Virus Genes最新文献

{"title":"The complete genome sequence of a gammabaculovirus from the Virginia pine sawfly, Neodiprion pratti pratti.","authors":"Robert L Harrison, Daniel L Rowley","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02189-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02189-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complete genome sequence of a baculovirus isolated from larvae of the Virginia pine sawfly, Neodiprion pratti pratti, was determined from sequence data generated from two isolates of this virus obtained from virus-killed larvae harvested during a N. pratti pratti outbreak in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, USA, during the 1950s. Sequence assembly and analysis of this virus, Neodiprion pratti pratti nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeppNPV), revealed a circular genome of 81,658 bp. BLASTp queries with the 89 ORFs annotated for NeppNPV indicated a close relationship with Neodiprion lecontei nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeleNPV). Pairwise nucleotide distances and phylogeny determined from alignments of baculovirus core gene homologs indicated that NeppNPV and NeleNPV are both members of species Gammabaculovirus nelecontei. NeppNPV and NeleNPV were distinguishable by differences in ORF content and indels suggestive of intramolecular recombination. Overlapping geographic ranges and shared host plants for N. pratti pratti and N. lecontei suggest the potential for cross-infections of larvae of these two sawfly species with NeppNPV and NeleNPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic and machine learning analysis identifies key genes and immune dysregulation in goats exposed to peste des petits ruminants virus.","authors":"Varsha Ramesh, Kuralayanapalya P Suresh, Shijili Mambully, Swati Rani, Archana V Patil, Jayashree Anand, S Yamini Sri, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02188-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02188-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) continues to pose a significant challenge in endemic regions, such as India, despite ongoing vaccination efforts. Although the existing vaccines are effective, they have certain limitations, such as thermolability and the inability to distinguish between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing host-pathogen interactions during natural infection versus vaccine-induced immunity is crucial for developing next-generation control strategies. This study conducted comparative transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from naturally PPRV-infected goats (GSE132429, n = 16) and Sungri/96-vaccinated goats (GSE155504, n = 10) to decipher shared and distinct molecular signatures of protective immunity. Differential gene expression identified 1,874 DEGs in infected samples (238 up-regulated, 534 down-regulated) and 1,838 DEGs in vaccinated samples (286 up-regulated, 534 down-regulated). Comparative analysis revealed 12 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated hub genes shared between both conditions, demonstrating that vaccination successfully activates similar protective immune pathways as natural infection, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling, and RIG-like receptor signaling. Importantly, condition-specific genes were identified that distinguish infection from vaccination: infection-specific genes like IL-6 and IL1A indicated pathological inflammation, while vaccination-specific genes included ribosomal proteins (RPS27A, RPS14, RPS29, RPS18), reflecting controlled immune memory formation. Machine learning validation of these unique hub genes achieved exceptional classification accuracy (> 90%), confirming their robust biomarker potential for DIVA applications in distinguishing PPRV-infected animals from vaccinated animals. These findings establish that current PPR vaccines effectively mimic key aspects of natural infection while maintaining distinct protective characteristics, offering potential targets for developing enhanced diagnostic tools, next-generation vaccines with DIVA capabilities, and targeted therapeutic interventions to reduce PPR burden on small ruminant populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated oncogene expressions in koala infected with multiple koala retrovirus subtypes: a preliminary study.","authors":"Lipi Akter, Md Abul Hashem, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Tofazzal Md Rakib, Md Haroon Or Rashid, Fumie Maetani, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02169-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02169-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Koala retrovirus (KoRV) causes multiple disease phenotypes in koalas, including carcinogenesis. The study aimed to assess oncogene expression in spleen tissues from ten deceased koalas coinfected with different subtypes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two subclinically coinfected koalas with KoRV-A and KoRV-B. Initially, KoRV subtyping involved amplifying endogenous KoRV-A, and exogenous KoRV-B, -C specific env gene fragments, followed by sequencing. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we examined five oncogenes (BCL2, BAX, BCL2L1, BCL3, and MYC) in spleen and PBMCs from dead and alive koalas coinfected with multiple KoRV subtypes, respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in BCL2 and BAX oncogene expression were observed in deceased koalas that were coinfected with multiple KoRV subtypes compared with healthy koalas. Thus, this study highlights a potential link between KoRV subtype infections, oncogene expression, and koala diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"629-633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The C-terminus of the tail fiber protein of PB1-like phages is responsible for the host recognition.","authors":"Zhiying Wu, Haixia Huang, Shihui Peng, Heng-Keat Tam, Ying Liu, Lili Chen, Qinqin Bai","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02175-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02175-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PB1-like phages belong to Pbunavirus and are widespread in various environments. This group of phages is a promising candidate for treating human or animal infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been identified as the receptor of different PB1-like phages, while little is known about the receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) of these phages. We constructed the tail fiber protein (gp50) of a PB1-like phage, PHW2, and its C- or N-terminus truncation variants to identify its role during the phage infection. The anti-gp50_(453-964) antibody showed a similar effect to the antibody against gp50 in blocking the phage infection. The protein competition and cell binding assays showed that the gp50_(1-451) doesn't exhibit an effect on the adsorption of the host cells. These results indicated that the C-terminus of gp50 is the essential region that mediates phage PHW2 adsorption and infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"640-643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting monkeypox virus (MPXV): strategies for molecular docking studies on protein inhibition.","authors":"Jayant Murlidhar Kushwaha, Majji Sai Sudha Rani, Shilpy Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02171-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02171-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the year 2022, the outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) occurred in the various countries of Africa, particularly Central and West Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and other countries. Without any delay it spread across more than 100 countries infecting around 116,015 people causing around 255 deaths. Monkeypox is a major public health issue, and it is important to search for new therapeutic approaches. This review article is a review of molecular docking studies to identify possible protein inhibition approaches against Monkeypox virus. The exploration on the molecular architecture of the main viral proteins and their relationships with the host cell, emphasizing how these interactions are important in the viral cycle. By gathering data from multiple molecular docking studies, the evaluation of how effective different structural elements are in disrupting these protein interactions is conducted. The results of the analysis reveal how narrowed the focus of molecular interventions is, which holds the promise for the development of antiviral therapies for Monkeypox (Mpox). Not only does this review update the current understanding of the pathophysiology of Monkeypox, but it also provides a basis for more research to deal with this new viral threat. It will be important for the design of inhibitors that can block the replication and dissemination of MPXV to understand the mechanisms of action of the viral proteins and their interactions with the host cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"523-534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of type I interferon factor secretion via the TLR3 signaling pathway after PRV infection of mouse trigeminal ganglion cells.","authors":"Song He, Zhengbo Liao, Deyuan Tang, Zhiyong Zeng, Bin Wang, Piao Zhou, Yinming Mao, Wenwen Hu, Min Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02146-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02146-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the effects of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection on the antiviral immune signaling pathway and type I interferon factors in mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells. The experiment involved inoculating TG primary cells with PRV and intranasally infecting mice. The results indicated that PRV infection of mouse TG primary cells led to alterations in the gene and protein expression of TLR3, TRIF, TBK1, and IRF3, while inhibiting the expression of IκBα protein in the later stages of infection. Additionally, the phosphorylation of IRF3 and IκBα was induced both in vivo and in vitro. Following PRV infection, the expression of IFN-α was up-regulated in the supernatant, whereas its expression was down-regulated in the cell lysates and mouse TG. To further investigate the role of TLR3 in the IRF3 signaling pathway and type I interferon factors, siRNA was employed to interfere with TLR3 expression in TG cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the expression of TLR3 signaling pathway-related proteins and the secretion of IFN-α following the interference. The findings demonstrated that siTLR3 effectively reduced TLR3 protein expression in TG cells and concurrently modulated the secretion of type I interferon factors via the TLR3-TRIF-TBK1-IRF3 signaling axis. Furthermore, PRV infection was shown to induce TLR3 expression in both mouse TG primary cells and mouse TG, thereby activating the TLR3-TRIF-TBK1-IRF3 signaling axis to regulate the antiviral immune response in TG cells, while simultaneously inhibiting IFN-α expression within TG cells and TG through the TLR3 signaling pathway. These experimental results elucidate the antiviral immune mechanism associated with the TLR3 signaling pathway following PRV infection of mouse TG cells, offering new insights into the immune evasion strategies employed by PRV.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"574-587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cucumber mosaic virus infection does not increase the translocation of the green fluorescent protein from GM rootstock to non-GM scion in transgrafted plants.","authors":"Tomofumi Mochizuki, Takumi Ogawa, Kanae Kato, Harue Asuka, Taira Miyahara, Hiroaki Kodama, Daisaku Ohta","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02172-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02172-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant viruses use the plasmodesmata and vascular systems to spread systemically in a plant, which may influence the translocation of exogenous transgene products in genetically modified (GM) plants. Transgrafting is a technique that involves the use of GM plants as grafting partners for non-GM plants, and yields non-GM edible harvests from transgrafted crops; thus, there is potential for its distribution as a non-GM product. However, when growing in agricultural fields, transgrafts are exposed to biotic stresses, such as plant virus infections. In this study, we investigated the influence of a plant virus infection on translocation of transgene products between GM and non-GM parts of transgrafts. We generated homo- and hetero-transgrafts of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing GM tomatoes and GM Nicotiana benthamiana rootstocks with non-GM tomato scions and infected them with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a major plant virus, and analyzed the translocation of GFP protein in transgrafts. The results showed that CMV infection did not promote GFP transfer from GM rootstock to non-GM scions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"635-639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera RNA-seq data unveils new viruses within the family Rhabdoviridae.","authors":"Juliana Sánchez-Yalí, Carolina Montoya-Ruiz, Clara Saldamando, Pablo A Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02177-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02177-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes several major agricultural pests of crops of economic importance worldwide. Some of its species are widely distributed, while others are mainly found in Africa and Asia. Unfortunately, the use of insecticides and Bt transgenic crops is not environmentally suitable for beneficial insects and human health, as it contributes to the rapid selection of resistant insects. For this reason, viruses infecting Spodoptera spp. become promising biological control strategies, as they allow for targeted and specific pest management with significantly lower environmental impact. As part of an investigation to identify potential viral control agents for Spodoptera, we examined the diversity of rhabdoviruses associated with Spodoptera species through a meta-analysis of 1,457 public RNA-seq datasets. Our results revealed a tentative new Alphapaprhavirus associated with S. frugiperda and S. exigua, as well as two newly identified viruses not previously described and associated with S. litura and S. littoralis that likely represent a new genus within the subfamily Deltarhabdovirinae. Our results also revealed new Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus (Betapaprhavirus frugiperda) sequences, including subclades associated with S. exigua and S. litura.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"603-617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and complete genome sequence of a novel Mycobacterium phage MS619.","authors":"Qiqi Zhao, Xinpu Shi, Mingshuai Liu, Lei Ji","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02170-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02170-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium, an opportunistic pathogen, is highly prone to causing infections in humans, and its resistance to antibiotics poses a significant challenge. Phage therapy has emerged as a highly promising alternative treatment. In this study, a bacteriophage infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis was isolated from soil, named MS619, and classified within the class Caudoviricetes. Phages have an icosahedral head (60 ± 2 nm in diameter) and a long, non-contractile tail with a size of 125 ± 2 nm. The genome of MS619 was found to be a double-stranded DNA composed of 48,955 bp, containing 76 open reading frames (ORFs), related to phage packaging, structure, lysin, regulation, and replication. The BLASTN results indicated that MS619 exhibits a high-sequence identity (93%) with Mycobacterium phage Georgie2, a known bacteriophage recorded in the NCBI GenBank database. A typical holin-lysin system was identified in the MS619 genome. The topology of holin was predicted to contain two transmembrane domains, which significantly contribute to antimicrobial activity. No antibiotic resistance- or virulence factor-related genes were detected in the phage. Moreover, the bacteriophage demonstrates biofilm growth inhibition capability. This study led to the isolation of MS619, a bacteriophage exhibiting potential antibacterial efficacy against Mycobacterium infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"618-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IGFBP2 up-regulation by EBV via TGF-β signaling: a key mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression.","authors":"Mengwen Lv, Duo Shi, Xia Zhao, Yan Zhang, Wen Liu, Shuzhen Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02178-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02178-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The key carcinogenic factor for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), significantly contributing to its occurrence and development. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), known for its aberrant expression in various cancers, plays a pivotal role in oncogenic networks. Investigating IGFBP2's function and mechanism in EBV-associated NPC was the goal of the current study. The findings indicated that IGFBP2 expression was markedly higher in EBV-positive NPC cells compared to EBV-negative NPC cells, and EBV could up-regulate IGFBP2 expression by activating the TGF-β pathway through its encoded EBNA1. Furthermore, IGFBP2 influenced key carcinogenic processes, including proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle progression in NPC cells. Notably, knockdown of IGFBP2 in the EBV-infected epithelial cell line C666-1 led to a reduction in the expression of EBV-encoded latent and lytic phase gene proteins, as well as a decrease in the copy number of the EBV genome. These results point to a reciprocal regulation link between EBV and IGFBP2, opening up a promising avenue for future clinical treatment and experimental research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"562-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}