IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02239-6

Charlotte V Dagli, J Ryder Hutchinson, Alice K Efremov, Efraín E Rivera-Serrano

{"title":"Identification of reovirus reassortants with enhanced oncolytic activity in human fibrosarcoma cells.","authors":"Charlotte V Dagli, J Ryder Hutchinson, Alice K Efremov, Efraín E Rivera-Serrano","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02239-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02239-6","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrosarcoma is a rare, clinically aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that can be difficult to treat once advanced, highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging approach that uses replication-competent viruses to selectively infect and lyse tumor cells while stimulating antitumor immune responses. Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is an attractive candidate due to its generally benign clinical profile and capacity to replicate in many cancer cells. Reoviruses exhibit substantial genetic diversity arising from mutations and reassortment of their segmented genomes during co-infection, enabling the emergence of variants with distinct phenotypes. However, most preclinical and clinical studies have relied on a single prototype strain (T3D; clinically formulated as pelareorep), leaving open the possibility that other variants may exhibit superior activity in rare cancers. Using an in vitro screen, HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were infected with a diverse panel of parental and reassortant reoviruses and assessed for cytopathicity and infectivity. One reassortant emerged as a top-performing candidate, combining robust infectivity with pronounced cytotoxicity and increased viral protein accumulation over time compared with a prototype strain. Pharmacologic pathway interrogation indicated that virus-induced cytopathicity in this model was predominantly caspase-dependent, supporting apoptosis as the primary mode of cell death rather than necroptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that reassortant reoviruses can markedly enhance oncolytic activity in fibrosarcoma cells relative to commonly used strains, motivating broader evaluation of genetically diverse reoviruses across additional sarcoma models and in combination regimens to optimize therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of a melon yellowing-associated virus from Brazil. 巴西甜瓜黄变相关病毒全长cDNA克隆的构建。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02240-z

B A Silva, D M T Alves-Freitas, C M Kauffmann, A M V Batista, P S Queiroz, S B S Cardenas, D F Fraga, H B S Mota, P R M S Machado, T Nagata

{"title":"Construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of a melon yellowing-associated virus from Brazil.","authors":"B A Silva, D M T Alves-Freitas, C M Kauffmann, A M V Batista, P S Queiroz, S B S Cardenas, D F Fraga, H B S Mota, P R M S Machado, T Nagata","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02240-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02240-z","url":null,"abstract":"Melon yellowing-associated virus (MYaV), a member of the genus Carlavirus (family Betaflexiviridae), is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with a poly(A) tail. It is thought to be one of the causative agents of severe yellowing disease in melon \"Amarelão do meloeiro\" (in Portuguese) in northeastern Brazil and is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. In the field, MYaV frequently occurs in mixed infections with the recombinant form of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), contributing to the disease complex of melon severe yellowing disease. Considering its impact, the inability of virus transmission by mechanical inoculation, and the lack of molecular tools to study this pathogen, we constructed a full-length infectious cDNA clone of MYaV using Gibson Assembly technology. The genome was amplified in two overlapping fragments spanning the 5' and 3' regions, cloned in the binary vector pJL89 and subsequently introduced to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101. Agroinoculation with this construct revealed that the MYaV clone was infectious in melon, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), West Indian gherkin (Cucumis anguria), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Notably, infections in watermelon and West Indian gherkin were asymptomatic, a finding of epidemiological relevance since these crops may act as unnoticed inoculum sources in the field for melon crops. In contrast, no infection was detected in squash (Cucurbita maxima) or zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). This infectious clone provides not only a valuable tool to advance studies on MYaV and virus-host interactions but also an essential resource for breeding programs aimed at developing resistant melon varieties.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 topotype III in Iran: molecular and phylogenetic analysis. 伊朗出现口蹄疫病毒sat1拓扑型III：分子和系统发育分析

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02230-1

Zahra Ziafati Kafi, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi, Soroush Sarmadi, Fahimeh Jamiri, Alireza Bakhshi, Mahtab Heydarpour Chaleshtori, Hirbod Sheikhi, Amir Javadi, Alireza Vafadar, Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi

{"title":"Emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 topotype III in Iran: molecular and phylogenetic analysis.","authors":"Zahra Ziafati Kafi, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi, Soroush Sarmadi, Fahimeh Jamiri, Alireza Bakhshi, Mahtab Heydarpour Chaleshtori, Hirbod Sheikhi, Amir Javadi, Alireza Vafadar, Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02230-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02230-1","url":null,"abstract":"Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting cloven-hoofed livestock, leading to significant economic losses. Among the seven established serotypes of this disease, three (O, A, and Asia 1) have been continuously reported and are routinely included in the vaccination schedule in Iran. In response to a severe, atypical FMD outbreak that emerged in October 2025, we collected clinical samples from affected cattle and sheep. We conducted RT-PCR, sequenced the products, and subsequently performed phylogenetic analysis of the viral sequences against all available global topotypes to determine the origin of the incursion. We identified the causative agent as a SAT 1 serotype, a strain not included in the Iranian vaccination schedule. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Iranian strains cluster within topotype III, indicating the closest evolutionary relationship to Botswana isolates. This study provides the first definitive evidence of the emergence and transmission of FMDV SAT 1/III in Iran, posing a severe threat to regional livestock industries, which mandates an urgent reassessment of current FMD surveillance and vaccine strategies and highlights a significant new risk across the Middle East region. The unexpected emergence of this lineage necessitates further investigation into the source of the incursion, with potential pathways including laboratory-derived origins or the use of contaminated or incompletely inactivated vaccines.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution and emergence of the integrase inhibitor 231 insertion resistance mutation in an HIV-2 strain isolated in central Portugal. 在葡萄牙中部分离的HIV-2毒株中整合酶抑制剂231插入抗性突变的进化和出现

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02236-9

João Pereira-Vaz, Anália Carmo, Alexandra Mendes, Célia Morais, Ana Alves, Fernando Rodrigues, Vítor Duque

{"title":"Evolution and emergence of the integrase inhibitor 231 insertion resistance mutation in an HIV-2 strain isolated in central Portugal.","authors":"João Pereira-Vaz, Anália Carmo, Alexandra Mendes, Célia Morais, Ana Alves, Fernando Rodrigues, Vítor Duque","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02236-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02236-9","url":null,"abstract":"Limited in vivo data are available regarding the recently described integrase (IN) codon 231 insertion mutation in Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) because this new resistance pathway to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has only been found in very few clinical isolates. This study reports the emergence of the IN codon 231 insertion resistance mutation in an HIV-2 strain isolated from a person with HIV-2 (PWH-2) undergoing antiretroviral treatment with a raltegravir (RAL) containing regimen, in central Portugal. Longitudinal nucleotide sequences of the IN coding region (codons 1-293) obtained prior to and at the time of treatment failure were retrospectively analyzed for genotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs. The 5 amino acid insertion mutation between codons 231 and 232 was detected in the IN C-terminal domain of an HIV-2 group A strain 156 months after initiation of a RAL-containing regimen. The insertion mutation was not present before exposure to RAL. No other resistance-associated mutation to INSTIs was detected at the time of treatment failure. The insertion profile found, GYRGK, was similar to those previously described, and clearly emerged under the selective pressure of RAL, which is in agreement with previously reported evidence of a significant correlation between treatment failure to INSTIs and the emergence of R231_insert containing viruses. Our findings expand the available genotypic data regarding this resistance pathway and should help to improve HIV-2 resistance interpretation algorithms.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ibudilast and dipyridamole ameliorate murine γ-herpesvirus 68-induced acute hepatitis following airway infection. 布地司特和双嘧达莫可改善小鼠γ-疱疹病毒68诱导的气道感染后急性肝炎。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02238-7

Koyuki Atifa Rahmi, Hisashi Iizasa, Hironori Yoshiyama, Yusuke Endo, Seiji Kageyama, Kyosuke Kanai

{"title":"Ibudilast and dipyridamole ameliorate murine γ-herpesvirus 68-induced acute hepatitis following airway infection.","authors":"Koyuki Atifa Rahmi, Hisashi Iizasa, Hironori Yoshiyama, Yusuke Endo, Seiji Kageyama, Kyosuke Kanai","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02238-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02238-7","url":null,"abstract":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects most adults worldwide. Although frequently associated with acute hepatitis, no specific treatment for EBV-induced hepatitis currently exists. Using murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infection in mice, which is a well-established murine model for EBV infection, we previously demonstrated that MHV68-induced hepatitis is mediated via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-hepatitis effects of two anti-inflammatory agents, ibudilast and dipyridamole, which are known to suppress LPS/TLR4-induced inflammation. In vitro antiviral activity was assessed in MHV68-infected 3T12 and MLE12 cells treated with ibudilast or dipyridamole (0-20 µg/ml). Viral replication was measured by quantitative PCR, and cell viability was assessed via water-soluble tetrazolium assay. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in MHV68-infected C57BL/6 mice treated with ibudilast, dipyridamole, the TLR4 antagonist C34, or vehicle. Hepatitis was assessed by monitoring body weight and serum AST/ALT levels. Dipyridamole significantly reduced MHV68 replication in vitro at 10 and 20 µg/ml without cytotoxicity. Ibudilast significantly reduced viral load; however, viral suppression was observed at cytotoxic concentrations. In vivo, both agents significantly reduced liver enzyme levels and mitigated body weight loss in infected mice. Their efficacy surpassed that of C34, a small-molecule TLR4 antagonist. Dipyridamole exhibited in vitro antiviral activity, and both agents effectively ameliorated MHV68-induced hepatitis in vivo. These findings highlight their therapeutic potential for acute hepatitis associated with extrahepatic viral infections, including EBV-associated disease.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic analysis of the SH gene of mumps virus genotype C in Kerala during 2024-25. 喀拉拉邦2024- 2025年流行性腮腺炎病毒C型SH基因的遗传分析

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02233-y

Rajendra Kumar, Minju Sara Simon, B Aneesh, P S Chippy, Arun V Jose, Amogh Auti, D J Hima, S Aswathyraj, E Sreekumar

{"title":"Genetic analysis of the SH gene of mumps virus genotype C in Kerala during 2024-25.","authors":"Rajendra Kumar, Minju Sara Simon, B Aneesh, P S Chippy, Arun V Jose, Amogh Auti, D J Hima, S Aswathyraj, E Sreekumar","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02233-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02233-y","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the majority of mumps virus (MuV) cases are underreported, and a significant proportion of cases do not exhibit classic symptoms, such as swelling of the parotid glands. Although MuV infection is a vaccine-preventable illness, the genomic characterisation of currently circulating strains in various parts of the country is essential to understand the molecular epidemiology and vaccine coverage. The present study was designed to identify the genotypes and genetic variations within the small hydrophobic (SH) gene of MuV circulating in Kerala, India, from October 2024 to February 2025. Viral RNA was extracted from saliva and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of individuals suspected of viral meningitis or encephalitis. These samples were tested using the TaqMan real-time PCR assay, while blood samples were analysed for IgM antibodies. A total of 45 cases were confirmed as mumps positive. Most of the laboratory-confirmed cases were children aged 3 to 7 years. Among the PCR and PCR/IgM-positive cases, 26 samples were successfully genotyped and deposited in GenBank (accession numbers PV483811-PV483836). Analysis of the SH gene from 26 MuV samples revealed that all were of genotype C, confirming it as the circulating strain. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of MuV in the region. Notable SH gene variations and amino acid differences from vaccine strains were observed. The VIS motif at positions 28-30 was conserved among the sequences. Significant variation at position 44 included substitutions H ↔ Y (+ 1), H ↔ S (-2), and Y ↔ S (-3), which may contribute to MuV pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of a novel Robigovirus infecting wild cherry trees in Tunisia. 一种感染突尼斯野生樱桃树的新型robigvirus的鉴定和特性分析。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02234-x

Amani Ben Slimen, Manel Elair, Naima Mahfoudhi, Michele Digiaro

{"title":"Identification and characterization of a novel Robigovirus infecting wild cherry trees in Tunisia.","authors":"Amani Ben Slimen, Manel Elair, Naima Mahfoudhi, Michele Digiaro","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02234-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02234-x","url":null,"abstract":"Wild rosaceous species may act as reservoirs for viruses infecting cultivated stone fruits. In this study, we surveyed wild cherry (Prunus avium) populations in forested areas of Tunisia in spring 2024. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of pooled leaf samples revealed viral genomic fragments related to members of the genus Robigovirus. Here, we report the identification, complete genome sequencing, and preliminary prevalence assessment of a novel RNA virus from wild cherry, tentatively named wild cherry-associated virus (WCaV). The 8,254-nt genome comprises five canonical open reading frames (ORFs) exhibiting the typical organization of Robigovirus. These ORFs encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (228.2 kDa), three triple gene block proteins (24.6, 12.4, and 7.2 kDa, respectively), a coat protein (28.8 kDa), and an overlapping hypothetical protein (ORF5a; 14.5 kDa). Phylogenetic inference, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping, and recombination analyses indicate that WCaV constitutes a genetically distinct lineage within the genus. Field surveys showed limited local prevalence, consistent with a single-strain infection. Overall, this work broadens the known diversity of Robigovirus and provides the first molecular evidence of a novel Robigovirus infecting wild P. avium in Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic analysis identifies unreported adaptive mutations in monkeypox virus immune evasion genes. 基因组分析鉴定了猴痘病毒免疫逃避基因中未报道的适应性突变。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02235-w

Ann Steffi Sharon John, Mirudhula Kamakshi Mohan Ramaswamy, Harihar Balasubramanian, Karthick Selvaraj, Thenmozhi Marudhadurai, M R Asraf Sithikka, Gayathri Elangovan, Manojkumar Kumaran, Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan, Konda Mani Saravanan

{"title":"Genomic analysis identifies unreported adaptive mutations in monkeypox virus immune evasion genes.","authors":"Ann Steffi Sharon John, Mirudhula Kamakshi Mohan Ramaswamy, Harihar Balasubramanian, Karthick Selvaraj, Thenmozhi Marudhadurai, M R Asraf Sithikka, Gayathri Elangovan, Manojkumar Kumaran, Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan, Konda Mani Saravanan","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02235-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02235-w","url":null,"abstract":"Mpox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus that has recently gained attention due to outbreaks. In the presence of these constantly changing global health threats, genomic surveillance of the MPXV is no longer a choice but a necessity. The MPXV has diversified through mutation and adaptation, giving rise to distinct clades. In this study, the Nextclade tool was used to identify amino acid substitutions in immune evasion genes relative to the reference genome NC_063383.1 across the African, European, and Asian continents. Crm-B secreted TNF-alpha receptor-like protein, Bcl-2-like protein, and B22R Serpin are key immune evasion proteins, exhibited a high prevalence of mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of lineage-specific mutations was performed on genes encoding immune evasion proteins, such as OPG002, OPG176, and OPG210. CGView analysis revealed different genomic structures for these genes, whereas InterProScan identified important functional domains associated with immune modulation. The sets provide important clues into the mutational landscape of the MPXV, underscoring the crucial need for continued monitoring of viral adaptation and the emergence of new variants. These mutations have not been reported previously in this dataset of 40 sequences. However, confirming their global frequency needs larger genomic MPXV datasets, studies, and experimental testing. These findings are based on a hypothesis and are specific to functional and genomic scrutiny.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Whole-genome characterization and antigenic analysis of two distinct duck-origin H6 Subtype avian influenza viruses in China. 中国两种不同鸭源H6亚型禽流感病毒的全基因组特征和抗原分析

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02232-z

Peidong Li, Fuyou Zhang, Hao Zhu, Xue Wang, Chen Yang, Xue Liu, Xiaoqian Wang, Qingqing Song, Zhaoyang Li, Chunguo Liu

{"title":"Whole-genome characterization and antigenic analysis of two distinct duck-origin H6 Subtype avian influenza viruses in China.","authors":"Peidong Li, Fuyou Zhang, Hao Zhu, Xue Wang, Chen Yang, Xue Liu, Xiaoqian Wang, Qingqing Song, Zhaoyang Li, Chunguo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02232-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02232-z","url":null,"abstract":"Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of the H6 subtype demonstrate broad host tropism and represent a persistent concern for both poultry and public health due to their documented potential for cross-species transmission. This study aimed to isolate and characterize two novel H6 subtype AIVs from duck farms in China, focusing on their genetic evolution, molecular characterization, and antigenic properties. Virus isolation was performed from AIV-positive cloacal swabs. Whole genomes were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Bioinformatic tools were employed to identify critical amino acid motifs, glycosylation patterns, and reassortment events. Antigenic cross-reactivity was evaluated through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Two strains, designated as H6N6 (SHT) and H6N2 (GXG), were successfully isolated. Phylogenetic analysis classified their hemagglutinin (HA) genes into the ST/2853-like and ST/339-like lineages, respectively. The GXG strain was identified as a triple-reassortant virus, with its matrix (M) gene derived from an H9N2 AIV, and contained a unique arginine insertion at residue 169 of the HA. In contrast, the SHT strain possessed a deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk region (residues 58-68). Asymmetric antigenic cross-reactivity was observed: antiserum against GXG partially inhibited SHT, while SHT antiserum showed no inhibition of GXG. Epidemiological data confirmed the dominance of the ST/2853-like lineage in China, with N6 as the predominant NA subtype from 2015 to 2022. In conclusion, the two H6 AIV isolates exhibit distinct genetic and antigenic characteristics, carry mammalian adaptation markers, and highlight a potential cross-species transmission risk. These findings underscore the necessity for continued surveillance and the development of appropriately matched vaccine candidates.","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

H4N6 avian influenza virus in Iran: first isolation and molecular insights. 伊朗H4N6禽流感病毒：首次分离和分子观察

IF 1.9 4区医学

Virus Genes Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-026-02215-0

Mohsen Bashashati, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi, Leila Moradi Haghgou, Aida Chalesh, Fereshteh Sabouri

引用次数: 0

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