Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

Behavioral Studies Reveal Functional Differences in Image Processing by Ventral Stream Areas TEO and TE. 行为研究揭示了腹侧流区 TEO 和 TE 在图像处理方面的功能差异。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02168

Barry J Richmond, M. Eldridge

引用次数: 0

Reward Reinforcement Creates Enduring Facilitation of Goal-directed Behavior 奖励强化能持久促进目标行为

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02150

Ian C. Ballard, Michael Waskom, Kerry C. Nix, Mark D’Esposito

{"title":"Reward Reinforcement Creates Enduring Facilitation of Goal-directed Behavior","authors":"Ian C. Ballard, Michael Waskom, Kerry C. Nix, Mark D’Esposito","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02150","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulus–response habits benefit behavior by automatizing the selection of rewarding actions. However, this automaticity can come at the cost of reduced flexibility to adapt behavior when circumstances change. The goal-directed system is thought to counteract the habit system by providing the flexibility to pursue context-appropriate behaviors. The dichotomy between habitual action selection and flexible goal-directed behavior has recently been challenged by findings showing that rewards bias both action and goal selection. Here, we test whether reward reinforcement can give rise to habitual goal selection much as it gives rise to habitual action selection. We designed a rewarded, context-based perceptual discrimination task in which performance on one rule was reinforced. Using drift-diffusion models and psychometric analyses, we found that reward facilitates the initiation and execution of rules. Strikingly, we found that these biases persisted in a test phase in which rewards were no longer available. Although this facilitation is consistent with the habitual goal selection hypothesis, we did not find evidence that reward reinforcement reduced cognitive flexibility to implement alternative rules. Together, the findings suggest that reward creates a lasting impact on the selection and execution of goals but may not lead to the inflexibility characteristic of habits. Our findings demonstrate the role of the reward learning system in influencing how the goal-directed system selects and implements goals.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prefrontal-Amygdala Pathways for Object and Social Value Representation. 物体和社会价值表征的前额叶-杏仁核通路

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02144

Maia S Pujara, Elisabeth A Murray

{"title":"Prefrontal-Amygdala Pathways for Object and Social Value Representation.","authors":"Maia S Pujara, Elisabeth A Murray","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02144","url":null,"abstract":"This special focus article was prepared to honor the memory of our National Institutes of Health colleague, friend, and mentor Leslie G. Ungerleider, who passed away in December 2020, and is based on a presentation given at a symposium held in her honor at the National Institutes of Health in September 2022. In this article, we describe an extension of Leslie Ungerleider's influential work on the object analyzer pathway in which the inferior temporal visual cortex interacts with the amygdala, and then discuss a broader role for the amygdala in stimulus-outcome associative learning in humans and nonhuman primates. We summarize extant data from our and others' laboratories regarding two distinct frontal-amygdala circuits that subserve nonsocial and social valuation processes. Both neuropsychological and neurophysiological data suggest a role for the OFC in nonsocial valuation and the ACC in social valuation. More recent evidence supports the possibility that the amygdala functions in conjunction with these frontal regions to subserve these distinct, complex valuation processes. We emphasize the dynamic nature of valuation processes and advocate for additional research on amygdala-frontal interactions in these domains.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moving and Static Faces, Bodies, Objects, and Scenes Are Differentially Represented across the Three Visual Pathways. 三种视觉通路对运动和静止的脸部、身体、物体和场景的表征各不相同

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02139

Emel Küçük, Matthew Foxwell, Daniel Kaiser, David Pitcher

{"title":"Moving and Static Faces, Bodies, Objects, and Scenes Are Differentially Represented across the Three Visual Pathways.","authors":"Emel Küçük, Matthew Foxwell, Daniel Kaiser, David Pitcher","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02139","url":null,"abstract":"Models of human cortex propose the existence of neuroanatomical pathways specialized for different behavioral functions. These pathways include a ventral pathway for object recognition, a dorsal pathway for performing visually guided physical actions, and a recently proposed third pathway for social perception. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that different categories of moving stimuli are differentially processed across the dorsal and third pathways according to their behavioral implications. Human participants (n = 30) were scanned with fMRI while viewing moving and static stimuli from four categories (faces, bodies, scenes, and objects). A whole-brain group analysis showed that moving bodies and moving objects increased neural responses in the bilateral posterior parietal cortex, parts of the dorsal pathway. By contrast, moving faces and moving bodies increased neural responses, the superior temporal sulcus, part of the third pathway. This pattern of results was also supported by a separate ROI analysis showing that moving stimuli produced more robust neural responses for all visual object categories, particularly in lateral and dorsal brain areas. Our results suggest that dynamic naturalistic stimuli from different categories are routed in specific visual pathways that process dissociable behavioral functions.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Role of Sensorimotor Experience in Facial Expression Perception. 论感觉运动经验在面部表情感知中的作用。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02148

Shruti Japee

{"title":"On the Role of Sensorimotor Experience in Facial Expression Perception.","authors":"Shruti Japee","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02148","url":null,"abstract":"Humans recognize the facial expressions of others rapidly and effortlessly. Although much is known about how we perceive expressions, the role of facial experience in shaping this remarkable ability remains unclear. Is our perception of expressions linked to how we ourselves make facial expressions? Are we better at recognizing other's facial expressions if we are experts at making the same expressions ourselves? And if we could not make facial expressions at all, would it impact our ability to recognize others' facial expressions? The current article aims to examine these questions by explicating the link between facial experience and facial expression recognition. It includes a comprehensive appraisal of the related literature and examines three main theories that posit a connection between making and recognizing facial expressions. First, recent studies in individuals with Moebius syndrome support the role of facial ability (i.e., the ability to move one's face to make facial expressions) in facial expression recognition. Second, motor simulation theory suggests that humans recognize others' facial expressions by covertly mimicking the observed expression (without overt motor action) and that this facial mimicry helps us identify and feel the associated emotion. Finally, the facial feedback hypothesis provides a framework for enhanced emotional experience via proprioceptive feedback from facial muscles when mimicking a viewed facial expression. Evidence for and against these theories is presented as well as some considerations and outstanding questions for future research studies investigating the role of facial experience in facial expression perception.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Spiraling Cognitive-Emotional Brain: Combinatorial, Reciprocal, and Reentrant Macro-organization. 螺旋上升的认知-情感大脑：组合、互惠和回溯的宏观组织。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02146

Luiz Pessoa

引用次数: 0

From Motion to Emotion: Visual Pathways and Potential Interconnections. 从运动到情感：视觉通路和潜在的相互联系。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02141

Aina Puce

{"title":"From Motion to Emotion: Visual Pathways and Potential Interconnections.","authors":"Aina Puce","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02141","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02141","url":null,"abstract":"The two visual pathway description of [Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. Two cortical visual systems. In D. J. Dingle, M. A. Goodale, & R. J. W. Mansfield (Eds.), Analysis of visual behavior (pp. 549-586). Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1982] changed the course of late 20th century systems and cognitive neuroscience. Here, I try to reexamine our laboratory's work through the lens of the [Pitcher, D., & Ungerleider, L. G. Evidence for a third visual pathway specialized for social perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25, 100-110, 2021] new third visual pathway. I also briefly review the literature related to brain responses to static and dynamic visual displays, visual stimulation involving multiple individuals, and compare existing models of social information processing for the face and body. In this context, I examine how the posterior STS might generate unique social information relative to other brain regions that also respond to social stimuli. I discuss some of the existing challenges we face with assessing how information flow progresses between structures in the proposed functional pathways and how some stimulus types and experimental designs may have complicated our data interpretation and model generation. I also note a series of outstanding questions for the field. Finally, I examine the idea of a potential expansion of the third visual pathway, to include aspects of previously proposed \"lateral\" visual pathways. Doing this would yield a more general entity for processing motion/action (i.e., \"[inter]action\") that deals with interactions between people, as well as people and objects. In this framework, a brief discussion of potential hemispheric biases for function, and different forms of neuropsychological impairments created by focal lesions in the posterior brain is highlighted to help situate various brain regions into an expanded [inter]action pathway.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lesion-symptom Mapping of Acceptability Judgments in Chronic Poststroke Aphasia Reveals the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Receptive Syntax 中风后慢性失语症患者可接受性判断的病变-症状映射揭示了接受性句法的神经生物学基础。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02134

Danielle Fahey;Julius Fridriksson;Gregory Hickok;William Matchin

{"title":"Lesion-symptom Mapping of Acceptability Judgments in Chronic Poststroke Aphasia Reveals the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Receptive Syntax","authors":"Danielle Fahey;Julius Fridriksson;Gregory Hickok;William Matchin","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02134","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02134","url":null,"abstract":"Disagreements persist regarding the neural basis of syntactic processing, which has been linked both to inferior frontal and posterior temporal regions of the brain. One focal point of the debate concerns the role of inferior frontal areas in receptive syntactic ability, which is mostly assessed using sentence comprehension involving complex syntactic structures, a task that is potentially confounded with working memory. Syntactic acceptability judgments may provide a better measure of receptive syntax by reducing the need to use high working memory load and complex sentences and by enabling assessment of various types of syntactic violations. We therefore tested the perception of grammatical violations by people with poststroke aphasia (n = 25), along with matched controls (n = 16), using English sentences involving errors in word order, agreement, or subcategorization. Lesion data were also collected. Control participants performed near ceiling in accuracy with higher discriminability of agreement and subcategorization violations than word order; aphasia participants were less able to discriminate violations, but, on average, paralleled control participants discriminability of types of violations. Lesion-symptom mapping showed a correlation between discriminability and posterior temporal regions, but not inferior frontal regions. We argue that these results diverge from models holding that frontal areas are amodal core regions in syntactic structure building and favor models that posit a core hierarchical system in posterior temporal regions.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10535078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cortical and Subcortical Mechanisms of Orthographic Word-form Learning 正字法词形学习的皮层和皮层下机制

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02147

Yuan Tao;Teresa Schubert;Robert Wiley;Craig Stark;Brenda Rapp

{"title":"Cortical and Subcortical Mechanisms of Orthographic Word-form Learning","authors":"Yuan Tao;Teresa Schubert;Robert Wiley;Craig Stark;Brenda Rapp","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02147","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02147","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the initial stages of orthographic learning in real time as literate adults learned spellings for spoken pseudowords during fMRI scanning. Participants were required to learn and store orthographic word forms because the pseudoword spellings were not uniquely predictable from sound to letter mappings. With eight learning trials per word form, we observed changes in the brain's response as learning was taking place. Accuracy was evaluated during learning, immediately after scanning, and 1 week later. We found evidence of two distinct learning systems—hippocampal and neocortical—operating during orthographic learning, consistent with the predictions of dual systems theories of learning/memory such as the complementary learning systems framework [McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review, 102, 419–457, 1995]. The bilateral hippocampus and the visual word form area (VWFA) showed significant BOLD response changes over learning, with the former exhibiting a rising pattern and the latter exhibiting a falling pattern. Moreover, greater BOLD signal increase in the hippocampus was associated with better postscan recall. In addition, we identified two distinct bilateral brain networks that mirrored the rising and falling patterns of the hippocampus and VWFA. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that regions within each network were internally synchronized. These novel findings highlight, for the first time, the relevance of multiple learning systems in orthographic learning and provide a paradigm that can be used to address critical gaps in our understanding of the neural bases of orthographic learning in general and orthographic word-form learning specifically.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implicit Adaptation Is Modulated by the Relevance of Feedback 内隐适应受反馈相关性的调节

IF 3.2 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02160

Jonathan Tsay;Darius E. Parvin;Kristy V. Dang;Alissa R. Stover;Richard B. Ivry;J. Ryan Morehead

{"title":"Implicit Adaptation Is Modulated by the Relevance of Feedback","authors":"Jonathan Tsay;Darius E. Parvin;Kristy V. Dang;Alissa R. Stover;Richard B. Ivry;J. Ryan Morehead","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02160","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02160","url":null,"abstract":"Given that informative and relevant feedback in the real world is often intertwined with distracting and irrelevant feedback, we asked how the relevancy of visual feedback impacts implicit sensorimotor adaptation. To tackle this question, we presented multiple cursors as visual feedback in a center-out reaching task and varied the task relevance of these cursors. In other words, participants were instructed to hit a target with a specific task-relevant cursor, while ignoring the other cursors. In Experiment 1, we found that reach aftereffects were attenuated by the mere presence of distracting cursors, compared with reach aftereffects in response to a single task-relevant cursor. The degree of attenuation did not depend on the position of the distracting cursors. In Experiment 2, we examined the interaction between task relevance and attention. Participants were asked to adapt to a task-relevant cursor/target pair, while ignoring the task-irrelevant cursor/target pair. Critically, we jittered the location of the relevant and irrelevant target in an uncorrelated manner, allowing us to index attention via how well participants tracked the position of target. We found that participants who were better at tracking the task-relevant target/cursor pair showed greater aftereffects, and interestingly, the same correlation applied to the task-irrelevant target/cursor pair. Together, these results highlight a novel role of task relevancy on modulating implicit adaptation, perhaps by giving greater attention to informative sources of feedback, increasing the saliency of the sensory prediction error.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0