Virus Genes最新文献_第6页

Expanding geographical and genetic footprint of tobacco streak virus in Northern India: first documentation from cotton in Haryana. 扩大烟草条纹病毒在印度北部的地理和遗传足迹：哈里亚纳邦棉花的首次记录。

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02229-8

Anil Kumar Saini, Shubham Saini, Kishor Kumar, Pankhuri Singhal, Adesh Kumar, Karmal Singh, Anil Jakhar, Sandeep Kumar, Ankit Bishnoi, Satish Kumar Sain, Aniket Angira

引用次数: 0

Genetic analysis of the SH gene of mumps virus genotype C in Kerala during 2024-25. 喀拉拉邦2024- 2025年流行性腮腺炎病毒C型SH基因的遗传分析

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02233-y

Rajendra Kumar, Minju Sara Simon, B Aneesh, P S Chippy, Arun V Jose, Amogh Auti, D J Hima, S Aswathyraj, E Sreekumar

{"title":"Genetic analysis of the SH gene of mumps virus genotype C in Kerala during 2024-25.","authors":"Rajendra Kumar, Minju Sara Simon, B Aneesh, P S Chippy, Arun V Jose, Amogh Auti, D J Hima, S Aswathyraj, E Sreekumar","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02233-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02233-y","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the majority of mumps virus (MuV) cases are underreported, and a significant proportion of cases do not exhibit classic symptoms, such as swelling of the parotid glands. Although MuV infection is a vaccine-preventable illness, the genomic characterisation of currently circulating strains in various parts of the country is essential to understand the molecular epidemiology and vaccine coverage. The present study was designed to identify the genotypes and genetic variations within the small hydrophobic (SH) gene of MuV circulating in Kerala, India, from October 2024 to February 2025. Viral RNA was extracted from saliva and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of individuals suspected of viral meningitis or encephalitis. These samples were tested using the TaqMan real-time PCR assay, while blood samples were analysed for IgM antibodies. A total of 45 cases were confirmed as mumps positive. Most of the laboratory-confirmed cases were children aged 3 to 7 years. Among the PCR and PCR/IgM-positive cases, 26 samples were successfully genotyped and deposited in GenBank (accession numbers PV483811-PV483836). Analysis of the SH gene from 26 MuV samples revealed that all were of genotype C, confirming it as the circulating strain. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of MuV in the region. Notable SH gene variations and amino acid differences from vaccine strains were observed. The VIS motif at positions 28-30 was conserved among the sequences. Significant variation at position 44 included substitutions H ↔ Y (+ 1), H ↔ S (-2), and Y ↔ S (-3), which may contribute to MuV pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of a novel Robigovirus infecting wild cherry trees in Tunisia. 一种感染突尼斯野生樱桃树的新型robigvirus的鉴定和特性分析。

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02234-x

Amani Ben Slimen, Manel Elair, Naima Mahfoudhi, Michele Digiaro

{"title":"Identification and characterization of a novel Robigovirus infecting wild cherry trees in Tunisia.","authors":"Amani Ben Slimen, Manel Elair, Naima Mahfoudhi, Michele Digiaro","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02234-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02234-x","url":null,"abstract":"Wild rosaceous species may act as reservoirs for viruses infecting cultivated stone fruits. In this study, we surveyed wild cherry (Prunus avium) populations in forested areas of Tunisia in spring 2024. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of pooled leaf samples revealed viral genomic fragments related to members of the genus Robigovirus. Here, we report the identification, complete genome sequencing, and preliminary prevalence assessment of a novel RNA virus from wild cherry, tentatively named wild cherry-associated virus (WCaV). The 8,254-nt genome comprises five canonical open reading frames (ORFs) exhibiting the typical organization of Robigovirus. These ORFs encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (228.2 kDa), three triple gene block proteins (24.6, 12.4, and 7.2 kDa, respectively), a coat protein (28.8 kDa), and an overlapping hypothetical protein (ORF5a; 14.5 kDa). Phylogenetic inference, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping, and recombination analyses indicate that WCaV constitutes a genetically distinct lineage within the genus. Field surveys showed limited local prevalence, consistent with a single-strain infection. Overall, this work broadens the known diversity of Robigovirus and provides the first molecular evidence of a novel Robigovirus infecting wild P. avium in Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"378-387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic analysis identifies unreported adaptive mutations in monkeypox virus immune evasion genes. 基因组分析鉴定了猴痘病毒免疫逃避基因中未报道的适应性突变。

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02235-w

Ann Steffi Sharon John, Mirudhula Kamakshi Mohan Ramaswamy, Harihar Balasubramanian, Karthick Selvaraj, Thenmozhi Marudhadurai, M R Asraf Sithikka, Gayathri Elangovan, Manojkumar Kumaran, Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan, Konda Mani Saravanan

{"title":"Genomic analysis identifies unreported adaptive mutations in monkeypox virus immune evasion genes.","authors":"Ann Steffi Sharon John, Mirudhula Kamakshi Mohan Ramaswamy, Harihar Balasubramanian, Karthick Selvaraj, Thenmozhi Marudhadurai, M R Asraf Sithikka, Gayathri Elangovan, Manojkumar Kumaran, Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan, Konda Mani Saravanan","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02235-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02235-w","url":null,"abstract":"Mpox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus that has recently gained attention due to outbreaks. In the presence of these constantly changing global health threats, genomic surveillance of the MPXV is no longer a choice but a necessity. The MPXV has diversified through mutation and adaptation, giving rise to distinct clades. In this study, the Nextclade tool was used to identify amino acid substitutions in immune evasion genes relative to the reference genome NC_063383.1 across the African, European, and Asian continents. Crm-B secreted TNF-alpha receptor-like protein, Bcl-2-like protein, and B22R Serpin are key immune evasion proteins, exhibited a high prevalence of mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of lineage-specific mutations was performed on genes encoding immune evasion proteins, such as OPG002, OPG176, and OPG210. CGView analysis revealed different genomic structures for these genes, whereas InterProScan identified important functional domains associated with immune modulation. The sets provide important clues into the mutational landscape of the MPXV, underscoring the crucial need for continued monitoring of viral adaptation and the emergence of new variants. These mutations have not been reported previously in this dataset of 40 sequences. However, confirming their global frequency needs larger genomic MPXV datasets, studies, and experimental testing. These findings are based on a hypothesis and are specific to functional and genomic scrutiny.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"308-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular detection and genetic characterization of pestiviruses associated with abortion in domestic small ruminants in Türkiye. <s:1>基耶省家养小反刍动物流产相关鼠疫病毒的分子检测和遗传特征分析。

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02231-0

Ali Riza Babaoglu, Mehmet Özkan Timurkan, Fatma Ertaş Oğuz, Özlem Orunç Kılınç, Davut Koca

{"title":"Molecular detection and genetic characterization of pestiviruses associated with abortion in domestic small ruminants in Türkiye.","authors":"Ali Riza Babaoglu, Mehmet Özkan Timurkan, Fatma Ertaş Oğuz, Özlem Orunç Kılınç, Davut Koca","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02231-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02231-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion in small ruminants significantly reduces productivity, with pestiviruses recognized as major viral contributors. Due to their broad host range, sheep can be infected not only by classical pestiviruses, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus, but also by newly identified pestivirus species. This study aimed to molecularly detect and genetically characterize pestiviruses associated with abortion in small ruminants from eastern Türkiye and to evaluate their epidemiological distribution. Samples from 85 sheep and 14 goats were tested for pestivirus RNA using a pan‑pestivirus 5' untranslated region RT‑PCR assay and screened for Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Pestivirus RNA was detected in 13 of 99 animals (13.13%; 95% CI 7.2-21.3%), whereas SBV RNA and viral co-infections were not detected. Sequencing of eight positive samples revealed two distinct species: Pestivirus A (BVDV-1a) and Pestivirus I (Aydin-like pestivirus). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that BVDV‑1a sequences were closely related to Turkish cattle strains, supporting cross‑species transmission, while Aydin‑like pestiviruses clustered with local ovine isolates. Overall, the circulation of BVDV‑1a and Aydin‑like pestiviruses highlights their important role in small ruminant reproductive losses and underscores the need for integrated surveillance, including the identification of persistently infected animals, vaccination strategies, and improved biosecurity measures.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"351-359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A genetically-distinct Pigeon Paramyxovirus-I isolate fails to cross-react with neutralizing antibodies raised by LaSota vaccine in chicken. 一种基因上不同的鸽子副粘病毒- 1分离物不能与LaSota疫苗引起的中和抗体交叉反应。

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02228-9

Irfan Gul, Muzamil Ahmad Rather, Amreena Hassan, Azmat Alam Khan, Nazir Ahmad Ganai, Akeel Bashir, Sharath Chandra Goud, Zulfuqarul Haq, Ashaq Hussain Mir, Shuyaib Ahmad Kamil, Basharat Maqbool Wani, Naveed Anjum Chikan, Nadeem Shabir

{"title":"A genetically-distinct Pigeon Paramyxovirus-I isolate fails to cross-react with neutralizing antibodies raised by LaSota vaccine in chicken.","authors":"Irfan Gul, Muzamil Ahmad Rather, Amreena Hassan, Azmat Alam Khan, Nazir Ahmad Ganai, Akeel Bashir, Sharath Chandra Goud, Zulfuqarul Haq, Ashaq Hussain Mir, Shuyaib Ahmad Kamil, Basharat Maqbool Wani, Naveed Anjum Chikan, Nadeem Shabir","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02228-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02228-9","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) is a major cause of mortality in domestic and free-living pigeons worldwide and has the potential to infect chickens, posing risks to the poultry sector. This study investigated a severe outbreak of PPMV-1 in a racing pigeon loft in Srinagar, India, despite routine vaccination with the LaSota strain. Molecular screening of 30 clinical samples identified NDV in 18 birds by real-time qPCR targeting the matrix gene. Histopathology revealed characteristic viscerotropic lesions, including epithelial necrosis and congestion in the proventriculus and duodenum, sinusoidal dilation in the liver, and lymphoid depletion in the spleen, consistent with pathogenic NDV infection. Whole genome sequencing of one of the isolates FVSC-S64 showed a virulent multi-basic cleavage site motif (113-KRQKRF-117) and classified the strain as genotype XXI.1.2. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated close clustering with pigeon-derived isolates from Pakistan and Eastern Europe, while showing marked genetic divergence from Class I and other Class II strains. Comparative analysis revealed extensive amino acid substitutions within major antigenic regions of the fusion protein, including L69M (A1-A3) and Y337H, T341S, and R349K (A5), along with substitutions in antigenic regions of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein, notably D349S and G494D. Virus neutralization testing showed that sera from LaSota-vaccinated chicken developed strong homologous neutralizing responses but failed to neutralize the FVSC-S64 isolate, demonstrating a pronounced antigenic mismatch. Together, these molecular, pathological, and serological findings provide clear evidence of vaccine escape by an emergent genotype XXI.1.2 PPMV-1 strain and highlight the urgent need for genotype-matched vaccines to improve NDV control in pigeon populations.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"328-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening for influenza B virus NS1-interacting host proteins and characterization of interactions with hnRNPA0 and DDX39B. 乙型流感病毒ns1相互作用宿主蛋白的筛选及其与hnRNPA0和DDX39B相互作用的表征

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02226-x

Beibei Zhang, Haili Wang, Yanwei Wang, Xiao Liu, Wenying Yan, Jingming Zhou, Lei Zhang, Yankai Liu, Yumei Chen, Chao Liang, Aiping Wang

{"title":"Screening for influenza B virus NS1-interacting host proteins and characterization of interactions with hnRNPA0 and DDX39B.","authors":"Beibei Zhang, Haili Wang, Yanwei Wang, Xiao Liu, Wenying Yan, Jingming Zhou, Lei Zhang, Yankai Liu, Yumei Chen, Chao Liang, Aiping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02226-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02226-x","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza B virus (IBV) is a type of influenza virus. The NS1 protein is a powerful regulatory factor during the process of viral infection of host cells and plays an important role in viral replication, virulence, and innate immunity. Protein-protein interactions play an extremely important role throughout the entire life cycle of viral infection of host cells. Identifying host proteins that interact with IBV NS1 protein is of great significance for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of IBV and screening for new antiviral drugs. In this study, the NS1 protein was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) using nickel-charged resin and the known host interactome of IBV NS1 was expanded using Pull-down combined with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted on the candidate-interacting proteins identified in the mass spectrometry results. These identified candidate-interacting proteins are mainly involved in biological processes such as protein translation, protein folding, mRNA processing, small molecule metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, and viral processes. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNPA0) and the DDX39B protein of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family were further studied. Co-IP, IFA, and BiFC all confirmed that the NS1 protein of IBV interacts with the hnRNPA0 and the DDX39B proteins. We further mapped the interaction between the NS1-RBD and NS1-ED domains of NS1 protein and the hnRNPA0-GRD domain. These data provide resources for further research on the mechanism by which NS1 protein modulates host cells.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"281-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Whole-genome characterization and antigenic analysis of two distinct duck-origin H6 Subtype avian influenza viruses in China. 中国两种不同鸭源H6亚型禽流感病毒的全基因组特征和抗原分析

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02232-z

Peidong Li, Fuyou Zhang, Hao Zhu, Xue Wang, Chen Yang, Xue Liu, Xiaoqian Wang, Qingqing Song, Zhaoyang Li, Chunguo Liu

{"title":"Whole-genome characterization and antigenic analysis of two distinct duck-origin H6 Subtype avian influenza viruses in China.","authors":"Peidong Li, Fuyou Zhang, Hao Zhu, Xue Wang, Chen Yang, Xue Liu, Xiaoqian Wang, Qingqing Song, Zhaoyang Li, Chunguo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02232-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02232-z","url":null,"abstract":"Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of the H6 subtype demonstrate broad host tropism and represent a persistent concern for both poultry and public health due to their documented potential for cross-species transmission. This study aimed to isolate and characterize two novel H6 subtype AIVs from duck farms in China, focusing on their genetic evolution, molecular characterization, and antigenic properties. Virus isolation was performed from AIV-positive cloacal swabs. Whole genomes were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Bioinformatic tools were employed to identify critical amino acid motifs, glycosylation patterns, and reassortment events. Antigenic cross-reactivity was evaluated through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Two strains, designated as H6N6 (SHT) and H6N2 (GXG), were successfully isolated. Phylogenetic analysis classified their hemagglutinin (HA) genes into the ST/2853-like and ST/339-like lineages, respectively. The GXG strain was identified as a triple-reassortant virus, with its matrix (M) gene derived from an H9N2 AIV, and contained a unique arginine insertion at residue 169 of the HA. In contrast, the SHT strain possessed a deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk region (residues 58-68). Asymmetric antigenic cross-reactivity was observed: antiserum against GXG partially inhibited SHT, while SHT antiserum showed no inhibition of GXG. Epidemiological data confirmed the dominance of the ST/2853-like lineage in China, with N6 as the predominant NA subtype from 2015 to 2022. In conclusion, the two H6 AIV isolates exhibit distinct genetic and antigenic characteristics, carry mammalian adaptation markers, and highlight a potential cross-species transmission risk. These findings underscore the necessity for continued surveillance and the development of appropriately matched vaccine candidates.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"360-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

APOBEC cellular enzymes as 'court jesters' in SARS-CoV-2 evolution. APOBEC细胞酶在SARS-CoV-2进化中的“宫廷小丑”作用

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02227-w

Philippe Colson, Pierre Pontarotti, Jacques Fantini, Anthony Levasseur, Christian Devaux, Didier Raoult

引用次数: 0

Emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 topotype III in Iran: molecular and phylogenetic analysis. 伊朗出现口蹄疫病毒sat1拓扑型III：分子和系统发育分析

IF 2 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02230-1

Zahra Ziafati Kafi, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi, Soroush Sarmadi, Fahimeh Jamiri, Alireza Bakhshi, Mahtab Heydarpour Chaleshtori, Hirbod Sheikhi, Amir Javadi, Alireza Vafadar, Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi

{"title":"Emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 topotype III in Iran: molecular and phylogenetic analysis.","authors":"Zahra Ziafati Kafi, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi, Soroush Sarmadi, Fahimeh Jamiri, Alireza Bakhshi, Mahtab Heydarpour Chaleshtori, Hirbod Sheikhi, Amir Javadi, Alireza Vafadar, Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02230-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02230-1","url":null,"abstract":"Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting cloven-hoofed livestock, leading to significant economic losses. Among the seven established serotypes of this disease, three (O, A, and Asia 1) have been continuously reported and are routinely included in the vaccination schedule in Iran. In response to a severe, atypical FMD outbreak that emerged in October 2025, we collected clinical samples from affected cattle and sheep. We conducted RT-PCR, sequenced the products, and subsequently performed phylogenetic analysis of the viral sequences against all available global topotypes to determine the origin of the incursion. We identified the causative agent as a SAT 1 serotype, a strain not included in the Iranian vaccination schedule. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Iranian strains cluster within topotype III, indicating the closest evolutionary relationship to Botswana isolates. This study provides the first definitive evidence of the emergence and transmission of FMDV SAT 1/III in Iran, posing a severe threat to regional livestock industries, which mandates an urgent reassessment of current FMD surveillance and vaccine strategies and highlights a significant new risk across the Middle East region. The unexpected emergence of this lineage necessitates further investigation into the source of the incursion, with potential pathways including laboratory-derived origins or the use of contaminated or incompletely inactivated vaccines.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"341-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0