Molecular characterization and genetic analysis of highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in seagulls from Dukan Lake, Iraq.

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI:10.1007/s11262-025-02133-7

Mohammed Omar Baba Sheikh, Peshnyar M Atta Rashid, Zhino Hussein Rahim, Ari Salahadin Marouf, Star Sharif Saeed

{"title":"Molecular characterization and genetic analysis of highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in seagulls from Dukan Lake, Iraq.","authors":"Mohammed Omar Baba Sheikh, Peshnyar M Atta Rashid, Zhino Hussein Rahim, Ari Salahadin Marouf, Star Sharif Saeed","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02133-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a significant global threat, with periodic reemergence in Iraq. This study marks the first molecular characterization of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in seagulls. The H5N1 AIV was identified during outbreaks in 2024 at Dukan Lake in Sulaimani province. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene revealed that the Dukan Lake strain belongs to subclade 2.3.4.4b, clustering closely with Kazakhstan HPAI strains (A/mute swan/Mangystau/1-S24R-2/2024(H5N1) and (A/Cygnus cygnus/Karakol lake/01/2024(H5N1)), with DNA identities of 99.38% and 98.82%, respectively. Genetic analysis showed a polybasic amino acid cleavage site motif (PLREKRRKRGLF) in the HA gene. Additionally, receptor-binding domain (RBD) analysis indicated a preference for the avian α-2, 3 Sialic acid (SA) receptor over the mammalian α-2, 6 SA receptor. The NA gene analysis revealed amino acid residues D199, I223, S247, and H275, which are susceptible to antiviral drugs. The molecular analysis of the H5N1 Dukan Lake seagull strain provides insights into how the virus spreads among different species and countries, which is crucial for global health security and the development of effective control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Virus Genes","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02133-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GENETICS & HEREDITY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a significant global threat, with periodic reemergence in Iraq. This study marks the first molecular characterization of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in seagulls. The H5N1 AIV was identified during outbreaks in 2024 at Dukan Lake in Sulaimani province. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene revealed that the Dukan Lake strain belongs to subclade 2.3.4.4b, clustering closely with Kazakhstan HPAI strains (A/mute swan/Mangystau/1-S24R-2/2024(H5N1) and (A/Cygnus cygnus/Karakol lake/01/2024(H5N1)), with DNA identities of 99.38% and 98.82%, respectively. Genetic analysis showed a polybasic amino acid cleavage site motif (PLREKRRKRGLF) in the HA gene. Additionally, receptor-binding domain (RBD) analysis indicated a preference for the avian α-2, 3 Sialic acid (SA) receptor over the mammalian α-2, 6 SA receptor. The NA gene analysis revealed amino acid residues D199, I223, S247, and H275, which are susceptible to antiviral drugs. The molecular analysis of the H5N1 Dukan Lake seagull strain provides insights into how the virus spreads among different species and countries, which is crucial for global health security and the development of effective control measures.

查看原文本刊更多论文

伊拉克杜坎湖海鸥高致病性H5N1进化枝2.3.4.4b的分子特征和遗传分析

禽流感病毒（AIV）仍然是一个重大的全球威胁，在伊拉克定期重新出现。本研究首次对海鸥高致病性禽流感（HPAI） H5N1分支2.3.4.4b进行了分子鉴定。2024年在苏莱曼尼省杜坎湖暴发期间发现了H5N1禽流感病毒。HA基因系统发育分析表明，Dukan Lake株属于2.3.4.4b亚支，与哈萨克斯坦HPAI株（A/mute swan/Mangystau/1-S24R-2/2024(H5N1)）和（A/Cygnus Cygnus /Karakol Lake /01/2024(H5N1)）聚类密切，DNA同源性分别为99.38%和98.82%。遗传分析显示HA基因中存在多碱性氨基酸切割位点基序（PLREKRRKRGLF）。此外，受体结合域（RBD）分析表明，鸟类α- 2,3唾液酸（SA）受体比哺乳动物α- 2,6 SA受体更受青睐。NA基因分析显示对抗病毒药物敏感的氨基酸残基为D199、I223、S247和H275。对杜坎湖海鸥H5N1毒株的分子分析有助于了解该病毒如何在不同物种和国家之间传播，这对全球卫生安全和制定有效控制措施至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Virus Genes 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Viruses are convenient models for the elucidation of life processes. The study of viruses is again on the cutting edge of biological sciences: systems biology, genomics, proteomics, metagenomics, using the newest most powerful tools. Huge amounts of new details on virus interactions with the cell, other pathogens and the hosts – animal (including human), insect, fungal, plant, bacterial, and archaeal - and their role in infection and disease are forthcoming in perplexing details requiring analysis and comments. Virus Genes is dedicated to the publication of studies on the structure and function of viruses and their genes, the molecular and systems interactions with the host and all applications derived thereof, providing a forum for the analysis of data and discussion of its implications, and the development of new hypotheses.