Nanoscale Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"Sustained ocular drug delivery via polydopamine chitosan curcumin nanocomposite coatings","authors":"Ashley He,&nbsp;Vincent Chen,&nbsp;Jiashing Yu","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04556-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04556-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional methods of ocular drug delivery (i.e.) eye drops, have limited effectiveness, with only <span>(sim )</span> 5% the administered dose reaching deeper ocular tissues due to rapid drainage and barriers like the corneal epithelium and blood-retinal barriers. Alternatives such as ocular implants, gels, microneedles, and iontophoresis can improve bioavailability but often cause patient discomfort, invasiveness, or require specialized equipment. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses are utilized in this study for sustained drug delivery using polydopamine (PDA) coatings combined with curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPs). Optimized PDA coatings, achieved with a 0.1 M dopamine hydrochloride solution 10 h immersion, resulted in a uniform 1–3 <span>(mu )</span>m thickness and functioned as a therapeutic neutral-density. Reaction time influenced nanoparticle distribution. Shorter times (1 h) yield narrower size distributions and reduced aggregation. At a chitosan and tripolyphosphate (TPP) ratio of 2:1, particles averaged 167.3±1.9 nm with a low polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.15–0.25, indicating uniformity. Ethanol minimized aggregation, resulting in a narrower size distribution subsequently and creating a smooth nanocomposite film. Curcumin’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are protected from thermal degradation within chitosan NPs, and the hydrophilic PDA coating further stabilized the lenses. We created a convenient, non-invasive alternative to traditional methods, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance in ocular drug delivery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04556-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption performances and electrochemical characteristics of methyl blue onto CuxMn(1−x)Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles prepared via the self-propagating combustion process","authors":"Lei Sun,&nbsp;Min Liu,&nbsp;Zhou Wang","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04614-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04614-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis of Cu_xMn_(1−x)Fe₂O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was carried out via self-propagating combustion process, their characterizations were performed using VSM, TEM, and XRD. To achieve an increased surface-to-mass ratio and optimal saturation magnetization for separation, the component ratio, calcination temperature and solvent dosage were optimized. For methyl blue (MB) removal, Cu_0.1Mn_0.9Fe₂O₄ MNPs thermally processed at 400 °C for 2 h demonstrated a mean diameter of 16 ± 4 nm and saturation magnetization of 26.8 emu/g. MB adsorption mechanisms on Cu_0.1Mn_0.9Fe₂O₄ MNPs were resolved via kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic analyses. MB adsorption on Cu_0.1Mn_0.9Fe₂O₄ MNPs was optimally modeled by pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm (R²  &gt; 0.98), capturing both the uptake dynamics and equilibrium state, signifying monolayer adsorption governed by chemisorption; while, thermodynamic statistical analysis confirmed endothermic MB adsorption on Cu_0.1Mn_0.9Fe₂O₄ MNPs (ΔH° &gt; 0) in the thermodynamic temperature range of 303–323 K, with elevated temperatures significantly enhancing removal efficiency due to favorable energetics. The positive correlation between pH elevation and adsorption capacity revealed pH-tunable adsorption characteristics. After 4 cycles, with 73.3% retention of initial adsorption capacity, Cu_0.1Mn_0.9Fe₂O₄ MNPs demonstrated moderate cyclic stability and significant potential for dye removal applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04614-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHD heat and mass transfer of a ternary hybrid nanofluid over a rotating sphere","authors":"A. M. Obalalu,&nbsp;Umair Khan,&nbsp;E. O. Fatunmbi,&nbsp;Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie,&nbsp;Jomana A. Bashatah","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04597-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04597-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer of a ternary hybrid nanofluid over a rotating sphere incorporating thermophoretic particle deposition, thermal radiation, activation energy and chemical reaction effects. The nanofluid consists of <span>(text{C}text{u})</span>–<span>({text{Fe}}_{3}{text{O}}_{4})</span>–<span>({text{ZrO}}_{2})</span> nanoparticles dispersed in propylene glycol. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations, which are solved using the Gegenbauer wavelet method. Results indicate that increasing magnetic interaction suppresses velocity due to Lorentz force effects while enhancing thermal distribution. Higher nanoparticle volume fraction improves heat transfer but increases viscous resistance. Thermophoresis and activation energy significantly influence mass transfer characteristics. Comparative analysis reveals that the ternary hybrid nanofluid exhibits enhanced thermal performance relative to the corresponding hybrid nanofluid configuration. The findings provide theoretical insight into MHD-controlled rotating nanofluid systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04597-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide nanoparticles oscillation in drilling fluid for heat transfer with entropy generation over radiative cylinder in fluctuating and laminar regimes","authors":"Nidhal Ben Khedher,&nbsp;Zia Ullah,&nbsp;Wubale Demis Alamirew,&nbsp;Saleh Al Arni,&nbsp;Isam Elbadawi,&nbsp;Ilyas Khan,&nbsp;Ioannis E. Sarris,&nbsp;Mouldi Ben Amara,&nbsp;Mohamed Boujelbene","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04574-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04574-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oscillatory motion of graphene oxide-Go nanoparticles in water lubricating Maxwell nanofluid flow for heat and mass transfer enhancement in steady and fluctuating regime is important significance of this study. The aim of this work indicates the temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration rate and velocity field around stretching radiating-cylinder in drilling systems. The nonlinear radiating energy, entropy generation, mixed convection, buoyancy ratio and oscillatory effects are assumed for heat and mass performance. The partial differential based mathematical expressions are developed to estimate the values of current analysis. The oscillatory stokes conditions, complex variables, and primitive transformations are applied to develop steady and fluctuating results. The computational outputs are secured using very efficient methods like finite difference and Gaussian elimination. The graphical outputs are displayed through TecPlot-360 and FORTRAN. The fluid velocity field, energy, and concentration outputs are executed with the help of various physical factors. The steady friction and steady thermal rate are depicted and are used in transient algorithm to depict the fluctuating friction rate and oscillatory thermal-mass transport. The magnitude of fluid velocity, fluid temperature and fluid concentration enhances as Maxwell parameter is enhanced. The variation in fluid velocity amplitude and fluid temperature increases as radiating energy is enhanced. For high parametric range of Maxwell number, the steady skin friction and mass transfer increases but heat transfer decreases. At smaller Eckert number, the oscillations in transient skin friction, transient heat and mass transfer are enhanced. At higher Maxwell parameter, buoyancy and Schmidt number, the large amplitude in heat and mass oscillations is observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04574-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel dialdehyde fullerene-like carbon nanostructures from red garlic peels for naked-eye cyclohexane gas sensing and pH","authors":"Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04581-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04581-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces highly sensitive, functionalized dialdehyde fullerene-like carbon nanostructures (DAFs) as a versatile platform for chemical sensing. The DAFs were synthesized through an effective functionalization strategy, confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which introduced key dialdehyde groups necessary for multi-modal detection. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) validated a critical morphological evolution from small carbon dots (CDs) to larger, fullerene-shaped DAFs, providing a new electronic and structural foundation for sensing. The DAFs demonstrate dual sensing capabilities for both pH and non-polar organic vapors, specifically explosive cyclohexane (LEL ≈ 13000 ppm). The DAFs sensor’s Limit of Detection (LOD) of 137.34 ppm is strategically justified by this hazard, as it provides an early, high-reliability safety warning significantly below the 10% LEL industrial safety threshold of 1300 ppm. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations elucidated the mechanism of gas detection, confirming that the interaction with non-polar cyclohexane fundamentally alters the electronic structure of the DAFs, causing the dipole moment (µ) to increase significantly from 5.060 Debye to 8.203 Debye, which underlies the observed fluorescence enhancement. Experimentally, the DAFs function as an effective pH probe, exhibiting a distinctive “turn-on” fluorescence response at alkaline pH 12 due to the deprotonation of surface functional groups. Crucially, the material operates as a simple, naked-eye visual sensor for cyclohexane, quantified by a clear shift in CIE chromaticity coordinates from (0.193, 0.422) to (0.209, 0.473) upon gas exposure. This work provides a deep, integrated theoretical and experimental understanding of functionalized carbon nanostructures for industrial safety and general environmental applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04581-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-assisted synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial efficacy of titanium dioxide nanoparticles mediated by Pterolobium hexapetalum leaf extract","authors":"D. Sushmitha,&nbsp;P. R. Jeyaramraja","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04608-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04608-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The search for high-efficiency antimicrobial nanomaterials has intensified due to the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of <i>Pterolobium hexapetalum</i>. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of a pure nanocrystalline anatase phase (XRD) with a primary crystallite size of 10–15 nm and an optical band gap of 3.18 eV. While UV–Visible spectroscopy showed characteristic absorption bands at 209.5 and 270.5 nm, DLS and Zeta potential (+ 9 mV) measurements indicated that the nanoparticles exist as aggregated colloidal clusters with a hydrodynamic diameter of 399.2 nm. FTIR and SEM verified the presence of plant-derived functional groups and a clustered, rough surface morphology. Biological evaluation via agar well diffusion, MIC, and MBC assays demonstrated that the TiO₂ NPs significantly outperformed the parent leaf extract. At a dose of 100 µg/well, the TiO₂ NPs produced inhibition zones of 22.67 mm for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and 27.67 mm for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, surpassing the absolute zones produced by the ciprofloxacin (5 µg/well) control. The MIC values (31.25–62.5 µg/mL) and an MBC/MIC ratio of 2 indicate a potent, primarily bactericidal mode of action, achieving a two- to four-fold increase in potency over the crude extract. These findings establish <i>P. hexapetalum</i>–mediated TiO₂ NPs as a promising platform for antimicrobial applications in wound care and decontamination technologies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04608-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipathogenic carbon dots synthesized from fluorescent amino acids and their photodynamic activity","authors":"Selin S. Suner,&nbsp;Mehtap Sahiner,&nbsp;Jorge H. Torres,&nbsp;Nurettin Sahiner","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04612-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04612-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) were prepared from essential fluorescent amino acids, such as lysine (Lys), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp) by two routes, microwave and teflon-lined autoclave. The fluorescent properties of these amino acids were significantly improved in their corresponding CD forms, especially for those prepared via the hydrothermal process. A significantly high fluorescent intensity was measured in the emission range of 420–470 nm at the excitation wavelengths of 300–350 nm. While a negatively zeta potential value of − 9.8 ± 2.6 mV was obtained for Lys CDs suspension, the CDs of Phe, Tyr, and Trp afforded strong positive zeta potentials, + 24.0 ± 2.4, + 12.5 ± 3.1, and + 31.9 ± 3.8 mV, respectively. The Lys CDs were found not to be antimicrobial even at a 10 mg/mL concentration, which is likely due to their negative surface charge that weakens electrostatic interactions with negatively charged microbial membranes. Whereas the Phe, Tyr, and Trp CDs had a 2.5 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) against a Gram-negative bacterium, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. The Phe CDs commenced the highest antibacterial effect against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (ATCC 6633) Gram-positive bacteria, but the lowest MIC value of 1.25 mg/mL was determined for Tyr CDs against <i>Candida albicans</i> (ATCC 10231) fungus. Furthermore, a UV light exposure, 30 min treatment of UV-A light with a 6.88 mW/cm² irradiance value on amino acids CD exhibited improved photodynamic activity. The natural amino acid-derived CDs show great biocompatibility on L929 fibroblast cells with &gt; 86% cell viability, for all formulations except Tyr CDs, retaining 78 ± 3% viability even at 1000 μg/mL concentration, and blood compatibility at 500 μg/mL concentration. Therefore, these CDs derived from fluorescent amino acids are photoactivated and are of excellent nanosized materials in a variety of biomedical in vitro and in vivo uses, including diagnostic, sensor, and therapeutic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04612-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peganum harmala leaf extract mediated green synthesised polyvinyl alcohol zinc oxide beta cyclodextrin nanocomposite for anticancer and antimicrobial applications","authors":"Abdulrahman Alasmari,&nbsp;Chellasamy Panneerselvam","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04593-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04593-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study describes the eco-friendly synthesis and multifunctional investigation of a <i>Peganum harmala</i> leaf extract–mediated PVA/ZnO@β-CD nanocomposite. The synthesised nanocomposite was characterised by UV–Vis, FTIR, and XRD analyses, which confirmed the formation of crystalline ZnO NPs within the PVA/β-CD network. The UV–Vis absorption peak at 354.34 nm indicated quantum confinement effects, while FTIR spectra verified Zn–O bond formation and strong intermolecular interactions among ZnO, β-CD, and PVA. XRD patterns demonstrated the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with nanoscale crystallinity. Morphological analysis by FE-SEM and HR-TEM revealed uniformly distributed quasi-spherical NPs (15–25 nm) embedded within the polymeric network. Elemental mapping further confirmed the presence of Zn, C, and O as major constituents. Additionally, DLS and zeta potential analyses indicated excellent colloidal stability (–33.62 mV) and a narrow nanosized distribution (299.4 nm). Biological evaluation demonstrated potent, selective anticancer activity of the nanocomposite against MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells, with time-dependent IC₅₀ values of 24.45, 20.83, and 12.74 µg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. In contrast, it exhibited minimal cytotoxicity toward normal HMECs. Mechanistic studies revealed enhanced ROS generation, depletion of antioxidant defences, mitochondrial dysfunction, and induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway, as supported by morphological staining and apoptotic gene modulation. Moreover, the nanocomposite exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities, particularly against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Candida</i> species. These results highlight the <i>P. harmala</i>–mediated PVA/ZnO@β-CD nanocomposite as a promising, green-engineered nanotherapeutic candidate with potent anticancer and antimicrobial potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04593-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal duck-feather keratin as a reagent-free bioreductant and capping matrix for bioactive silver nanoparticles","authors":"Mustapha Salisu Muhammad,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Puteh,&nbsp;Mustafa Kamal,&nbsp;Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof,&nbsp;Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek,&nbsp;Roziana Kamaludin,&nbsp;Yusuf Olabode Raji,&nbsp;Siti Maryam Jasman,&nbsp;Ojo Samuel,&nbsp;C. M. Liew,&nbsp;A. P. Parvin,&nbsp;Nurul Huda,&nbsp;Tutuk Djoko Kusworo","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04591-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04591-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sustainable production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from renewable biowaste would reduce environmental burden and expand green nanotechnology applications. This study reports a hydrothermal extraction route that avoids external chemical reductants, thereby enabling duck-feather keratin to function intrinsically as both a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of stable, bioactive AgNPs. Extraction was verified using the Lowry assay and SDS–PAGE, confirming preservation of protein content needed for metal coordination. One-factor-at-a-time optimization identified pH 11, 70 °C, 30 mL extract per 1 mM Ag⁺ reaction, and a 24 h duration as optimal conditions, producing uniform spherical nanoparticles having an average (11 nm) with excellent dispersion and long-term optical stability. Characterization by UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM–EDX confirmed Ag⁺ reduction, keratin capping, and crystalline face-centered cubic Ag formation. TGA–DTA showed improved thermal stability, while BET surface area increased from 1.55 to 6.32 m²·g⁻¹ after nanoparticle incorporation, indicating enhanced mesoporosity. The synthesized duck-feather keratin silver nanoparticles (DFKSN) demonstrated strong antioxidant activity and potent antibacterial performance, with DDT, MIC, and MBC assays confirming both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The nanoparticles also promoted cytocompatibility in human skin fibroblasts cell (HSF1184) at a dose of 3.0 mg.mL⁻¹. These findings highlight hydrothermally processed keratin as a scalable, waste-valorizing route for sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterial production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04591-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-glutamine-functionalized magnetic polystyrene for highly efficient synthesis of 2-amino-4H-pyrans","authors":"Fatemeh Zahra Hajian,&nbsp;Sakineh Asghari,&nbsp;Ghasem Firouzzadeh Pasha,&nbsp;Taraneh Abbaspour,&nbsp;Mahmood Tajbakhsh,&nbsp;Fatemeh Zare","doi":"10.1186/s11671-026-04601-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-026-04601-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we reported the synthesis and characterization of a novel magnetic polystyrene nanocatalyst functionalized with L-glutamine (L-Glu-MPS) and evaluation of its catalytic performance in a multicomponent organic reaction for the preparation of 2-amino-4<i> H</i>-pyrans. The catalyst was prepared through magnetization of chloromethylated polystyrene (PS-Cl) using FeCl₂·4H₂O and FeCl₃·6H₂O, followed by covalent attachment of L-glutamine. The characteristics of the samples were meticulously analyzed by applying TGA, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, EDS-mapping, SEM, EDS, and elemental analysis, confirming effective surface modification and satisfactory stability. The catalytic performance of L-Glu-MPS was examined in the three-component condensation reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and ethyl acetoacetate, aimed at synthesizing 2-amino-4<i> H</i>-pyran derivatives. The results demonstrated high efficiency of the nanocatalyst, providing excellent yields (88–98%) under mild, room-temperature conditions with short reaction times (25 min). Moreover, the catalyst demonstrated remarkable reusability, with at least 6 consecutive runs without significant loss in activity or structural integrity. These findings highlight L-Glu-MPS as a green, efficient, and reusable catalytic system for the sustainable synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-04601-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}