Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第3页

Differentiation of Related Events in Hippocampus Supports Memory Reinstatement in Development. 海马相关事件的分化支持发育过程中的记忆恢复。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02299

Nicole L Varga, Hannah E Roome, Robert J Molitor, Lucia Martinez, Elizabeth M Hipskind, Michael L Mack, Alison R Preston, Margaret L Schlichting

{"title":"Differentiation of Related Events in Hippocampus Supports Memory Reinstatement in Development.","authors":"Nicole L Varga, Hannah E Roome, Robert J Molitor, Lucia Martinez, Elizabeth M Hipskind, Michael L Mack, Alison R Preston, Margaret L Schlichting","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02299","url":null,"abstract":"Adults are capable of either differentiating or integrating similar events in memory based on which representations are optimal for a given situation. Yet how children represent related memories remains unknown. Here, children (7-10 years old) and adults formed memories for separate yet overlapping events. We then measured how successfully remembered events were represented and reinstated using fMRI. We found that children formed differentiated representations in the hippocampus-such that related events were stored as less similar to one another compared with unrelated events. Conversely, adults formed integrated representations, wherein related events were stored as more similar, including in medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, hippocampal differentiation among children and medial prefrontal cortex integration among adults tracked neocortical reinstatement of the specific features associated with the individual events. Together, these findings reveal that the same memory behaviors are supported by different underlying representations across development. Specifically, whereas differentiation underlies memory organization and retrieval in childhood, integration exhibits a protracted developmental trajectory.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond Routine Maintenance: Current Trends in Working Memory Research. 超越日常维护：工作记忆研究的当前趋势。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02298

Kirsten C S Adam, Laura-Isabelle Klatt, Jacob A Miller, Marlene Rösner, Keisuke Fukuda, Anastasia Kiyonaga

引用次数: 0

Saccades and Blinks Index Cognitive Demand During Auditory Noncanonical Sentence Comprehension. 扫视和眨眼反映了听觉非规范句子理解过程中的认知需求。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02295

Arianna N LaCroix, Ileana Ratiu

{"title":"Saccades and Blinks Index Cognitive Demand During Auditory Noncanonical Sentence Comprehension.","authors":"Arianna N LaCroix, Ileana Ratiu","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02295","url":null,"abstract":"Noncanonical sentence structures pose comprehension challenges because they require increased cognitive demand. Prosody may partially alleviate this cognitive load. These findings largely stem from behavioral studies, yet physiological measures may reveal additional insights into how cognition is deployed to parse sentences. Pupillometry has been at the forefront of investigations into physiological measures of cognitive demand during auditory sentence comprehension. This study offers an alternative approach by examining whether eye-tracking measures, including blinks and saccades, index cognitive demand during auditory noncanonical sentence comprehension and whether these metrics are sensitive to reductions in cognitive load associated with typical prosodic cues. We further investigated how eye-tracking patterns differ across correct and incorrect responses, as a function of time, and how each related to behavioral measures of cognition. Canonical and noncanonical sentence comprehension was measured in 30 younger adults using an auditory sentence-picture matching task. We also assessed participants' attention and working memory. Blinking and saccades both differentiate noncanonical sentences from canonical sentences. Saccades further distinguish noncanonical structures from each other. Participants made more saccades on incorrect than correct trials. The number of saccades also related to working memory, regardless of syntax. However, neither eye-tracking metric was sensitive to the changes in cognitive demand that was behaviorally observed in response to typical prosodic cues. Overall, these findings suggest that eye-tracking indices, particularly saccades, reflect cognitive demand during auditory noncanonical sentence comprehension when visual information is present, offering greater insights into the strategies and neural resources participants use to parse auditory sentences.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deconstructing Temporal Stages of Prosocial and Antisocial Risky Decision-making in Adolescence. 解构青少年亲社会和反社会风险决策的时间阶段。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02294

Morteza Erfani Haromi, Soroosh Golbabaei, Khatereh Borhani

{"title":"Deconstructing Temporal Stages of Prosocial and Antisocial Risky Decision-making in Adolescence.","authors":"Morteza Erfani Haromi, Soroosh Golbabaei, Khatereh Borhani","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02294","url":null,"abstract":"Risk-taking is a prominent aspect of adolescent behavior. A recent neurodevelopmental model suggests that this trait could influence prosocial and antisocial decision-making, proposing a new category known as prosocial and antisocial risk-taking. The primary objective of this study was to examine the electrophysiological underpinnings of prosocial and antisocial risk-taking in adolescence, a developmental period characterized by elevated risky, prosocial, and antisocial decisions. To this end, 32 adolescents aged 13-19 years completed a modified dictator game to choose between three options, representing prosocial and antisocial risk-taking constructs and a risk-free fair one. At the behavioral level, adolescents favored antisocial risky decisions over prosocial risky ones. ERP results at the electrophysiological level in the response selection stage demonstrated that decision preceding negativity was more negative-going before making prosocial risky decisions than other decisions. During the feedback evaluation stage, feedback-related negativity was the least negative after selecting the antisocial risky option and receiving successful feedback. However, choosing the fair option and receiving neutral feedback resulted in the most negative feedback-related negativity. Moreover, P300 showed the most positive mean amplitude following the selection of the antisocial risky option and facing successful feedback, with the lowest positive amplitude observed after choosing the fair option and encountering neutral feedback. These results underscore the distinct electrophysiological underpinnings associated with prosocial and antisocial decisions involving risks.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Main Sequence of Human Luminance-evoked Pupil Dynamics. 人类亮度诱发瞳孔动力学的主序列。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02296

Jonathan D Coutinho, Jeff Huang, Philippe Lefèvre, Gunnar Blohm, Douglas P Munoz

{"title":"Main Sequence of Human Luminance-evoked Pupil Dynamics.","authors":"Jonathan D Coutinho, Jeff Huang, Philippe Lefèvre, Gunnar Blohm, Douglas P Munoz","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02296","url":null,"abstract":"Pupil responses are commonly used to provide insight into visual perception, autonomic control, cognition, and various brain disorders. However, making inferences from pupil data can be complicated by nonlinearities in pupil dynamics and variability within and across individuals, which challenge the assumptions of linearity or group-level homogeneity required for common analysis methods. In this study, we evaluated luminance evoked pupil dynamics in young healthy adults (n = 10, M:F = 5:5, ages 19-25 years) by identifying nonlinearities, variability, and conserved relationships across individuals to improve the ability to make inferences from pupil data. We found a nonlinear relationship between final pupil diameter and luminance, linearized by considering the logarithm of luminance. Peak diameter change and peak velocity were nonlinear functions of log-luminance for constriction but not dilation responses. Across participants, curve fit parameters characterizing pupil responses as a function of luminance were highly variable, yet there was an across-participant linear correlation between overall pupil size and pupil gain (i.e., diameter change per unit log-luminance change). In terms of within-participant trial-by-trial variability, participants showed greater variability in final pupil size compared with constriction peak diameter change as a function of log-luminance. Despite the variability in stimulus-response metrics within and across participants, we found that all participants showed a highly stereotyped \"main sequence\" relationship between peak diameter change and peak velocity (independent of luminance). The main sequence relationship can be used to inform models of the neural control of pupil dynamics and as an empirical analysis tool to evaluate variability and abnormalities in pupil behavior.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Unfolding of Spelling-to-sound Mappings in Visual (Non)word Recognition. 视觉（非）词识别中拼写到声音映射的时间展开。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02293

Luís Faísca, Alexandra Reis, Susana Araújo

{"title":"Temporal Unfolding of Spelling-to-sound Mappings in Visual (Non)word Recognition.","authors":"Luís Faísca, Alexandra Reis, Susana Araújo","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02293","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral research has shown that inconsistency in spelling-to-sound mappings slows visual word recognition and word naming. However, the time course of this effect remains underexplored. To address this, we asked skilled adult readers to perform a 1-back repetition detection task that did not explicitly involve phonological coding, in which we manipulated lexicality (high-frequency words vs. pseudowords) and sublexical spelling-to-sound consistency (treated as a dichotomous-consistent vs. inconsistent-and continuous dimension), while recording their brain electrical activity. The ERP results showed that the adult brain distinguishes between real and nonexistent words within 119-172 msec after stimulus onset (early N170), likely reflecting initial, rapid access to a primitive visuo-orthographic representation. The consistency of spelling-to-sound mappings exerted an effect shortly after the lexicality effect (172-270 msec; late N170), which percolated to the 353- to 475-msec range but only for real words. This suggests that, in expert readers, orthographic and phonological codes become available automatically and nearly simultaneously within the first 200 msec of the recognition process. We conclude that the early coupling of orthographic and phonological information plays a core role in visual word recognition by mature readers. Our findings support \"quasiparallel\" processing rather than strict cognitive seriality in early visual word recognition.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working Memory Guides Action Valuation in Model-based Decision-making Strategy 工作记忆指导基于模型的决策策略中的行动估价。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02237

Zhaoyu Zuo;Li-Zhuang Yang;Hongzhi Wang;Hai Li

{"title":"Working Memory Guides Action Valuation in Model-based Decision-making Strategy","authors":"Zhaoyu Zuo;Li-Zhuang Yang;Hongzhi Wang;Hai Li","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02237","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02237","url":null,"abstract":"Humans use both model-free (or habitual) and model-based (or goal-directed) strategies in sequential decision-making. Working memory (WM) is essential for the model-based strategy; however, its exact role in these processes remains elusive. This study investigates the influence of WM processes on decision-making and the underlying cognitive computing mechanisms. Specifically, we used experimental data from two-stage decision tasks and found that delay and load, two WM-specific variables, impact goal-revisiting behaviors. Then, we proposed possible computational mechanisms by which WM participates in information processing and integrated them into the model-based system. The proposed Hybrid-WM model reproduced the observed experimental effects and fit human behavior better than the classic hybrid reinforcement learning model. These results were verified with independent data sets. Furthermore, differences in model parameters explain the age-related difference in sequential decision-making. Overall, this study suggests that WM guides action valuation in model-based strategies, highlighting the contribution of higher cognitive functions to sequential decision-making.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lesion Mapping of the Spelling System's Central Cognitive Functions 拼写系统中央认知功能的病变图谱。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02250

Jeremy Purcell;Robert Wiley;Jennifer Shea;Samuel Rosenberg;Randi Martin;Brenda Rapp

{"title":"Lesion Mapping of the Spelling System's Central Cognitive Functions","authors":"Jeremy Purcell;Robert Wiley;Jennifer Shea;Samuel Rosenberg;Randi Martin;Brenda Rapp","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02250","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02250","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the central cognitive functions of spelling: orthographic long-term memory, phoneme-to-grapheme conversion, and orthographic working memory. To do so, we present a methodological innovation to support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping, which uses a deficit spectrum index to identify brain areas associated with one of each pair of spelling deficits. Using this approach, we find evidence of distinct neural substrates that are selectively associated with each of the three central spelling components, supporting a componential functional architecture of spelling. The specific findings provide neural evidence relevant to various debates regarding the nature of these key cognitive processes and their relationships, namely, questions concerning the degree to which phoneme-to-grapheme conversion is distinct from general phonological processing, the existence of distinct lexical and sublexical routes for translating sound to print, and whether or not working memory is distinct from long-term memory or embedded within it. A better understanding of these issues has clinical implications in terms of our understanding of dysgraphic deficits and approaches to intervention.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"185-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Locus Coeruleus Activation on n-Back Performance and Frontoparietal Activity 脊髓小脑激活对 n-背表现和前顶叶活动的影响

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02252

David Negelspach;Anna Alkozei;Alisa Huskey;William D. S. Killgore

{"title":"Effects of Locus Coeruleus Activation on n-Back Performance and Frontoparietal Activity","authors":"David Negelspach;Anna Alkozei;Alisa Huskey;William D. S. Killgore","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02252","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02252","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have linked working memory capacity to restricted hemodynamic responses within critical nodes of the frontoparietal network. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role of the locus coeruleus (LC) in modulating activation of key regions essential for working memory function. This study investigated this hypothesis by examining changes in BOLD signal within the LC and cortex during a parametrically designed verbal working memory task (n-back). fMRI revealed load-dependent task activation, with maximum activation of presumed LC neurons positively correlating with working memory capacity. Furthermore, increased hemodynamic responses in the superior parietal lobes and dorsolateral pFC corresponded with the magnitude of LC activation near working memory capacity limits. An exploratory functional connectivity analysis suggests improvements in working memory performance rely on negative functional connectivity between the LC and cortical regions not primarily involved in task completion. On the basis of previous evidence, this association may represent inhibitory input from cortical regions, enabling phasic bursts of activity from LC neurons, thereby facilitating enhanced cortical activation. This result may also indicate noradrenergic suppression of cortical regions that are not crucial for task completion, leading to enhanced network efficiency. These findings suggest a mechanism by which the LC may improve verbal working memory performance by facilitating enhanced activation in regions critical for visual working memory capacity and active maintenance, potentially enhancing network efficiency.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory 事件分割促进情感记忆重组

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02244

Patrick A. F. Laing;Joseph E. Dunsmoor

{"title":"Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory","authors":"Patrick A. F. Laing;Joseph E. Dunsmoor","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02244","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02244","url":null,"abstract":"Event boundaries help structure the content of episodic memories by segmenting continuous experiences into discrete events. Event boundaries may also serve to preserve meaningful information within an event, thereby actively separating important memories from interfering representations imposed by past and future events. Here, we tested the hypothesis that event boundaries organize emotional memory based on changing dynamics as events unfold. We developed a novel threat-reversal learning task whereby participants encoded trial-unique exemplars from two semantic categories across three phases: preconditioning, fear acquisition, and reversal. Shock contingencies were established for one category during acquisition (CS+) and then switched to the other during reversal (CS−). Importantly, reversal was either separated by a perceptible event boundary (Experiment 1) or occurred immediately after acquisition, with no perceptible context shift (Experiment 2). In a surprise recognition memory test the next day, memory performance tracked the learning contingencies from encoding in Experiment 1, such that participants selectively recognized more threat-associated CS+ exemplars from before (retroactive) and during acquisition, but this pattern reversed toward CS− exemplars encoded during reversal. By contrast, participants with continuous encoding—without a boundary between conditioning and reversal—exhibited undifferentiated memory for exemplars from both categories encoded before acquisition and after reversal. Further analyses highlight nuanced effects of event boundaries on reversing conditioned fear, updating mnemonic generalization, and emotional biasing of temporal source memory. These findings suggest that event boundaries provide anchor points to organize memory for distinctly meaningful information, thereby adaptively structuring memory based on the content of our experiences.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":"110-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0