Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The Neural Specificity of Interference Resolution in Phonological, Semantic, and Visual Domains at Different Ages","authors":"Coline Grégoire;Lucie Attout;Christophe Phillips;Lucas Rifon;Louis Hody;Steve Majerus","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02260","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02260","url":null,"abstract":"The question of whether cognitive control is specific to certain domains or domain-general remains an extensively debated question at both cognitive and neural levels. This study examined the neural substrates associated with resistance to interference (RI) in phonological, semantic, and visual domains by using strictly matched tasks and determining the domain-general or domain-specific manner in which aging affects the neural substrates associated with RI. In an fMRI experiment, young and older participants performed a similarity judgment task with phonological, semantic, or visual interference buildup. For both age groups, domain-specific RI effects were observed at the univariate level, with increased involvement in the phonological domain of the right angular gyrus and the right lingual gyrus, in the semantic domain of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the bilateral superior parietal and angular gyri and the left middle temporal gyrus, and in the visual domain of the middle/superior frontal gyri and occipital gyri. At the multivariate level, although RI effects could be decoded from neural patterns in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus for all domains and age groups, between-domain prediction of RI conditions was associated with Bayesian evidence for the null hypothesis. This study supports the domain specificity of neural substrates associated with RI while stressing its age independency.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"345-371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Patterns of Cognitive Control Behavior and Electrophysiological Markers in Adolescence","authors":"Thea Wiker;Dag Alnæs;Mads L. Pedersen;Linn B. Norbom;Olga D. Boer;Rikka Kjelkenes;Irene Voldsbekk;Valerie Karl;Shervin H. Bukhari;Torgeir Moberget;Lars T. Westlye;René J. Huster;Christian K. Tamnes","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02272","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02272","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral parameters obtained from cognitive control tasks have been linked to electrophysiological markers. Yet, most previous research has investigated only a few specific behavioral parameters at a time. An integrated approach with simultaneous consideration of multiple aspects of behavior may better elucidate the development and function of cognitive control. Here, we aimed to identify shared patterns between cognitive control behavior and electrophysiological markers using stop-signal task data and EEG recordings from an adolescent sample (n = 193, aged 11–25 years). We extracted behavioral variables covering various aspects of RT, accuracy, inhibition, and decision-making processes, as well as amplitude and latency of the ERPs N1, N2, and P3. To identify shared patterns between the two sets of variables, we employed a principal component analysis and a canonical correlation analysis. First, we replicated previously reported associations between various cognitive control behavioral parameters. Next, results from the canonical correlation analysis showed that overall good task performance was associated with fast and strong neural processing. Furthermore, the canonical correlation was affected by age, indicating that the association varies depending on age. The present study suggests that although distributional and computational methods can be applied to extract specific behavioral parameters, they might not capture specific patterns of cognitive control or electrophysiological brain activity in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"372-413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic Context Effects in Picture and Sound Naming: Evidence from Event-related Potentials and Pupillometric Data","authors":"Magdalena Gruner;Andreas Widmann;Stefan Wöhner;Erich Schröger;Jörg D. Jescheniak","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02255","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02255","url":null,"abstract":"When a picture is repeatedly named in the context of semantically related pictures (homogeneous context), responses are slower than when the picture is repeatedly named in the context of unrelated pictures (heterogeneous context). This semantic interference effect in blocked-cyclic naming plays an important role in devising theories of word production. Wöhner, Mädebach, and Jescheniak [Wöhner, S., Mädebach, A., & Jescheniak, J. D. Naming pictures and sounds: Stimulus type affects semantic context effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47, 716–730, 2021] have shown that the effect is substantially larger when participants name environmental sounds than when they name pictures. We investigated possible reasons for this difference, using EEG and pupillometry. The behavioral data replicated Wöhner and colleagues. ERPs were more positive in the homogeneous compared with the heterogeneous context over central electrode locations between 140–180 msec and 250–350 msec for picture naming and between 250 and 350 msec for sound naming, presumably reflecting semantic interference during semantic and lexical processing. The later component was of similar size for pictures and sounds. ERPs were more negative in the homogeneous compared with the heterogeneous context over frontal electrode locations between 400 and 600 msec only for sounds. The pupillometric data showed a stronger pupil dilation in the homogeneous compared with the heterogeneous context only for sounds. The amplitudes of the late ERP negativity and pupil dilation predicted naming latencies for sounds in the homogeneous context. The latency of the effects indicates that the difference in semantic interference between picture and sound naming arises at later, presumably postlexical processing stages closer to articulation. We suggest that the processing of the auditory stimuli interferes with phonological response preparation and self-monitoring, leading to enhanced semantic interference.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"443-463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10851783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similarity Distractors Increase the Burden of Chinese Character Selection and Updating in Working Memory","authors":"Hongli Li;Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02271","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02271","url":null,"abstract":"Attentional mechanisms are the primary processes for performing working memory (WM) tasks and can prevent distractors from interfering with the content representations stored in WM. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which attention affects WM remains limited. As such, we analyzed ERPs of the character n-back task to investigate Chinese character selection, updating, and maintenance in WM. In Experiment 1, we collected electroencephalography data from 27 participants aged 18–25 years to explore the influence of false-character interference and symbol interference on a neural activity in the character n-back task. The results suggest that RT was longer in the false-character interference condition. The N2pc and P300 amplitudes were smaller; however, the slow wave amplitude did not differ significantly. In Experiment 2, we used a single-symbol interference and a multiple-symbol interference to establish whether the number of interferences affected the neural activity in the character n-back task. Thirty participants (aged 19–25 years) took part in the experiment. The findings imply that a longer RT and a larger N2pc amplitude occurred in the multiple-symbol interference condition, but not in the P300 and slow wave conditions. Our findings indicate that distractors that are similar to characters may produce greater interference in character recognition and affect the subsequent updating, whereas the number of distractors may only interfere with early character selection, but not with updating and maintenance phases.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"317-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optogenetic Manipulation of Covert Attention in the Nonhuman Primate","authors":"Leor N. Katz;Martin O. Bohlen;Gongchen Yu;Carlos Mejias-Aponte;Marc A. Sommer;Richard J. Krauzlis","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02274","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02274","url":null,"abstract":"Optogenetics affords new opportunities to interrogate neuronal circuits that control behavior. In primates, the usefulness of optogenetics in studying cognitive functions remains a challenge. The technique has been successfully wielded, but behavioral effects have been demonstrated primarily for sensorimotor processes. Here, we tested whether brief optogenetic suppression of primate superior colliculus can change performance in a covert attention task, in addition to previously reported optogenetic effects on saccadic eye movements. We used an attention task that required the monkey to detect and report a stimulus change at a cued location via joystick release, while ignoring changes at an uncued location. When the cued location was positioned in the response fields of transduced neurons in the superior colliculus, transient light delivery coincident with the stimulus change disrupted the monkey's detection performance, significantly lowering hit rates. When the cued location was elsewhere, hit rates were unaltered, indicating that the effect was spatially specific and not a motor deficit. Hit rates for trials with only one stimulus were also unaltered, indicating that the effect depended on selection among distractors rather than a low-level visual impairment. Psychophysical analysis revealed that optogenetic suppression increased perceptual threshold, but only for locations matching the transduced site. These data show that optogenetic manipulations can cause brief and spatially specific deficits in covert attention, independent of sensorimotor functions. This dissociation of effect, and the temporal precision provided by the technique, demonstrates the utility of optogenetics in interrogating neuronal circuits that mediate cognitive functions in the primate.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"266-285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Faster than Where in Vocal Emotional Perception","authors":"Sara Temudo;Ana P. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02251","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02251","url":null,"abstract":"Voices carry a vast amount of information about speakers (e.g., emotional state; spatial location). Neuroimaging studies postulate that spatial (“where”) and emotional (“what”) cues are processed by partially independent processing streams. Although behavioral evidence reveals interactions between emotion and space, the temporal dynamics of these processes in the brain and its modulation by attention remain unknown. We investigated whether and how spatial and emotional features interact during voice processing as a function of attention focus. Spatialized nonverbal vocalizations differing in valence (neutral, amusement, anger) were presented at different locations around the head, whereas listeners discriminated either the spatial location or emotional quality of the voice. Neural activity was measured with ERPs of the EEG. Affective ratings were collected at the end of the EEG session. Emotional vocalizations elicited decreased N1 but increased P2 and late positive potential amplitudes. Interactions of space and emotion occurred at the salience detection stage: neutral vocalizations presented at right (vs. left) locations elicited increased P2 amplitudes, but no such differences were observed for emotional vocalizations. When task instructions involved emotion categorization, the P2 was increased for vocalizations presented at front (vs. back) locations. Behaviorally, only valence and arousal ratings showed emotion–space interactions. These findings suggest that emotional representations are activated earlier than spatial representations in voice processing. The perceptual prioritization of emotional cues occurred irrespective of task instructions but was not paralleled by an augmented stimulus representation in space. These findings support the differential responding to emotional information by auditory processing pathways.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"239-265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Phrase Structure and Subject Island Violations","authors":"William Matchin;Diogo Almeida;Gregory Hickok;Jon Sprouse","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02266","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02266","url":null,"abstract":"In principle, functional neuroimaging provides uniquely informative data in addressing linguistic questions, because it can indicate distinct processes that are not apparent from behavioral data alone. This could involve adjudicating the source of unacceptability via the different patterns of elicited brain responses to different ungrammatical sentence types. However, it is difficult to interpret brain activations to syntactic violations. Such responses could reflect processes that have nothing intrinsically related to linguistic representations, such as domain-general executive function abilities. To facilitate the potential use of functional neuroimaging methods to identify the source of different syntactic violations, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to identify the brain activation maps associated with two distinct syntactic violation types: phrase structure (created by inverting the order of two adjacent words within a sentence) and subject islands (created by extracting a wh-phrase out of an embedded subject). The comparison of these violations to control sentences surprisingly showed no indication of a generalized violation response, with almost completely divergent activation patterns. Phrase structure violations seemingly activated regions previously implicated in verbal working memory and structural complexity in sentence processing, whereas the subject islands appeared to activate regions previously implicated in conceptual-semantic processing, broadly defined. We review our findings in the context of previous research on syntactic and semantic violations using ERPs. Although our results suggest potentially distinct underlying mechanisms underlying phrase structure and subject island violations, our results are tentative and suggest important methodological considerations for future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"414-442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological and Autonomic Dynamics of Threat Processing during Sustained Social Fear Generalization","authors":"Jourdan J. Pouliot;Richard T. Ward;Caitlin M. Traiser;Payton Chiasson;Faith E. Gilbert;Andreas Keil","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02276","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02276","url":null,"abstract":"Survival in dynamic environments requires that organisms learn to predict danger from situational cues. One key facet of threat prediction is generalization from a predictive cue to similar cues, ensuring that a cue-outcome contingency is applied beyond the original learning environment. Generalization has been observed in laboratory studies of aversive conditioning: Behavioral and physiological processes generalize responses from a stimulus paired with threat (the conditioned stimulus [CS+]) to unpaired stimuli, with response magnitudes varying with CS+ similarity. In contrast, work focusing on sensory responses in visual cortex has found a sharpening pattern, in which responses to stimuli closely resembling the CS+ are maximally suppressed, potentially reflecting lateral inhibitory interactions with the CS+ representation. Originally demonstrated with simple visual cues, changes in visuocortical tuning have also been observed in threat generalization learning across facial identities. It is unclear to what extent these visuocortical changes represent transient or sustained effects and if generalization learning requires prior conditioning to the CS+. The present study addressed these questions using EEG and pupillometry in an aversive generalization paradigm involving hundreds of trials using a gradient of facial identities. Visuocortical steady-state visual evoked potential sharpening occurred after dozens of trials of generalization learning without prior differential conditioning, but diminished as learning continued. By contrast, generalization of alpha power suppression, pupil dilation, and self-reported valence and arousal was seen throughout the experiment. Findings are consistent with threat processing models emphasizing the role of changing visucocortical and attentional dynamics when forming, curating, and shaping fear memories as observers continue learning about stimulus-outcome contingencies.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"482-497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Selective Attention and Musical Training on the Cortical Speech Tracking in the Delta and Theta Frequency Bands","authors":"Alina Schüller;Annika Mücke;Jasmin Riegel;Tobias Reichenbach","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02275","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02275","url":null,"abstract":"Oral communication regularly takes place amidst background noise, requiring the ability to selectively attend to a target speech stream. Musical training has been shown to be beneficial for this task. Regarding the underlying neural mechanisms, recent studies showed that the speech envelope is tracked by neural activity in auditory cortex, which plays a role in the neural processing of speech, including speech in noise. The neural tracking occurs predominantly in two frequency bands, the delta and the theta bands. However, much regarding the specifics of these neural responses, as well as their modulation through musical training, still remain unclear. Here, we investigated the delta- and theta-band cortical tracking of the speech envelope of target and distractor speech using magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. We thereby assessed both musicians and nonmusicians to explore potential differences between these groups. The cortical speech tracking was quantified through source-reconstructing the MEG data and subsequently relating the speech envelope in a certain frequency band to the MEG data using linear models. We thereby found the theta-band tracking to be dominated by early responses with comparable magnitudes for target and distractor speech, whereas the delta band tracking exhibited both earlier and later responses that were modulated by selective attention. Almost no significant differences emerged in the neural responses between musicians and nonmusicians. Our findings show that only the speech tracking in the delta but not in the theta band contributes to selective attention, but that this mechanism is essentially unaffected by musical training.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 2","pages":"464-481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Increasing Sample Sizes: Optimizing Effect Sizes in Neuroimaging Research on Individual Differences.","authors":"Colin G DeYoung, Kirsten Hilger, Jamie L Hanson, Rany Abend, Timothy A Allen, Roger E Beaty, Scott D Blain, Robert S Chavez, Stephen A Engel, Ma Feilong, Alex Fornito, Erhan Genç, Vina Goghari, Rachael G Grazioplene, Philipp Homan, Keanan Joyner, Antonia N Kaczkurkin, Robert D Latzman, Elizabeth A Martin, Aki Nikolaidis, Alan D Pickering, Adam Safron, Tyler A Sassenberg, Michelle N Servaas, Luke D Smillie, R Nathan Spreng, Essi Viding, Jan Wacker","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linking neurobiology to relatively stable individual differences in cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior can require large sample sizes to yield replicable results. Given the nature of between-person research, sample sizes at least in the hundreds are likely to be necessary in most neuroimaging studies of individual differences, regardless of whether they are investigating the whole brain or more focal hypotheses. However, the appropriate sample size depends on the expected effect size. Therefore, we propose four strategies to increase effect sizes in neuroimaging research, which may help to enable the detection of replicable between-person effects in samples in the hundreds rather than the thousands: (1) theoretical matching between neuroimaging tasks and behavioral constructs of interest; (2) increasing the reliability of both neural and psychological measurement; (3) individualization of measures for each participant; and (4) using multivariate approaches with cross-validation instead of univariate approaches. We discuss challenges associated with these methods and highlight strategies for improvements that will help the field to move toward a more robust and accessible neuroscience of individual differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}