Virus Genes最新文献

{"title":"Elevated oncogene expressions in koala infected with multiple koala retrovirus subtypes: a preliminary study.","authors":"Lipi Akter, Md Abul Hashem, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Tofazzal Md Rakib, Md Haroon Or Rashid, Fumie Maetani, Kyoko-Tsukiyama Kohara","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02169-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02169-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Koala retrovirus (KoRV) causes multiple disease phenotypes in koalas, including carcinogenesis. The study aimed to assess oncogene expression in spleen tissues from ten deceased koalas coinfected with different subtypes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two subclinically coinfected koalas with KoRV-A and KoRV-B. Initially, KoRV subtyping involved amplifying endogenous KoRV-A, and exogenous KoRV-B, -C specific env gene fragments, followed by sequencing. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we examined five oncogenes (BCL2, BAX, BCL2L1, BCL3, and MYC) in spleen and PBMCs from dead and alive koalas coinfected with multiple KoRV subtypes, respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in BCL2 and BAX oncogene expression were observed in deceased koalas that were coinfected with multiple KoRV subtypes compared with healthy koalas. Thus, this study highlights a potential link between KoRV subtype infections, oncogene expression, and koala diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of RBD mutations with COVID-19 disease severity in the Iranian population.","authors":"Mozhgan Mondeali, Mohamad Mahjoor, Mansoor Khaledi, Ahdiyeh Saghabashi, Seyedeh Faride Alavi Rostami, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02168-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02168-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global public health is still at risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity varies among patients and is influenced by mutations in the viral genome, particularly within the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD). This study aimed to investigate the association between RBD mutations and disease severity and to shed light on the fundamental molecular mechanisms. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were obtained from 70 COVID-19 patients in Iran, including 35 mild and 35 deceased cases. The RBD region of the spike protein gene underwent amplification through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and was subsequently sequenced using Sanger sequencing. The impact of RBD mutations on binding affinity to human ACE2 (hACE2) was assessed by molecular docking analyses. Sequence analysis identified seven nonsynonymous mutations within the RBD region. The N501Y mutation, which was the most prevalent, showed a significant correlation with disease severity. Molecular docking revealed that the N501Y substitution enhanced binding affinity to hACE2 by increasing hydrophobic interactions and altering the interaction patterns of neighboring residues. This study demonstrates that the N501Y mutation has an independent association with increased severity of COVID-19, likely due to its effect on strengthening the RBD-hACE2 interaction. Further studies involving larger cohorts and diverse populations are necessary to confirm these results and to explore their potential implications for disease management and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting monkeypox virus (MPXV): strategies for molecular docking studies on protein inhibition.","authors":"Jayant Murlidhar Kushwaha, Majji Sai Sudha Rani, Shilpy Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02171-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02171-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the year 2022, the outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) occurred in the various countries of Africa, particularly Central and West Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and other countries. Without any delay it spread across more than 100 countries infecting around 116,015 people causing around 255 deaths. Monkeypox is a major public health issue, and it is important to search for new therapeutic approaches. This review article is a review of molecular docking studies to identify possible protein inhibition approaches against Monkeypox virus. The exploration on the molecular architecture of the main viral proteins and their relationships with the host cell, emphasizing how these interactions are important in the viral cycle. By gathering data from multiple molecular docking studies, the evaluation of how effective different structural elements are in disrupting these protein interactions is conducted. The results of the analysis reveal how narrowed the focus of molecular interventions is, which holds the promise for the development of antiviral therapies for Monkeypox (Mpox). Not only does this review update the current understanding of the pathophysiology of Monkeypox, but it also provides a basis for more research to deal with this new viral threat. It will be important for the design of inhibitors that can block the replication and dissemination of MPXV to understand the mechanisms of action of the viral proteins and their interactions with the host cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cucumber mosaic virus infection does not increase the translocation of the green fluorescent protein from GM rootstock to non-GM scion in transgrafted plants.","authors":"Tomofumi Mochizuki, Takumi Ogawa, Kanae Kato, Harue Asuka, Taira Miyahara, Hiroaki Kodama, Daisaku Ohta","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02172-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02172-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant viruses use the plasmodesmata and vascular systems to spread systemically in a plant, which may influence the translocation of exogenous transgene products in genetically modified (GM) plants. Transgrafting is a technique that involves the use of GM plants as grafting partners for non-GM plants, and yields non-GM edible harvests from transgrafted crops; thus, there is potential for its distribution as a non-GM product. However, when growing in agricultural fields, transgrafts are exposed to biotic stresses, such as plant virus infections. In this study, we investigated the influence of a plant virus infection on translocation of transgene products between GM and non-GM parts of transgrafts. We generated homo- and hetero-transgrafts of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing GM tomatoes and GM Nicotiana benthamiana rootstocks with non-GM tomato scions and infected them with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a major plant virus, and analyzed the translocation of GFP protein in transgrafts. The results showed that CMV infection did not promote GFP transfer from GM rootstock to non-GM scions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and complete genome sequence of a novel Mycobacterium phage MS619.","authors":"Qiqi Zhao, Xinpu Shi, Mingshuai Liu, Lei Ji","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02170-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02170-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium, an opportunistic pathogen, is highly prone to causing infections in humans, and its resistance to antibiotics poses a significant challenge. Phage therapy has emerged as a highly promising alternative treatment. In this study, a bacteriophage infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis was isolated from soil, named MS619, and classified within the class Caudoviricetes. Phages have an icosahedral head (60 ± 2 nm in diameter) and a long, non-contractile tail with a size of 125 ± 2 nm. The genome of MS619 was found to be a double-stranded DNA composed of 48,955 bp, containing 76 open reading frames (ORFs), related to phage packaging, structure, lysin, regulation, and replication. The BLASTN results indicated that MS619 exhibits a high-sequence identity (93%) with Mycobacterium phage Georgie2, a known bacteriophage recorded in the NCBI GenBank database. A typical holin-lysin system was identified in the MS619 genome. The topology of holin was predicted to contain two transmembrane domains, which significantly contribute to antimicrobial activity. No antibiotic resistance- or virulence factor-related genes were detected in the phage. Moreover, the bacteriophage demonstrates biofilm growth inhibition capability. This study led to the isolation of MS619, a bacteriophage exhibiting potential antibacterial efficacy against Mycobacterium infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two continuous cell lines BHK-21 and IB-IS2 for isolating field serotypes O and A of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus.","authors":"Siamak Khoshnood, Seyed Mahmoud Azimi, Zahra Ziafati Kafi, Hamideh Najafi, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02166-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02166-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral infection that has a significant economic impact on livestock farming worldwide. The adaptability of a field isolate of FMDV virus for rapid isolation and production of a high antigen titer is one of the concerns of vaccine preparation, which can delay and endanger effective control programs. During a period between 2019 and 2020, a total of 63 oral epithelial samples were collected from vaccinated cattle. These samples were first analyzed and typed to identify the virus using ELISA method. Subsequently, the field virus was isolated using two continuous cell lines, BHK-21 and IB-IS2. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed under an inverted microscope, and then viral titration of isolated viruses was determined. Of 63 samples received from 2019 to 2020, 50 samples (79.36%) were reported positive by type-specific ELISA and typed as follows: 32 samples (64%) were type O, and 18 samples (36%) were type A. Of 50 positive samples, 38 samples (76%) were isolated in the IB-IS2 cell culture (26 samples type O, 12 samples type A) and 12 samples (34%) were isolated in the BHK-21 cell culture (9 samples type O, 3 samples type A) during three consecutive passages. The mean virus titration of isolated viruses was 10^-3.4 TCID₅₀ in the IB-IS2 cell line and 10^-4.2 TCID₅₀ in BHK-21 cell line. 26 samples that were initially isolated on the IB-IS2 cell line but not on the BHK-21 cell line were successfully isolated on the BHK-21 cell line after three consecutive passages of culture on the IB-IS2 cell line. In these samples, an average increase of about 10^-1.08 in TCID50 was observed. Although both studied cell lines are suitable for the culture of Foot-and-mouth Disease virus, the IB-IS2 cell line is particularly suitable for the isolation of field viruses. While according to the virus titer (TCID50) produced in the BHK-21 cell line, this cell line is suitable for large-scale virus culture and appropriate for the production of inactivated vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a real-time fluorescent RAA assay for H9 subtype avian influenza viruses.","authors":"Wanting Zhou, Xiaoqi Li, Jie Tian, Shuo Liu, Cheng Peng, Jinping Li, Guangyu Hou, Jizhe Yang, Wenming Jiang, Hualei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02167-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-025-02167-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is a critical pathogen responsible for avian infectious diseases, inducing respiratory symptoms in poultry and exhibiting high susceptibility to coinfections, which complicates clinical diagnosis. In this study, we designed specific primers and probes targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H9N2 AIV and developed a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RT-RAA) assay through systematic optimization of reaction components and conditions. The established method demonstrated exclusive reactivity with the H9N2 subtype, yielding negative results for all other tested viral pathogens, thereby showcasing high specificity. Analytical sensitivity testing revealed the capability to detect as low as 13.5 copies/μL of H9N2 viral RNA, indicating superior sensitivity. To further validate the practical application of this method, a total of 48 clinical samples, comprising oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, were tested using the developed RT-RAA assay. The results revealed a positivity rate of 79%, reflecting strong diagnostic performance. This study presents a rapid RT-RAA assay characterized by high specificity and sensitivity, offering a robust technical platform for the immediate identification of H9N2 AIV and facilitating epidemiological surveillance in avian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral siRNA delivered using attenuated, anthrax toxin protects cells from the cytopathic effects of Zika virus.","authors":"Benedita K L Feron, Timothy Gomez, Natalie C Youens, Nourhan A M Mahmoud, Hadeer K S Abdelrahman, Joachim J Bugert, Simon C W Richardson","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02152-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02152-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Curative drugs are needed for the treatment of viral infections. Small interfering (si)RNA offer such a prospect but require the development of safe, effective and non-hepatotropic subcellular delivery systems. Here, 5 candidate siRNA molecules targeting defined sequences within the Zika Virus (ZIKV) genome were assayed for their ability to reduce ZIKV induced cytopathic effects in vitro. The protection of Huh-7 cells from ZIKV cytopathic effects was recorded after electroporation and the siRNA Feron-Zv2, resulting in 122.7 ± 5.3% cell viability (n = 3 ± standard error of the mean (SEM), 100 nM siRNA) after exposure to ZIKV relative to a virus treated control (35.2 ± 7.1% cell viability (n = 3 ± SEM)). Protection of BHK-21 cells was recorded after transfection with an attenuated anthrax toxin containing an RNA binding domain. Treatment with Feron-Zv4 resulted in 75.1 ± 2.9% cell viability (n = 3 ± SEM, 25 nM siRNA) after exposure to ZIKV. This protection was mirrored by a system containing octameric PA where a maximum of 86.2 ± 4.4% cell viability was reported (n = 3 ± SEM, 75 nM siRNA) after treatment with Feron-Zv2. Scrambled siRNA afforded no measurable protection. Here we report for the first time that siRNA delivered by either attenuated anthrax toxin or octamer forming ATx can protect mammalian cells from ZIKV cytopathic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"342-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New lytic and new temperate Staphylococcus hyicus phages.","authors":"Karel Petrzik, Lucie Sovová","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02151-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02151-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel lytic phage with a broad host range was isolated from pig faeces and the complete genome was subsequently sequenced. The phage was found to lyse Staphylococcus hyicus, S. pseudintermedius, S. schleiferi and S. warneri, generating approximately 27 PFU per infected S. hyicus cell. The phage has an isometric head of 42 ± 2 nm in diameter and a noncontractile tail of 114 ± 9 nm long. The genome is 53,660 bp in size and consists of 79 predicted ORFs and one tRNA^Arg gene. The phage has been classified within the Caudoviricetes, specifically the Chaseviridae family. Its broad host range and absence of harmful genes make it suitable for use in phage therapy. In addition, a novel temperate phage was discovered that was spontaneously released from a S. hyicus isolate Pel11 from a pig with exudative epidermitis. This novel temperate phage differs from the known temperate phages in S. hyicus strains NCTC10350, MM2101 or 83/7-1B, representing a novel pathogenicity element in the S. hyicus genome.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"377-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norovirus GI.5 [P4]: first report of the rare norovirus recombinant variant in Northeastern Mexico and its global epidemiological context.","authors":"José Antonio Cortés-Trigueros, Axel Ossio, Norma Heredia, Néstor Casillas-Vega, Santos García, Jose Angel Merino-Mascorro","doi":"10.1007/s11262-025-02144-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11262-025-02144-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norovirus is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks, considerably impacting children under 5 years, followed by older adults and immunocompromised individuals. As an RNA virus, norovirus exhibits high genetic variability, driven by recombination events at the ORF1-ORF2 junction. This study reports the first detection of the rare norovirus GI.5 [P4] variant in Northeastern Mexico, identified in a single positive isolate (MTY0115; GenBank: PQ369661) from a sample group of 386 individuals, with a prevalence of 0.25%. Notably, norovirus GII was not detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp/VP1 region revealed clustering with global GI.5 [P4] sequences, revealing evolutionary relationships with isolates from Asia, Europe, and America. A recombination event was identified at position 5307 (breakpoint based on reference sequences of GI.5 [P5] and GI.4 [P4]) within ORF1, with genetic inheritance from a GI.5 [P5] isolate from Moscow, Russia, and a GI.4 [P4] isolate from France. Typing classification through sequencing of overlapping ORF1 and ORF2 regions is valuable for understanding genomic variations and their epidemiological impact on at-risk and non-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51212,"journal":{"name":"Virus Genes","volume":" ","pages":"294-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}