Virus Genes最新文献

{"title":"Isolation, complete genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of getah virus from a diseased pig herd in Hunan Province, China.","authors":"Can Yin, Ming Shu, Renke Qing, Yulin Zhou, Guoliang Chen, Wen Wang, Guangyou Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02287-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02287-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus (family Togaviridae) that poses a significant threat to the swine industry by causing reproductive disorders in sows and neurological symptoms in piglets. In this study, a GETV strain, designated HN-2025, was isolated from a commercial pig farm in Hunan Province, China, during a clinical outbreak. The isolate induced typical cytopathic effects (CPE) in BHK-21 cells, including cell rounding, shrinkage, and detachment. The complete genome of HN-2025 was determined to be 11,689 nucleotides (nt) in length and exhibited the canonical genomic organization of GETV: 5' untranslated region (UTR), nonstructural proteins (nsP1-nsP4), structural proteins (C, E3, E2, 6 K, E1), and 3' UTR. Sequence homology analysis revealed that HN-2025 shared the highest nucleotide identity (98.6%-99.2%) with contemporary GIII genotype GETV strains circulating in Chinese pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome and E2 gene sequences confirmed that HN-2025 clustered within the GIII genotype and was closely related to porcine GETV strains previously identified in central and southern China. These findings expand the molecular epidemiological understanding of GETV in Hunan Province and provide a valuable viral isolate for future studies on pathogenesis, diagnostics, and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel Iflavirus from the locust Calliptamus italicus in Xinjiang, China.","authors":"Hangyue Zhang, Na Zhang, Shuchen Guo, Zhijing Zhai, Zhaotian Feng, Tinghao Zhang, Liang Yuan, Rong Ji, Wangpeng Shi, Hongxia Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02286-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02286-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect-specific viruses represent a promising yet underexplored resource for the biological control of locust pests. In this study, we performed metatranscriptomic sequencing of three dominant locust species-Calliptamus italicus, Calliptamus barbarus, and Oedaleus decorus decorus-collected from field populations in Xinjiang, China. Bioinformatic analysis identified 32 RNA viruses, 137 DNA viruses, and 33 unclassified viruses. Notably, this study reports the first detection of a novel insect-specific virus in locusts. Phylogenetic and homology analyses revealed that the newly discovered virus belongs to the family Iflaviridae (order Picornavirales), and we provisionally name it Xinjiang Calliptamus italicus Iflavirus (XCiIV). Using transcriptome sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we obtained the complete genome sequence, totaling 9,996 base pairs. The XCiIV genome contains a single predicted open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein of 2,891 amino acids, which is proteolytically processed into four functional proteins: capsid proteins, RNA helicase, 3C protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an Iflavirus identified in C. italicus from the Xinjiang region. The complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of XCiIV expand the known diversity of insect Iflaviruses and provide a reference for future studies on the molecular evolution and host adaptation of locust-associated viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequence analysis of zucchini yellow mosaic virus isolated from Cucurbita and Luffa.","authors":"Xiaomei Lv, Jiayu Fu, Minjun Liu, Guowei Geng","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02283-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02283-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is a major pathogen that negatively affects cucurbit crops. To elucidate the molecular characteristics and evolutionary dynamics of ZYMV in China, ZYMV was isolated from Cucurbita and Luffa samples collected from plants exhibiting typical yellow mosaic symptoms in Tai'an, Shandong Province, and its complete genome sequence was determined. Using reverse transcription PCR combined with rapid amplification of cDNA ends, the full-length genome sequences of two isolates obtained from Luffa and Cucurbita (ZYMV-sg, GenBank accession no. PV007922; ZYMV-ng, GenBank accession no. PV007923) were determined. Both genomes were 9,592 nt in length (excluding the poly(A) tail). The genomes encoded a polyprotein of 3,080 amino acids and exhibited a genomic organization typical of members of the family Potyviridae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both isolates were most closely related to Chinese isolates and formed a distinct subclade within the major group B-I. Recombination analysis identified specific recombination events in ZYMV-ng, indicating that genetic recombination contributed to the molecular evolution of ZYMV. Further analyses suggested that purifying selection played a dominant role in shaping ZYMV evolution. These findings provide important molecular insights into the genomic structure, phylogenetic relationships, and sequence evolution of ZYMV isolates from Cucurbita and Luffa in China and provide a basis for further research on virus-host interactions and the development of targeted disease control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and evolutionary dynamics of a mixed begomovirus infection associated with chilli leaf curl disease in Odisha, India.","authors":"Chandramani Patel, Sunil Kumar, Irfan Nizar, Supriya Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02284-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02284-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Begomoviruses are one of the most genetically diverse plant-infecting DNA viruses. They significantly limit chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) production in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Their evolution is largely influenced by recombination and mixed infections. However, the relationship between genetic diversity and selection pressure in natural populations of chilli-infecting begomoviruses remains poorly understood. We collected chilli plants showing leaf curl disease symptoms from Bargarh district, Odisha, India, and tested them for begomovirus presence. Molecular analysis showed the presence of chilli leaf curl Ahmedabad virus (ChiLCAV), tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJoV), and an associated betasatellite, tomato leaf curl Joydebpur betasatellite (ToLCJoB). Recombination analysis revealed multiple statistically significant recombination events in both begomovirus genomes and the betasatellite. To assess broader patterns of genetic diversity and selection, the newly generated sequences were analysed alongside publicly available sequences retrieved from the NCBI virus database. These comparative analyses revealed high haplotype diversity and a high number of segregating sites, whilst most coding regions showed strong purifying selection, with only a small number of sites showing evidence of episodic diversifying selection. These findings indicate that mixed infections can provide opportunities for recombination and the generation of genetic variation, whereas strong purifying selection constrains changes in functionally important coding regions. The combined action of recombination and selection, therefore, appears to shape the genetic diversity and evolutionary stability of chilli-infecting begomoviruses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a mixed infection involving ChiLCAV, ToLCJoV, and ToLCJoB associated with chilli leaf curl disease in India, providing new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of begomovirus complexes infecting chilli.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate immune transcriptomic remodeling across clinical stages of bovine leukemia virus infection.","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Akbarin, Zahra Farjami, Gabriel Eduardo Acevedo-Jiménez, Cecilia Rodríguez Murillo, Víctor David González-Fernández, Lucero de María Ávila-De la Vega, Hugo Ramírez Álvarez","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02282-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02282-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic deltaretrovirus that establishes lifelong infection in cattle and may progress from asymptomatic carriage to persistent lymphocytosis (PL) and lymphoma. Although adaptive immune alterations have been widely studied, the stage-specific transcriptional landscape of innate immunity in BLV infection remains incompletely defined. In this study, we performed a targeted innate immune transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq data derived from 18 Holstein dairy cows selected from a screened population of 130 animals in Querétaro, Mexico. Animals were classified into three groups based on serology, proviral load, and hematological criteria: BLV-seronegative controls (n = 5), asymptomatic BLV-infected cattle (AL), and BLV-infected cattle with PL. Total peripheral blood leukocytes were subjected to RNA extraction and sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Differential gene expression analysis was conducted using DESeq2 with significance defined as adjusted P-value (padj) < 0.05 and |log₂ fold change|≥ 1. A curated panel of innate immune-related genes encompassing pattern recognition receptors, interferon signaling, inflammatory mediators, inflammasome components, and cytotoxic effectors was analyzed. Comparison between Control and Asymptomatic cattle identified 8 genes that were significantly altered (padj < 0.05). Asymptomatic animals demonstrated upregulation of antiviral and immune-regulatory genes, including EIF2AK2 (log₂FC = 1.10, padj = 0.011), KLRK1 (log₂FC = 0.98, padj = 0.009), and IL18 (log₂FC = 0.77, padj = 0.015), indicating activation of interferon-associated and inflammatory pathways. Marked upregulation of TNFRSF13C (log₂FC = 3.25, padj = 0.046) and TNFAIP3 (log₂FC = 2.03, padj = 0.049) suggests modulation of B-cell survival signaling and NF-κB regulatory control. In contrast, NCR1 (log₂FC = - 1.04, padj = 0.044), LMX1B (log₂FC = - 0.80, padj = 0.030), and TNFSF12 (log₂FC = - 0.78, padj = 0.044) were downregulated, reflecting selective adjustment of cytotoxic and TNF superfamily pathways. PL animals exhibited broader innate immune transcriptional alterations consistent with sustained inflammatory activation. These findings demonstrate that asymptomatic BLV infection is characterized by controlled activation of antiviral and regulatory innate immune pathways, whereas disease progression toward PL is associated with expanded inflammatory reprogramming. Stage-specific innate immune signatures may therefore contribute to viral persistence and clinical outcome in BLV-infected cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of infectious clone of banana streak OL virus by yeast homologous recombination.","authors":"Runpei Liu, Shuang Pu, Xueqin Rao","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02281-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-026-02281-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Banana streak OL virus (BSOLV) is the primary species of banana streak virus (BSV) affecting banana production in South China. Reverse genetics is a powerful method for studying viral pathogenicity and the interactions between viruses and their hosts; however, no infectious clone of BSOLV has been reported until now. In this study, the BSOLV genome was amplified in overlapping segments to assemble 1.3 times full-length sequence. The resulting construct was then cloned into the yeast-Escherichia. Coli-Agrobacterium shuttle vector pCB301 via yeast homologous recombination, yielding the infectious clone BSOLV-GZ. The complete genome of the cloned BSOLV isolate was 7, 410 bp and shares 99.81% nucleotide sequence identity with the BSOLV isolate 3-S36. The BSOLV-GZ infectious clone was introduced into Brazilian banana seedlings through Agrobacterium-mediated injection. At 30 days post-inoculation (dpi), BSOLV was detected in 19 out of 30 inoculated banana plants by RT-PCR. By 42 dpi, distinct chlorotic streaks appeared in 12 of the 19 RT-PCR-positive plants. This was confirmed by immunocapture PCR (IC-PCR) and Southern blot. Additionally, rod-shaped viruses were observed under transmission electron microscopy in the symptomatic Brazilian banana plants. These findings indicated that the banana plants inoculated with the BSOLV-GZ infectious clone exhibited typical symptoms of infection. The host range of the BSOLV-GZ infectious clone was assessed through Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration; however, none of the tested plants was detected positive by RT-PCR. This research provides a foundational basis for future studies on the activation of endogenous BSOLV and the interactions between the virus and its hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and recent spread of dengue virus type 3 lineage III_B.3.2 in Brazil: in silico analysis of protein motifs and epidemiology.","authors":"Alicia Pereira de Morais, Rodrigo Cunha Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02259-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02259-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is responsible for a febrile arbovirus disease of global relevance. In Brazil, there has been endemic circulation of the four viral serotypes since the last century, with DENV-3 being frequently associated with more severe clinical conditions and major epidemics. This study aimed to perform the motif characterization of DENV-3 strains circulating in Brazil and its epidemiology. We obtained cases information by serotype from DATASUS/TABNET from 2013 to 2025. Furthermore, 184 complete genomes of Brazilian samples available in the GenBank and GISAID databases were analyzed with the genome reference sequence of DENV-3 (NC_001475.2). The sequences were edited and analyzed with the MAFFT, BioEdit, Nextclade, and GeneDoc software to identify lineages and amino acid motifs and were subsequently submitted to phylogenetic analyses in the IQ-Tree and FigTree programs. The results indicated a historical predominance of serotype one, but with a considerable increase in DENV-2 and DENV-3 cases in 2024 compared to the previous year. By December 2025, DENV-3 cases had already surpassed those of DENV-1 for that year. Nine amino acid motifs were identified throughout the genome, especially sites of N-myristoylation, casein kinase II phosphorylation, protein kinase C phosphorylation, and N-glycosylation. The predominant lineages were 3III_C.2 and 3III_C.2.2 until 2022, when lineage 3III_B.3.2 was introduced in Brazil, being associated with the increase in cases. This genotype presented substitutions and the absence of protein motifs compared to previous lineages, suggesting that such alterations contributed to its replicative success.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"587-595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico identification of microRNAs from the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii targeting white tail disease-associated viruses (MrNV and XSV).","authors":"Amnat Phetrungnapha","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02257-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02257-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>White tail disease (WTD), caused by co-infection with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV), is a major viral disease affecting the giant freshwater prawn and is associated with severe mortality during early developmental stages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of antiviral responses in invertebrates, yet their potential interactions with WTD-associated viral genomes remain poorly understood. In this study, host-derived miRNAs previously shown to be upregulated following polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) stimulation were analyzed for predicted interactions with MrNV and XSV genomes using an integrative computational approach. High-confidence miRNA-virus interactions were identified through consensus prediction, structural and thermodynamic analysis, seed-region classification, and conservation assessment across viral isolates. Several conserved miRNA response elements (MREs) were identified within viral genes encoding essential proteins, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and capsid proteins. The conservation and functional importance of these viral genes suggest that host miRNAs may interact with critical components of the viral life cycle. Identification of such candidate interactions provides a basis for improving understanding of host-virus molecular relationships and may help identify candidate miRNAs for future investigation of antiviral defense. This study provides a foundation for future functional investigations and contributes to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying viral infection and host antiviral responses in crustaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"649-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and complete genome of a putative novel Vigna Yellow Mottle Soymovirus infecting wild red cowpea (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis).","authors":"Mesele Tilahun Belete, Seong-Jin Lee, Seungmo Lim","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02263-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02263-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild red cowpea (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) plants exhibiting systemic chlorotic mottles and mosaic patterns on trifoliate leaves were identified during a virus survey in South Korea. High-throughput sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples generated contigs related to members of the genus Soymovirus (family Caulimoviridae). The complete circular double-stranded DNA genome was subsequently determined and validated by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The virus genome is 8,892-nt in length and was tentatively named Vigna yellow mottle soymovirus (VYMSV). Its genomic organization, including primer binding sites, gene arrangement, and open reading frame (ORF) sizes, is largely consistent with those of other soymoviruses, except that ORFI is split into three segments (Ia, Ib, and Ic). The genome contains 10 putative ORFs encoding a movement protein, a coat protein, a replicase polyprotein, a translational activator, and proteins of unknown functions. Pairwise nucleotide sequence comparisons of the reverse transcriptase and RNase H region showed 69.9% identity with Soybean chlorotic mottle virus, consistent with ICTV species demarcation criteria; phylogenetic analysis further corroborated a close evolutionary relationship. Based on these molecular and phylogenetic data, VYMSV represents a putative novel species belonging to the genus Soymovirus. This study expands the known diversity of soymoviruses infecting wild legumes and provides genomic resources for future detection and epidemiological investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"668-673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of human rhinovirus in coastal China: genotyping and epidemic trends in Daishan (2022-2023).","authors":"Jiwei Shu, Jing Wang, Zhe Huang, Yu Zhang, Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11262-026-02262-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-026-02262-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the positive rate and molecular epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Daishan, Zhejiang Province. Throat swab specimens from ILI cases were collected from a hospital in Daishan, Zhejiang Province, between January 2022 and December 2023. Real-time PCR was performed to identify 14 common respiratory pathogens. Nested PCR was performed to amplify the VP4/VP2 gene sequences of HRV-positive specimens. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on the VP4/VP2 regions of HRV. A total of 1,255 specimens were collected. The overall positive rate for respiratory pathogens was 54.34% (682/1,255), with HRV detected in 7.57% (95/1,255) of the cases. Three genotypes of HRV were identified, encompassing 25 serotypes, including 15 types of HRV-A, 5 types of HRV-B, and 5 types of HRV-C. HRV was one of the main pathogens causing respiratory tract infections in Daishan, Zhejiang Province, from January 2022 to December 2023. The prevalence of HRV was complex, with HRV-A being the predominant genotype, while HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C were co-prevalent. Continuous monitoring of HRV infections is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"606-612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}