Nanoscale Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"One-pot biosynthesis of Bio-PdZnO bimetallic nanoparticles for efficient p-nitrophenol remediation in water","authors":"Divya Purushothaman,&nbsp;Mrudula Pulimi","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05030-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05030-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The degradation of toxic organic pollutants such as <i>p</i>-nitrophenol (PNP) remains a persistent challenge in wastewater and industrial effluent treatment due to their toxicity and resistance to conventional treatment processes. Eco-friendly treatment strategies that integrate biological and nanotechnological approaches are required. This study investigates biosynthesis of a bimetallic bio-nanocomposite, Bio-PdZnO, synthesized in one-pot biogenic route, for effective PNP remediation under visible light irradiation. Aerobic microbial granules were cultivated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for 30 days, operated at four cycles per day. Bioreduction of PdZnO was facilitated by biogenic hydrogen generated during microbial fermentation, resulting in the formation of Bio-PdZnO granules. The removal performance of PNP was evaluated using adsorption isotherm and kinetic models by varying key parameters, including nanocomposite ratio, PNP concentration, nanocomposite dosage, temperature, and contact time. Comprehensive characterization using FESEM–EDAX, XRD and XPS confirmed the structural stability, elemental composition and effective formation of metal–granule complexes, A maximum p-Nitrophenol removal efficiency of 85% was achieved under optimized conditions (PNP concentration: 20 mg L⁻¹; contact time: 6 h, extended to 24 h to confirm complete degradation; nanocomposite dosage: 0.8 g; Bio-PdZnO granule ratio: 1:4). HRMS analysis indicated the formation of less toxic intermediates after degradation of PNP, spectrum peaks were found at m/z 110, 115,126, 128, 133.05, 135.03 and 141.94 suggesting the presence of degradative by-products, such as Benzoquinone, hydroquinol, hydroquinone, catechol, or simple organic acids confirming effective transformation of PNP. Phytotoxicity assessment using <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (tomato) seeds showed enhanced root and shoot growth upon treatment with Bio-PdZnO-treated filtrate and disposed Bio-PdZnO granules. Bio-PdZnO bio-nanocomposite demonstrated effective and sustainable removal of PNP from water. Treated filtrate and diposed Bio-PdZnO granules promoting plant growth, suggesting potential use as a Bio-fertilizer. The integration of biological granules with bimetallic Pd and Zn nanostructures offers most promising, scalable approach for wastewater treatment, highlighting the potential of Bio-PdZnO for broader environmental remediation applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13728039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes in regenerative medicine from biological messengers to engineered nanocarriers for precision therapeutics","authors":"Shampa Ghosh,&nbsp;Rakesh Bhaskar,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Samarth Sharma,&nbsp;Sung Soo Han,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05089-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05089-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exosomes have emerged as a promising class of next-generation nanocarriers at the intersection of regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Compared with conventional synthetic nanocarriers and stem cell-based therapies, exosomes offer unique advantages, including intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, blood-barrier penetration, and natural intercellular cargo transfer. This review critically examines exosome biology, beginning with their biogenesis, structural composition, and roles in cellular homeostasis, immune regulation, autophagy, and tissue repair. Particular emphasis is placed on their therapeutic relevance in wound healing, neuroregeneration, cardiovascular repair, musculoskeletal regeneration, and cancer. The review further discusses major strategies for exosomal cargo engineering, including passive loading, electroporation, sonication, transfection-based approaches, extrusion, freeze–thaw treatment, and chemical functionalization. In addition, scaffold-assisted delivery systems and hybrid exosome–synthetic nanocarrier platforms are highlighted as important advances for improving local retention, targeting precision, and controlled release. Despite strong preclinical promise, translation remains limited by challenges in scalable manufacturing, purification, batch consistency, loading efficiency, potency assessment, and regulatory standardization. Future progress in this field will depend on the development of scalable and GMP-compatible exosome manufacturing, standardized purification and characterization methods, validated potency assays, regulatory-aligned quality control, and artificial intelligence (AI) engineering strategies to translate exosome-based platforms into safe, reproducible, and clinically effective regenerative therapeutics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-05089-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the mechanisms, management, and nanomaterial-based strategies for root resorption","authors":"Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuhang Wei,&nbsp;Zhouqiao Xie,&nbsp;Hanwei Yu,&nbsp;Xutong Zhu,&nbsp;Siyuan Li,&nbsp;Xuejun Ge,&nbsp;Yuting Niu,&nbsp;Nan Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05113-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05113-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root resorption (RR) involves the loss of mineralized root tissues and may compromise tooth integrity and long-term retention. Internal and external RR arise in different pulpal and periodontal microenvironments and require etiology-specific management. Although conventional treatment can arrest many lesions, persistent infection, complex resorptive defects, and limited control of inflammatory or clastic-cell activity remain therapeutic challenges. This narrative review summarizes RR classification, clinical management, and key mechanisms, including protective-tissue disruption, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent clastic-cell activation, inflammatory signaling, and mechanotransduction, and evaluates nanomaterial-based approaches by function. Potential benefits are weighed against cytotoxicity, local retention, effects on physiological remodeling, and the risk of inappropriate bone formation or ankylosis. Most current evidence remains preclinical, and substantial challenges related to efficacy, safety, targeting, manufacturing, and clinical validation must be addressed before clinical translation. Whether nanomaterials developed for bone resorption can be adapted to promote cementum-like repair of the resorbed root surface remains a hypothesis requiring RR- and cementum-specific validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-05113-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stoichiometry-engineered cobalt ferrite-based nanomaterials with tunable magnetism, magnetostriction, and in vitro cytotoxicity","authors":"Anil S. Gaikwad,&nbsp;Manisha R. Patil,&nbsp;Sher Singh Meena,&nbsp;Gurdev Preet Singh,&nbsp;Jasvir Singh,&nbsp;Sharabjit Singh,&nbsp;Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim,&nbsp;Rutuja Gumathannavar,&nbsp;Akash V. Fulari,&nbsp;Ram H. Kadam,&nbsp;Danyang Wang,&nbsp;Sagar E. Shirsath","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composition-dependent Co-Fe oxide samples with nominal Co_xFe_3-xO₄ stoichiometry (x = 0.5–1.1) were prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion to examine their phase constitution, microstructure, magnetic behavior, pellet-scale magnetostriction, and in vitro response toward MCF-7 breast-cancer cells. Rietveld analysis showed coexistence of cubic spinel ferrite and α-Fe₂O₃ for x = 0.5–0.8, whereas x = 0.9–1.1 were predominantly single-phase spinel; crystallite sizes were approximately 20–30 nm. At 300 K, coercivity reached 1.86 kOe for x = 0.7. Sintered-pellet measurements also gave the largest longitudinal magnetostriction at x = 0.7 (λ∥,max = -425 ppm), while x = 0.9 and 1.0 showed lower measured strain magnitudes. In MTT assays conducted without an applied magnetic field, growth inhibition increased with concentration and was highest for x = 1.1 and x = 1.0, reaching 46.2% and 44.7%, respectively, at 1000 µg mL^-1 after 48 h. Phase-contrast microscopy and DAPI nuclear staining showed concentration-dependent loss of confluence, cell rounding, and nuclear condensation or fragmentation. These observations indicate cytotoxic damage but do not by themselves establish apoptosis or its molecular mechanism. Because magnetostriction was measured on sintered pellets, whereas the biological assays used nanoparticle suspensions under zero-field conditions, the two data sets are treated as independent outcomes. The present results establish composition-dependent structure–magnetic–magnetostrictive relationships in Co–Fe oxide nanomaterials together with their baseline in-vitro response, while the measured magnetostrictive properties provide a materials-level basis for future magnetic-field-assisted biomedical investigations.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal analysis of shape-dependent Fe3O4–CoFe2O4 hybrid nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and chemical reaction","authors":"Iskander Tlili,&nbsp;Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie,&nbsp;Ulavathi Shettar Mahabaleshwar","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05080-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05080-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficient thermal systems have become important in analyzing the challenging demand of sustainable and engineering systems. The suspension of hybrid nanofluid (HNF) presents superior thermal consequences and offering new opportunities in enhancing the efficiency of modern energy systems. Current analysis attributes applications of radiated hybrid nanofluid with applications of shape features and implementation of radiated effects. The magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and cobalt ferrite (<i>CoFe</i>₂O₄) nanoparticles with engine oil base fluid have been adopted to model hybrid nanofluid (HNF) decomposition. Five shape features (cylindrical, spherical, hexahedral, tetrahedral and column) are discussed in suspension of HNF. Heat transfer dynamic is assessed with help of thermal radiation and modified Cattaneo-Christov approach. The mass transfer of HNF is also predicted with chemical reactive species. The shooting scheme is opposed to solving the problem. The complied results report applications to next-generation thermal systems and nuclear energy management. The findings reveal that enhancing the Deborah number and nanoparticles volume fraction improves the thermal profile, where the Hartmann number and thermal relaxation number suppresses the velocity and temperature profile, respectively. The nanoparticles shape and thermal radiation improves the thermal behavior. The concentration field declines with increasing the concentration relaxation number and chemical reaction parameter. Moreover, the Sherwood number increases the enhances with concentration relaxation, and the wall shear force decreases with Hartmann number for larger Deborah number.</p><p>Clinical trial number. Not applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-05080-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer enhancement of control nanofluid flow induced by circular porous slider","authors":"Qurrath Ul Aine,&nbsp;R Naveen Kumar,&nbsp;M. C. Jayaprakash,&nbsp;Mohit Sahni,&nbsp;R. J. Punith Gowda,&nbsp;Harikaranahalli Puttaiah Shivaraju","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05061-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05061-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To improve heat and mass transfer efficiency, nanofluid-based thermal engineering needs efficient nanoparticle control mechanisms. Brownian motion and thermophoresis significantly affect heat and mass transfer characteristics and nanoparticle movement. Inspired by these applications, the current work examines the flow and transfer characteristics of a Casson nanofluid moving via a circular porous slider with an applied magnetic field, Brownian motion, thermophoresis and active/passive nanoparticle control. The present research​ compares active and passive nanoparticle control techniques and investigates the coupled interaction of these mechanisms within a non-Newtonian Casson fluid. The governing nonlinear equations are transformed using appropriate similarity transformations into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) technique. Additionally, the transfer properties are analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANN forecasts exhibit outstanding agreement with the numerical data, while the RSM model achieves prediction accuracies of 99.48 and 99.88% for the active and passive cases, respectively. Higher temperature and concentration profiles are produced by active nanoparticle control than by passive control. The results are pertinent to enhanced cooling technologies, biomedical transfer systems, porous lubrication devices and thermal energy management. They also offer new perspectives on nanoparticle transfer processes.</p><p>Clinical trial: Not applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-05061-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal scrutinization of stagnation point flow of viscous dissipative ternary hybrid nanomaterial with surface tension gradient effects","authors":"Abdulrahman Mussa Dallak,&nbsp;Mouna Ettoumi,&nbsp;Ghada Ragheb Elnaggar,&nbsp;Aydin Secer,&nbsp;Naila Djibrilla","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05078-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05078-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proposed model has potential uses in advanced thermal and mass transmission systems that need nanoparticle deposition and improved heat transfer. Its applications include industrial cooling and heating systems, polymer and material processing, chemical reactors, solar thermal devices, electronic cooling, and energy storage systems. The combination of thermophoretic particle deposition, activation energy, surface-tension gradients, viscous dissipation, and heat generation creates a realistic framework for assessing and managing heat and mass transport in high-temperature engineering processes. This work uses the expanded Yamada-Ota model to examine thermophoresis particle deposition in Stagnation point flow of trihybrid nanofluid with non-linear heat source and activation energy in relation to Magneto-Marangoni convective heat transmission. Applying the considerable similarity transformation results in the creation of the nonlinear dimensionless system as ordinary differential equations (ODEs). As the Marangoni convection parameter values increase, solutal and thermal profiles decline. The concentration profile becomes more prominent as the activation energy parameter values increase.</p><p><b>Clinical trial</b></p><p>This study is not a clinical trial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-05078-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network and Bvp4c approach for mixed convective magnetized Casson nanoliquid flow and heat transportation over a stretchable cylinder under the presence of activation energy and nth order chemical reaction","authors":"Aaqib Majeed,&nbsp;Muhammad Junaid Zia,&nbsp;Taoufik Saidani,&nbsp;Jihad Younis,&nbsp;Parvez Ali,&nbsp;Yakup Yildirim,&nbsp;Ali N. A. Koam","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05097-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of the current study is to investigate mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat transfer in non-Newtonian Casson nanoliquid flowing across a stretching cylinder under the collective effects of thermal radiation, activation energy, and nth order chemical reaction. The present proposed model is applicable to industrial processes involving cooling of cylindrical components and high-temperature manufacturing systems. Convective boundary conditions, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and mixed-convection effects are included in the mathematical model to capture the transport phenomena adequately. The transformed governing differential equations are then solved numerically using hybrid approach bvp4c and ANN. To improve predictive capability and computational efficiency, a Levenberg–Marquardt-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed using the numerical dataset generated from the bvp4c solutions. The dataset is subdivided into 70% of training, 15% of validation, and 15% of testing, and the ANN predictions exhibit excellent agreement with the numerical results, demonstrating high accuracy and strong generalization performance. The effects of the governing parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are examined comprehensively. The novel results reveal that increasing the magnetic parameter and Casson fluid parameter suppresses the velocity field, whereas thermal radiation and convective heating significantly enhance the temperature distribution. Moreover, higher activation energy intensifies the concentration profile, while enhancing the order of chemical reaction reduces nanoparticle concentration. The variations in wall friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number are also quantified and discussed in detail. Comparison with previously published limiting cases confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed numerical methodology. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid bvp4c–ANN framework provides an efficient and reliable computational tool for analyzing complex nonlinear nanofluid transport problems encountered in advanced thermal engineering, energy systems, and industrial heat transfer applications.</p><p>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13728091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A testable framework integrates platelet engineering and injectable hydrogels with CAR T cells for localized treatment of microscopic residual disease after breast cancer surgery","authors":"Farshad Heydari,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Alqassimi,&nbsp;Nasrin Mansuri,&nbsp;Mehdi Derakhshani,&nbsp;Michael R Hamblin,&nbsp;Jalal Naghinezhad","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05095-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05095-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Postoperative recurrence remains a major cause of treatment failure in breast cancer, largely because microscopic residual disease persists within a biologically active surgical niche characterized by inflammation, immune suppression, and spatially irregular tumor beds. In this review, we critically evaluate whether combining a precisely defined platelet-derived module, an injectable hydrogel, and CAR-T cells can provide nonredundant advantages over standard treatment and simpler local or pairwise alternatives in postoperative breast cancer. Platelet-inspired delivery systems exploit endogenous injury-homing and adhesion biology to improve localization to damaged vasculature and disease-relevant tissue, while hydrogels provide cavity-conformal retention, prolonged local release, and spatial control of therapeutic exposure within irregular surgical beds. CAR-T cells confer antigen-directed cytotoxicity to eliminate residual malignant cells that survive surgery and conventional adjuvant treatment. Importantly, the supporting evidence is tiered rather than uniform. Most studies have evaluated individual modules or selected pairwise combinations that directly support functions such as injury-associated localization, local retention, or antigen-directed cytotoxicity. Direct evidence of postoperative breast cancer is currently limited to intact platelet–B7-H3 CAR-T conjugates, a pairwise product that contains neither an injectable hydrogel nor a platelet-membrane-coated nanocarrier. The closest three-component precedent used a hyaluronic acid hydrogel to co-deliver CSPG4-directed CAR-T cells, IL-15-loaded polymer nanoparticles, and intact anti-PD-L1-conjugated platelets after resection of subcutaneous human melanoma in NSG mice. No published study has directly tested this defined platelet-membrane-coated nanocarrier–hydrogel–CAR-T product in postoperative breast cancer; therefore, interpret the construct discussed here as a hypothesis-driven, critical design perspective rather than a validated, disease-specific platform. We further discuss the potential of this integrated approach to improve control of microscopic disease within or immediately adjacent to the surgical bed and to remodel the local postoperative immune microenvironment. However, effects on regional nodal or distant relapse remain unproven and would require integration with regional radiotherapy and subtype-directed systemic therapy. Finally, we highlight the major barriers that must be resolved before clinical translation, including platelet-associated thrombogenicity, off-target biodistribution, CAR-T trafficking and persistence, antigen heterogeneity, manufacturability, and the need for predictive biomarker-guided patient selection. Collectively, this review reframes the postoperative breast cancer bed as a programmable therapeutic microenvironment and outlines a rational roadmap for next-generation adjuvant immunoengineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13728083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of amphiphilic Fe3O4@CS/CTAB core shell nanocomposites for enhanced oil recovery via interfacial tension reduction and wettability alteration","authors":"Mohamed Abu Shuheil,&nbsp;Dilipkumar S. Patel,&nbsp;N. Beemkumar,&nbsp;Tariq Abdulkader Alrihaim,&nbsp;Dhirendra Nath Thatoi,&nbsp;Ripendeep Singh,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;Perminder Singh,&nbsp;Ahmad Khalid","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-05088-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-05088-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capillary entrapment and oil wet reservoir rocks severely limit the ultimate recovery of crude oil during conventional water flooding processes. This study aims to engineer a highly stable amphiphilic Iron(III) oxide@chitosan/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Fe₃O₄@CS/CTAB) core shell nanocomposite to significantly enhance secondary and tertiary oil recovery by reducing dynamic oil water interfacial tension and altering rock wettability. The core shell nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical coprecipitation followed by chitosan encapsulation and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide functionalization. Comprehensive characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the successful grafting and structural integrity of the 14.5 nm crystalline magnetite cores. Colloidal stability tests identified 1000 ppm as the optimal concentration ensuring prolonged thermodynamic dispersion. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that the nanofluid drastically reduced the interfacial tension to 1.8 mN/m and shifted the heavily oil wet sandstone contact angles from 158 degrees to a strongly water wet state of 31.10°. Dynamic core flooding experiments validated these static findings where a sequential tertiary injection strategy yielded ultimate recovery factors of 73.4% and 70.3% for low and high acidic crude oils respectively. In summary the engineered nanocomposites effectively mobilize trapped residual oil through synergistic structural disjoining pressure and electrostatic interactions proving to be highly efficient agents for advanced enhanced oil recovery applications.</p><p>Clinical trial number: Not applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13728020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149328038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}