Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

Representing Context and Priority in Working Memory 在工作记忆中表示上下文和优先级

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02166

Quan Wan;Adel Ardalan;Jacqueline M. Fulvio;Bradley R. Postle

{"title":"Representing Context and Priority in Working Memory","authors":"Quan Wan;Adel Ardalan;Jacqueline M. Fulvio;Bradley R. Postle","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02166","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02166","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to prioritize among contents in working memory (WM) is critical for successful control of thought and behavior. Recent work has demonstrated that prioritization in WM can be implemented by representing different states of priority in different representational formats. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying WM prioritization by simulating the double serial retrocuing task with recurrent neural networks. Visualization of stimulus representational dynamics using principal component analysis revealed that the network represented trial context (order of presentation) and priority via different mechanisms. Ordinal context, a stable property lasting the duration of the trial, was accomplished by segregating representations into orthogonal subspaces. Priority, which changed multiple times during a trial, was accomplished by separating representations into different strata within each subspace. We assessed the generality of these mechanisms by applying dimensionality reduction and multiclass decoding to fMRI and EEG data sets and found that priority and context are represented differently along the dorsal visual stream and that behavioral performance is sensitive to trial-by-trial variability of priority coding, but not context coding.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1374-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

P1, N170, and N250 Event-related Potential Components Reflect Temporal Perception Processing in Face and Body Personal Identification P1、N170 和 N250 事件相关电位成分反映了面部和身体个人识别中的时间感知处理。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02167

Hideaki Tanaka;Peilun Jiang

{"title":"P1, N170, and N250 Event-related Potential Components Reflect Temporal Perception Processing in Face and Body Personal Identification","authors":"Hideaki Tanaka;Peilun Jiang","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02167","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02167","url":null,"abstract":"Human faces and bodies represent various socially important signals. Although adults encounter numerous new people in daily life, they can recognize hundreds to thousands of different individuals. However, the neural mechanisms that differentiate one person from another person are unclear. This study aimed to clarify the temporal dynamics of the cognitive processes of face and body personal identification using face-sensitive ERP components (P1, N170, and N250). The present study performed three blocks (face–face, face–body, and body–body) of different ERP adaptation paradigms. Furthermore, in the above three blocks, ERP components were used to compare brain biomarkers under three conditions (same person, different person of the same sex, and different person of the opposite sex). The results showed that the P1 amplitude for the face–face block was significantly greater than that for the body–body block, that the N170 amplitude for a different person of the same sex condition was greater than that for the same person condition in the right hemisphere only, and that the N250 amplitude gradually increased as the degree of face and body sex–social categorization grew closer (i.e., same person condition > different person of the same sex condition > different person of the opposite sex condition). These results suggest that early processing of the face and body processes the face and body separately and that structural encoding and personal identification of the face and body process the face and body collaboratively.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1265-1281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10568560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Neural Corelates of Constructing Conceptual and Perceptual Representations of Autobiographical Memories 构建自传体记忆的概念和感知表征的神经核心环节

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02170

Lauri Gurguryan;Can Fenerci;Nguyet Ngo;Signy Sheldon

{"title":"The Neural Corelates of Constructing Conceptual and Perceptual Representations of Autobiographical Memories","authors":"Lauri Gurguryan;Can Fenerci;Nguyet Ngo;Signy Sheldon","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02170","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02170","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary neurocognitive frameworks propose that conceptual and perceptual content of autobiographical memories—personal past experiences—are processed by dissociable neural systems. Other work has proposed a central role of the anterior hippocampus in initially constructing autobiographical memories, regardless of the content. Here, we report on an fMRI study that utilized a repeated retrieval paradigm to test these ideas. In an MRI scanner, participants retrieved autobiographical memories at three timepoints. During the third retrieval, participants either shifted their focus to the conceptual content of the memory, the perceptual content of the memory, or retrieved the memory as they had done so on previous trials. We observed stronger anterior hippocampal activity for the first retrieval compared with later retrievals, regardless of whether there was a shift in content in those later trials. We also found evidence for separate cortical systems when constructing autobiographical memories with a focus on conceptual or perceptual content. Finally, we found that there was common engagement between later retrievals that required a shift toward conceptual content and the initial retrieval of a memory. This final finding was explored further with a behavioral experiment that provided evidence that focusing on conceptual content of a memory guides memory construction, whereas perceptual content adds precision to a memory. Together, these findings suggest there are distinct content-oriented cortical systems that work with the anterior hippocampus to construct representations of autobiographical memories.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1350-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Rise and Persistent Inhibition of Electromyography during Failed Stopping 停车失败时肌电图的早起和持续抑制

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02174

Mitchell Fisher;Hoa Trinh;Jessica O’Neill;Ian Greenhouse

{"title":"Early Rise and Persistent Inhibition of Electromyography during Failed Stopping","authors":"Mitchell Fisher;Hoa Trinh;Jessica O’Neill;Ian Greenhouse","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02174","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02174","url":null,"abstract":"Reactively canceling movements is a vital feature of the motor system to ensure safety. This behavior can be studied in the laboratory using the stop-signal task. There remains ambiguity about whether a “point-of-no-return” exists, after which a response cannot be aborted. A separate question concerns whether motor system inhibition associated with attempted stopping persists when stopping is unsuccessful. We address these two questions using electromyography (EMG) in two stop-signal task experiments. Experiment 1 (n = 24) involved simple right and left index finger responses in separate task blocks. Experiment 2 (n = 28) involved a response choice between the right index and pinky fingers. To evaluate the approximate point of no return, we measured EMG in responding fingers during the 100 msec preceding the stop signal and observed significantly greater EMG amplitudes during failed than successful stopping in both experiments. Thus, EMG before the stop signal differentiated success, regardless of whether there was a response choice. To address whether motor inhibition persists after failed stopping, we assessed EMG peak-to-offset durations and slopes (i.e., rate of EMG decline) for go, failed stop, and successful stop (partial response) trials. EMG peak-to-offset was shorter and steeper for failed stopping compared to go and successful stop partial response trials, suggesting motor inhibition persists even when failing to stop. These findings indicate EMG is sensitive to a “transition zone” at which the relative likelihood of stop failure versus success inverts and also suggest peak-to-offset time of response-related EMG activity during failed stopping reflects stopping-related inhibition.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1412-1426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speaker Competence Affects Prefrontal Theta and Occipital Alpha Power during Selective Word Learning in Preschoolers 在学龄前儿童选择性词汇学习过程中，说话者的能力会影响前额叶 Theta 和枕叶 Alpha 功率。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02162

Julia Brehm;Liridona Hoti;Myriam C. Sander;Markus Werkle-Bergner;Anja Gampe;Moritz M. Daum

{"title":"Speaker Competence Affects Prefrontal Theta and Occipital Alpha Power during Selective Word Learning in Preschoolers","authors":"Julia Brehm;Liridona Hoti;Myriam C. Sander;Markus Werkle-Bergner;Anja Gampe;Moritz M. Daum","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02162","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02162","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we investigated the cognitive processes underlying selective word learning in preschoolers. We measured rhythmic neural activity in the theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha frequency range (7–12 Hz) in 67 four-year-olds. EEG was recorded during anticipation and encoding of novel labeling events performed by a speaker who had previously shown either competence (correct) or incompetence (incorrect) in labeling familiar objects. In both groups, children selected the target object equally often upon recall. However, children observing the incompetent speaker revealed weaker representations of novel words indicated by an increased likelihood for selecting familiar but incorrect items upon recall. Modulations in theta and alpha power suggest differential processing of novel label–object pairs depending on the speakers' competence. In the incompetent, but not the competent, speaker condition, increases in prefrontal theta power during anticipation and encoding were related to increased recall success. Findings suggest that theta power in the present study reflects cognitive control. In both conditions, occipital alpha power—indicating attentional processes—reflected familiarity with novel items, but in opposite directions. In familiar item trials, alpha power was increased observing the incompetent and decreased observing the competent speaker. Thus, both cognitive control and attention processes during word learning are differentially affected by speaker characteristics.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1523-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceptual Expectations Are Reflected by Early Alpha Power Reduction 早期阿尔法功率下降反映了感知预期。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02169

Szabolcs Sáringer;Ágnes Fehér;Gyula Sáry;Péter Kaposvári

{"title":"Perceptual Expectations Are Reflected by Early Alpha Power Reduction","authors":"Szabolcs Sáringer;Ágnes Fehér;Gyula Sáry;Péter Kaposvári","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02169","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02169","url":null,"abstract":"The predictability of a stimulus can be characterized by its transitional probability. Perceptual expectations derived from the transitional probability of the stimulus were found to modulate the early alpha oscillations in the sensory regions of the brain when neural responses to expected versus unexpected stimuli were compared. The objective of our study was to find out the extent to which this low-frequency oscillation reflects stimulus predictability. We aimed to detect the alpha-power difference with smaller differences in transitional probabilities by comparing expected stimuli with neutral ones. We studied the effect of expectation on perception by applying an unsupervised visual statistical learning paradigm with expected and neutral stimuli embedded in an image sequence while recording EEG. Time–frequency analysis showed that expected stimuli elicit lower alpha power in the window of 8–12 Hz and 0–400 msec after stimulus presentation, appearing in the centroparietal region. Comparing previous findings of expectancy-based alpha-band modulation with our results suggests that early alpha oscillation shows an inverse relationship with stimulus predictability. Although current data are insufficient to determine the origin of the alpha power reduction, this could be a potential sign of expectation suppression in cortical oscillatory activity.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1282-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stopping Speed in Response to Auditory and Visual Stop Signals Depends on Go Signal Modality 对听觉和视觉停车信号的停车速度取决于围棋信号模式

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02171

Simon Weber;Sauro E. Salomoni;Rebecca J. St George;Mark R. Hinder

{"title":"Stopping Speed in Response to Auditory and Visual Stop Signals Depends on Go Signal Modality","authors":"Simon Weber;Sauro E. Salomoni;Rebecca J. St George;Mark R. Hinder","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02171","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02171","url":null,"abstract":"Past research has found that the speed of the action cancellation process is influenced by the sensory modality of the environmental change that triggers it. However, the effect on selective stopping processes (where participants must cancel only one component of a multicomponent movement) remains unknown, despite these complex movements often being required as we navigate our busy modern world. Thirty healthy adults (mean age = 31.1 years, SD = 10.5) completed five response-selective stop signal tasks featuring different combinations of “go signal” modality (the environmental change baring an imperative to initiate movement; auditory or visual) and “stop signal” modality (the environmental change indicating that action cancellation is required: auditory, visual, or audiovisual). EMG recordings of effector muscles allowed detailed comparison of the characteristics of voluntary action and cancellation between tasks. Behavioral and physiological measures of stopping speed demonstrated that the modality of the go signal influenced how quickly participants cancelled movement in response to the stop signal: Stopping was faster in two cross-modal experimental conditions (auditory go – visual stop; visual go – auditory stop), than in two conditions using the same modality for both signals. A separate condition testing for multisensory facilitation revealed that stopping was fastest when the stop signal consisted of a combined audiovisual stimulus, compared with all other go–stop stimulus combinations. These findings provide novel evidence regarding the role of attentional networks in action cancellation and suggest modality-specific cognitive resources influence the latency of the stopping process.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1395-1411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Electrophysiological Correlates of Perceptual Consciousness Are Affected by Both Exogenous and Endogenous Attention 知觉意识的早期电生理相关性受外源性和内源性注意力的影响

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02156

Łucja Doradzińska;Michał Bola

{"title":"Early Electrophysiological Correlates of Perceptual Consciousness Are Affected by Both Exogenous and Endogenous Attention","authors":"Łucja Doradzińska;Michał Bola","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02156","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02156","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proposed that visual awareness negativity (VAN), which is an early ERP component, constitutes a neural correlate of visual consciousness that is independent of perceptual and cognitive mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated whether VAN is indeed a specific marker of phenomenal awareness or rather reflects the involvement of attention. To this end, we reanalyzed data collected in a previously published EEG experiment in which awareness of visual stimuli and two aspects that define attentional involvement, namely, the inherent saliency and task relevance of a stimulus, were manipulated orthogonally. During the experimental procedure, participants (n = 41) were presented with images of faces that were backward-masked or unmasked, fearful or neutral, and defined as task-relevant targets or task-irrelevant distractors. Single-trial ERP analysis revealed that VAN was highly dependent on attentional manipulations in the early time window (140–200 msec), up to the point that the effect of awareness was not observed for attentionally irrelevant stimuli (i.e., neutral faces presented as distractors). In the late time window (200–350 msec), VAN was present in all attentional conditions, but its amplitude was significantly higher in response to fearful faces and task-relevant face images than in response to neutral ones and task-irrelevant ones, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the amplitude of VAN is highly dependent on both exogenous (stimulus saliency) and endogenous attention (task requirements). Our results challenge the view that VAN constitutes an attention-independent correlate of phenomenal awareness.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1297-1324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Perception in the Infant Brain and Its Link to Social Behavior 婴儿大脑中的社交感知及其与社交行为的联系。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02165

Tobias Grossmann

引用次数: 0

Pupil Size and Eye Movements Differently Index Effort in Both Younger and Older Adults 瞳孔大小和眼球运动对年轻人和老年人努力程度的影响不同

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02172

Björn Herrmann;Jennifer D. Ryan

{"title":"Pupil Size and Eye Movements Differently Index Effort in Both Younger and Older Adults","authors":"Björn Herrmann;Jennifer D. Ryan","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02172","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02172","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of mental effort is increasingly relevant in neurocognitive and life span domains. Pupillometry, the measure of the pupil size, is often used to assess effort but has disadvantages. Analysis of eye movements may provide an alternative, but research has been limited to easy and difficult task demands in younger adults. An effort measure must be sensitive to the whole effort profile, including “giving up” effort investment, and capture effort in different age groups. The current study comprised three experiments in which younger (n = 66) and older (n = 44) adults listened to speech masked by background babble at different signal-to-noise ratios associated with easy, difficult, and impossible speech comprehension. We expected individuals to invest little effort for easy and impossible speech (giving up) but to exert effort for difficult speech. Indeed, pupil size was largest for difficult but lower for easy and impossible speech. In contrast, gaze dispersion decreased with increasing speech masking in both age groups. Critically, gaze dispersion during difficult speech returned to levels similar to easy speech after sentence offset, when acoustic stimulation was similar across conditions, whereas gaze dispersion during impossible speech continued to be reduced. These findings show that a reduction in eye movements is not a byproduct of acoustic factors, but instead suggest that neurocognitive processes, different from arousal-related systems regulating the pupil size, drive reduced eye movements during high task demands. The current data thus show that effort in one sensory domain (audition) differentially impacts distinct functional properties in another sensory domain (vision).","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1325-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0