Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第4页

Main Sequence of Human Luminance-evoked Pupil Dynamics. 人类亮度诱发瞳孔动力学的主序列。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02296

Jonathan D Coutinho, Jeff Huang, Philippe Lefèvre, Gunnar Blohm, Douglas P Munoz

{"title":"Main Sequence of Human Luminance-evoked Pupil Dynamics.","authors":"Jonathan D Coutinho, Jeff Huang, Philippe Lefèvre, Gunnar Blohm, Douglas P Munoz","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02296","url":null,"abstract":"Pupil responses are commonly used to provide insight into visual perception, autonomic control, cognition, and various brain disorders. However, making inferences from pupil data can be complicated by nonlinearities in pupil dynamics and variability within and across individuals, which challenge the assumptions of linearity or group-level homogeneity required for common analysis methods. In this study, we evaluated luminance evoked pupil dynamics in young healthy adults (n = 10, M:F = 5:5, ages 19-25 years) by identifying nonlinearities, variability, and conserved relationships across individuals to improve the ability to make inferences from pupil data. We found a nonlinear relationship between final pupil diameter and luminance, linearized by considering the logarithm of luminance. Peak diameter change and peak velocity were nonlinear functions of log-luminance for constriction but not dilation responses. Across participants, curve fit parameters characterizing pupil responses as a function of luminance were highly variable, yet there was an across-participant linear correlation between overall pupil size and pupil gain (i.e., diameter change per unit log-luminance change). In terms of within-participant trial-by-trial variability, participants showed greater variability in final pupil size compared with constriction peak diameter change as a function of log-luminance. Despite the variability in stimulus-response metrics within and across participants, we found that all participants showed a highly stereotyped \"main sequence\" relationship between peak diameter change and peak velocity (independent of luminance). The main sequence relationship can be used to inform models of the neural control of pupil dynamics and as an empirical analysis tool to evaluate variability and abnormalities in pupil behavior.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Unfolding of Spelling-to-sound Mappings in Visual (Non)word Recognition. 视觉（非）词识别中拼写到声音映射的时间展开。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02293

Luís Faísca, Alexandra Reis, Susana Araújo

{"title":"Temporal Unfolding of Spelling-to-sound Mappings in Visual (Non)word Recognition.","authors":"Luís Faísca, Alexandra Reis, Susana Araújo","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02293","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral research has shown that inconsistency in spelling-to-sound mappings slows visual word recognition and word naming. However, the time course of this effect remains underexplored. To address this, we asked skilled adult readers to perform a 1-back repetition detection task that did not explicitly involve phonological coding, in which we manipulated lexicality (high-frequency words vs. pseudowords) and sublexical spelling-to-sound consistency (treated as a dichotomous-consistent vs. inconsistent-and continuous dimension), while recording their brain electrical activity. The ERP results showed that the adult brain distinguishes between real and nonexistent words within 119-172 msec after stimulus onset (early N170), likely reflecting initial, rapid access to a primitive visuo-orthographic representation. The consistency of spelling-to-sound mappings exerted an effect shortly after the lexicality effect (172-270 msec; late N170), which percolated to the 353- to 475-msec range but only for real words. This suggests that, in expert readers, orthographic and phonological codes become available automatically and nearly simultaneously within the first 200 msec of the recognition process. We conclude that the early coupling of orthographic and phonological information plays a core role in visual word recognition by mature readers. Our findings support \"quasiparallel\" processing rather than strict cognitive seriality in early visual word recognition.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working Memory Guides Action Valuation in Model-based Decision-making Strategy 工作记忆指导基于模型的决策策略中的行动估价。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02237

Zhaoyu Zuo;Li-Zhuang Yang;Hongzhi Wang;Hai Li

{"title":"Working Memory Guides Action Valuation in Model-based Decision-making Strategy","authors":"Zhaoyu Zuo;Li-Zhuang Yang;Hongzhi Wang;Hai Li","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02237","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02237","url":null,"abstract":"Humans use both model-free (or habitual) and model-based (or goal-directed) strategies in sequential decision-making. Working memory (WM) is essential for the model-based strategy; however, its exact role in these processes remains elusive. This study investigates the influence of WM processes on decision-making and the underlying cognitive computing mechanisms. Specifically, we used experimental data from two-stage decision tasks and found that delay and load, two WM-specific variables, impact goal-revisiting behaviors. Then, we proposed possible computational mechanisms by which WM participates in information processing and integrated them into the model-based system. The proposed Hybrid-WM model reproduced the observed experimental effects and fit human behavior better than the classic hybrid reinforcement learning model. These results were verified with independent data sets. Furthermore, differences in model parameters explain the age-related difference in sequential decision-making. Overall, this study suggests that WM guides action valuation in model-based strategies, highlighting the contribution of higher cognitive functions to sequential decision-making.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lesion Mapping of the Spelling System's Central Cognitive Functions 拼写系统中央认知功能的病变图谱。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02250

Jeremy Purcell;Robert Wiley;Jennifer Shea;Samuel Rosenberg;Randi Martin;Brenda Rapp

{"title":"Lesion Mapping of the Spelling System's Central Cognitive Functions","authors":"Jeremy Purcell;Robert Wiley;Jennifer Shea;Samuel Rosenberg;Randi Martin;Brenda Rapp","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02250","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02250","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the central cognitive functions of spelling: orthographic long-term memory, phoneme-to-grapheme conversion, and orthographic working memory. To do so, we present a methodological innovation to support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping, which uses a deficit spectrum index to identify brain areas associated with one of each pair of spelling deficits. Using this approach, we find evidence of distinct neural substrates that are selectively associated with each of the three central spelling components, supporting a componential functional architecture of spelling. The specific findings provide neural evidence relevant to various debates regarding the nature of these key cognitive processes and their relationships, namely, questions concerning the degree to which phoneme-to-grapheme conversion is distinct from general phonological processing, the existence of distinct lexical and sublexical routes for translating sound to print, and whether or not working memory is distinct from long-term memory or embedded within it. A better understanding of these issues has clinical implications in terms of our understanding of dysgraphic deficits and approaches to intervention.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"185-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Locus Coeruleus Activation on n-Back Performance and Frontoparietal Activity 脊髓小脑激活对 n-背表现和前顶叶活动的影响

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02252

David Negelspach;Anna Alkozei;Alisa Huskey;William D. S. Killgore

{"title":"Effects of Locus Coeruleus Activation on n-Back Performance and Frontoparietal Activity","authors":"David Negelspach;Anna Alkozei;Alisa Huskey;William D. S. Killgore","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02252","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02252","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have linked working memory capacity to restricted hemodynamic responses within critical nodes of the frontoparietal network. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role of the locus coeruleus (LC) in modulating activation of key regions essential for working memory function. This study investigated this hypothesis by examining changes in BOLD signal within the LC and cortex during a parametrically designed verbal working memory task (n-back). fMRI revealed load-dependent task activation, with maximum activation of presumed LC neurons positively correlating with working memory capacity. Furthermore, increased hemodynamic responses in the superior parietal lobes and dorsolateral pFC corresponded with the magnitude of LC activation near working memory capacity limits. An exploratory functional connectivity analysis suggests improvements in working memory performance rely on negative functional connectivity between the LC and cortical regions not primarily involved in task completion. On the basis of previous evidence, this association may represent inhibitory input from cortical regions, enabling phasic bursts of activity from LC neurons, thereby facilitating enhanced cortical activation. This result may also indicate noradrenergic suppression of cortical regions that are not crucial for task completion, leading to enhanced network efficiency. These findings suggest a mechanism by which the LC may improve verbal working memory performance by facilitating enhanced activation in regions critical for visual working memory capacity and active maintenance, potentially enhancing network efficiency.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory 事件分割促进情感记忆重组

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02244

Patrick A. F. Laing;Joseph E. Dunsmoor

{"title":"Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory","authors":"Patrick A. F. Laing;Joseph E. Dunsmoor","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02244","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02244","url":null,"abstract":"Event boundaries help structure the content of episodic memories by segmenting continuous experiences into discrete events. Event boundaries may also serve to preserve meaningful information within an event, thereby actively separating important memories from interfering representations imposed by past and future events. Here, we tested the hypothesis that event boundaries organize emotional memory based on changing dynamics as events unfold. We developed a novel threat-reversal learning task whereby participants encoded trial-unique exemplars from two semantic categories across three phases: preconditioning, fear acquisition, and reversal. Shock contingencies were established for one category during acquisition (CS+) and then switched to the other during reversal (CS−). Importantly, reversal was either separated by a perceptible event boundary (Experiment 1) or occurred immediately after acquisition, with no perceptible context shift (Experiment 2). In a surprise recognition memory test the next day, memory performance tracked the learning contingencies from encoding in Experiment 1, such that participants selectively recognized more threat-associated CS+ exemplars from before (retroactive) and during acquisition, but this pattern reversed toward CS− exemplars encoded during reversal. By contrast, participants with continuous encoding—without a boundary between conditioning and reversal—exhibited undifferentiated memory for exemplars from both categories encoded before acquisition and after reversal. Further analyses highlight nuanced effects of event boundaries on reversing conditioned fear, updating mnemonic generalization, and emotional biasing of temporal source memory. These findings suggest that event boundaries provide anchor points to organize memory for distinctly meaningful information, thereby adaptively structuring memory based on the content of our experiences.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"110-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electroencephalography Searchlight Decoding Reveals Person- and Place-specific Responses for Semantic Category and Familiarity 脑电图探照灯解码揭示了特定人和特定地点对语义类别和熟悉程度的反应。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02125

Andrea Bruera;Massimo Poesio

{"title":"Electroencephalography Searchlight Decoding Reveals Person- and Place-specific Responses for Semantic Category and Familiarity","authors":"Andrea Bruera;Massimo Poesio","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02125","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02125","url":null,"abstract":"Proper names are linguistic expressions referring to unique entities, such as individual people or places. This sets them apart from other words like common nouns, which refer to generic concepts. And yet, despite both being individual entities, one's closest friend and one's favorite city are intuitively associated with very different pieces of knowledge—face, voice, social relationship, autobiographical experiences for the former, and mostly visual and spatial information for the latter. Neuroimaging research has revealed the existence of both domain-general and domain-specific brain correlates of semantic processing of individual entities; however, it remains unclear how such commonalities and similarities operate over a fine-grained temporal scale. In this work, we tackle this question using EEG and multivariate (time-resolved and searchlight) decoding analyses. We look at when and where we can accurately decode the semantic category of a proper name and whether we can find person- or place-specific effects of familiarity, which is a modality-independent dimension and therefore avoids sensorimotor differences inherent among the two categories. Semantic category can be decoded in a time window and with spatial localization typically associated with lexical semantic processing. Regarding familiarity, our results reveal that it is easier to distinguish patterns of familiarity-related evoked activity for people, as opposed to places, in both early and late time windows. Second, we discover that within the early responses, both domain-general (left posterior-lateral) and domain-specific (right fronto-temporal, only for people) neural patterns can be individuated, suggesting the existence of person-specific processes.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"135-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological Correlates of Visual Memory Search 视觉记忆搜索的电生理相关性

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02256

Lauren H. Williams;Iris Wiegand;Mark Lavelle;Jeremy M. Wolfe;Keisuke Fukuda;Marius V. Peelen;Trafton Drew

引用次数: 0

Changes in Brain Functional Connectivity Underlying the Space–Number Association 大脑功能连接性的变化是空间与数字关联的基础

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02240

Stefano Lasaponara;Mario Pinto;Silvana Lozito;Gabriele Scozia;Michele Pellegrino;Sara Lo Presti;Steve Gazzitano;Federico Giove;Fabrizio Doricchi

{"title":"Changes in Brain Functional Connectivity Underlying the Space–Number Association","authors":"Stefano Lasaponara;Mario Pinto;Silvana Lozito;Gabriele Scozia;Michele Pellegrino;Sara Lo Presti;Steve Gazzitano;Federico Giove;Fabrizio Doricchi","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02240","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02240","url":null,"abstract":"Whether small number magnitudes are inherently represented as lying to the left of larger ones, the space–number association (SNA), is an important issue in mathematical cognition. In this fMRI study, we used a go/no-go implicit association task to investigate the brain activity and functional connectivity underlying the SNA. Arabic digits lower or higher than 5 and left- or right-pointing arrows were alternated as central targets. In a single-code task condition, participants responded to a specific number magnitude and to all arrows or to a specific arrow direction and to all number magnitudes. In a joint-code (JC) condition, responses were provided after congruent, for example, “go when a number is lower than 5 or an arrow points left,” or incongruent, for example, “go when a number is lower than 5 or an arrow points right,” SNAs. The SNA was only found in the JC condition, where responses were faster with congruent instructions. Analyses of fMRI functional connectivity showed that the SNA was matched with enhanced excitatory inputs from ACC, the left TPJ, and the left inferior frontal gyrus to the left and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Incongruent JC trials were associated with enhanced excitatory modulation from ACC to the left and right IPS. These results show that the SNA is associated with enhanced activation of top–down brain control and changes in the functional interaction between the left and right IPS. We conclude that the SNA does not depend on an inherent and bottom–up spatial coding of number magnitudes.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"210-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chunk Duration Limits the Learning of Multiword Chunks: Behavioral and Electroencephalography Evidence from Statistical Learning 词块持续时间限制了多词块的学习：来自统计学习的行为和脑电图证据

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02257

Lena Henke;Lars Meyer

{"title":"Chunk Duration Limits the Learning of Multiword Chunks: Behavioral and Electroencephalography Evidence from Statistical Learning","authors":"Lena Henke;Lars Meyer","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02257","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02257","url":null,"abstract":"Language comprehension involves the grouping of words into larger multiword chunks. This is required to recode information into sparser representations to mitigate memory limitations and counteract forgetting. It has been suggested that electrophysiological processing time windows constrain the formation of these units. Specifically, the period of rhythmic neural activity (i.e., low-frequency neural oscillations) may set an upper limit of 2–3 sec. Here, we assess whether learning of new multiword chunks is also affected by this neural limit. We applied an auditory statistical learning paradigm of an artificial language while manipulating the duration of to-be-learned chunks. Participants listened to isochronous sequences of disyllabic pseudowords from which they could learn hidden three-word chunks based on transitional probabilities. We presented chunks of 1.95, 2.55, and 3.15 sec that were created by varying the pause interval between pseudowords. In a first behavioral experiment, we tested learning using an implicit target detection task. We found better learning for chunks of 2.55 sec as compared to longer durations in line with an upper limit of the proposed time constraint. In a second experiment, we recorded participants' electroencephalogram during the exposure phase to use frequency tagging as a neural index of statistical learning. Extending the behavioral findings, results show a significant decline in neural tracking for chunks exceeding 3 sec as compared to both shorter durations. Overall, we suggest that language learning is constrained by endogenous time constraints, possibly reflecting electrophysiological processing windows.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"167-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10824733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0