;Kazuo Kobayashi","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14225","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14225","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ras) have emerged as pivotal agents in diabetes management and organ protection. However, their use is limited due to the necessity for injectable administration. The advent of the first oral GLP1Ra (oral semaglutide) in Japan since 2021 is expected to expand its usage. The aim of this study is to survey the efficacy and tolerability of oral semaglutide in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively analyzed 120 outpatients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had received oral semaglutide for &gt;6 months. Changes in clinical parameters during oral semaglutide treatment from baseline to 12 months were analyzed. The inverse probability weighting method using the propensity score was used to evaluate the differences in clinical parameters at 6 months after treatment, based on the patients’ obesity levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body weight (BW), glycated hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at baseline decreased significantly after treatment compared with those at 12 months (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, and <i>P</i> = 0.03, respectively). The patients were divided into two groups using a cutoff baseline body mass index (BMI) of 30.3 kg/m². Although no significant difference was observed, changes in body weight and HbA_1c indicated a potentially greater decrease in the BMI ≧ 30.3 group than that in the BMI &lt; 30.3 group (<i>P</i> = 0.07 and 0.13, respectively). Among 206 registered patients, 25 (12.1%) discontinued oral-semaglutide treatment owing to adverse effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oral semaglutide treatment demonstrates efficacy and tolerability for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan. Significant improvements in metabolic factors induced by oral semaglutide are anticipated, particularly in obese patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 9","pages":"1202-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic variability is associated with sural nerve conduction velocity in outpatients with type 2 diabetes: Usefulness of a new point-of-care device for nerve conduction studies","authors":"Machiko Morita,&nbsp;Kentaro Sada,&nbsp;Shuji Hidaka,&nbsp;Miki Ogawa,&nbsp;Hirotaka Shibata","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although several studies have shown the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic variability (GV) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, no studies have focused on outpatients or used NC-stat®/DPNCheck™, a new point-of-care device for nerve conduction study (NCS). We investigated the association between CGM-derived GV and NCS using DPNCheck™ in outpatients with type 2 diabetes, and further analyzed the difference in results between patients with and without well-controlled HbA1c levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All outpatients with type 2 diabetes using the CGM device (FreeStyle Libre Pro®) between 2017 and 2022 were investigated. Sural nerve conduction was evaluated by sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) using DPNCheck™. Associations of CGM-derived GV metrics with SNAP amplitude and SCV were investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 304 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were included. In a linear regression model, most CGM-derived GV metrics except for the mean amplitude of glucose excursion and low blood glucose index were significantly associated with SCV, but not with SNAP amplitude. The significant associations of most CGM-derived GV metrics with SCV remained after adjustment for possible confounding factors, but not after adjustment for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Most CGM-derived GV metrics were significantly associated with SCV after adjustment for HbA1c in patients with a HbA1c ≤ 6.9%, but not in those with a HbA1c ≥ 7.0%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In outpatients with type 2 diabetes, multiple CGM-derived GV metrics were significantly associated with SCV obtained by DPNCheck™. GV may have independent impacts on peripheral nerve function, particularly in patients with well-controlled HbA1c levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 8","pages":"1075-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing lipid control in Taiwanese diabetic patients: A collaborative consensus by the Diabetes Association of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Taiwanese Association of Diabetes Educators","authors":"Feng-Chih Shen,&nbsp;Chih-Hsun Chu,&nbsp;Jung-Fu Chen,&nbsp;Chin-Sung Kuo,&nbsp;Chih-Yao Hsu,&nbsp;Ching-Han Lin,&nbsp;Yi-Jing Sheen,&nbsp;Sheng-Chiang Su,&nbsp;Kai-Jen Tien,&nbsp;Chieh-Hua Lu,&nbsp;Chun-Chuan Lee,&nbsp;Yi-Sun Yang,&nbsp;Shih-Te Tu,&nbsp;Po-Tsang Chen,&nbsp;Ching-Chu Chen,&nbsp;Ming-Nan Chien,&nbsp;Hung-Yuan Li,&nbsp;Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu,&nbsp;Chien-Ning Huang,&nbsp;Chih-Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Horng-Yih Ou","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present an in-depth analysis of dyslipidemia management strategies for patients with diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. It critically examines the disparity between established guideline recommendations and actual clinical practices, particularly in the context of evolving policies affecting statin prescriptions. The focus is on synthesizing the most recent findings concerning lipid management in patients with diabetes mellitus, with a special emphasis on establishing consensus regarding low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment targets. The article culminates in providing comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations tailored to the unique needs of those living with diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. It underscores the criticality of personalized care approaches, which incorporate multifaceted factors, and the integration of novel therapeutic options to enhance cardiovascular health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 8","pages":"1151-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic beta-cell mass and function and therapeutic implications of using antidiabetic medications in type 2 diabetes","authors":"Joon Ho Moon,&nbsp;Hun Jee Choe,&nbsp;Soo Lim","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14221","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nowadays, the focus of diabetes treatment has switched from lowering the glucose level to preserving glycemic homeostasis and slowing the disease progression. The main pathophysiology of both type 1 diabetes and long-standing type 2 diabetes is pancreatic β-cell mass loss and dysfunction. According to recent research, human pancreatic β-cells possess the ability to proliferate in response to elevated insulin demands. It has been demonstrated that in insulin-resistant conditions in humans, such as obesity or pregnancy, the β-cell mass increases. This ability could be helpful in developing novel treatment approaches to restore a functional β-cell mass. Treatment strategies aimed at boosting β-cell function and mass may be a useful tool for managing diabetes mellitus and stopping its progression. This review outlines the processes of β-cell failure and detail the many β-cell abnormalities that manifest in people with diabetes mellitus. We also go over standard techniques for determining the mass and function of β-cells. Lastly, we provide the therapeutic implications of utilizing antidiabetic drugs in controlling the mass and function of pancreatic β-cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 6","pages":"669-683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible etiological role of impaired endogenous double strand RNA editing in β-cells in type 1 diabetes","authors":"Junta Imai","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14224","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proposed mechanisms by which disruption of endogenous dsRNA editing in β-cells leads to type 1 diabetes-like phenotypes in βAdarKO mice. Disruption of endogenous dsRNA editing in β-cells initiates IFN responses, thereby inducing pancreatic islet inflammation and β-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia induced by β-cell dysfunction further promotes islet inflammation, likely via increased dsRNA resulting from increased β-cell workload, thereby producing a vicious cycle. The mechanism by which impairment of dsRNA editing is integrated with autoimmune-mediated pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes remains to be clarified.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 9","pages":"1171-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between variation in hemoglobin A1c levels and diabetes therapy-related quality of life in patients with diabetes","authors":"Dan Imai,&nbsp;Emi Ushigome,&nbsp;Ryosuke Sakai,&nbsp;Noriyuki Kitagawa,&nbsp;Masahide Hamaguchi,&nbsp;Masahiro Yamazaki,&nbsp;Michiaki Fukui","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability and quality of life (QOL) in patients with diabetes, which has not been studied previously.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients who were undergoing treatment at the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital and Kameoka City Hospital participated in the KAMOGAWA-DM study, and completed the diabetes therapy-related (DTR)-QOL questionnaire from January 2016 to July 2020 were included in this study. We used linear regression analyses to compare the association between DTR-QOL scores and glycemic variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included a total of 635 patients in this analysis. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of these patients were measured at least four times during the 9-month period, before and after answering the questionnaire. Results showed that HbA1c variability, HbA1c mean and duration of diabetes were negatively associated with the total DTR-QOL score. Conversely, the body mass index and total DTR-QOL score were positively associated with HbA1c variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A small variation in HbA1c level was associated with higher total DTR-QOL scores and the scores for each factor. Reducing blood glucose variability is significant when we treat diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51250,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"15 8","pages":"1042-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}