Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

The Spiraling Cognitive–Emotional Brain: Combinatorial, Reciprocal, and Reentrant Macro-organization 螺旋上升的认知-情感大脑：组合、互惠和回溯的宏观组织。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02146

Luiz Pessoa

引用次数: 0

Paradoxical Long-term Memory Augmentation following Temporal Pairing between “Limited” and “Extensive” Motor Sequence Training Experiences 在 "有限 "和 "广泛 "运动序列训练经历的时空配对后出现的矛盾性长时记忆增强。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02186

Yaniv Oren;Maria Korman;Avi Karni

{"title":"Paradoxical Long-term Memory Augmentation following Temporal Pairing between “Limited” and “Extensive” Motor Sequence Training Experiences","authors":"Yaniv Oren;Maria Korman;Avi Karni","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02186","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02186","url":null,"abstract":"Consecutive training on two movement sequences often leads to retroactive interference—obstructing memory for the initially trained sequence but not for the second. However, in the context of hippocampal-system dependent memories, a poor learning experience, memory for which would soon decay, can be enhanced if temporally paired with a “strong” memory triggering experience. The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis explains this paradoxical enhancement by suggesting that only strong experiences generate cellular resources necessary for synaptic remodeling. However, synapses engaged in a “weak” learning experience can capture and utilize plasticity-related resources generated for a subsequent strong learning experience. Here, we tested whether such a “paradoxical” outcome would result in the context of motor (procedural) memory, if two movement sequences are unequally trained, consecutively. We show, in young adults (n = 100), that limited practice on a novel sequence of finger-to-thumb opposition movements led to different long-term outcomes, depending on whether and when (5 min, 5 hr) it was followed by extensive training on a different sequence. Five-minute pairing only resulted in overnight gains for the limited-trained sequence that were well-retained a week later; the overnight gains for the extensively trained sequence were compromised. Thus, consecutive training on different motor tasks can result in mnemonic interactions other than interference. We propose that the newly discovered mnemonic interaction provides the first-tier behavioral evidence in support of the possible applicability of notions stemming from the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis in relation to human motor memory generation, specifically in relation to the practice-dependent consolidation of novel explicitly instructed movement sequences.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 12","pages":"2807-2821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10776805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reward Reinforcement Creates Enduring Facilitation of Goal-directed Behavior 奖励强化能持久促进目标行为

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02150

Ian C. Ballard;Michael Waskom;Kerry C. Nix;Mark D’Esposito

{"title":"Reward Reinforcement Creates Enduring Facilitation of Goal-directed Behavior","authors":"Ian C. Ballard;Michael Waskom;Kerry C. Nix;Mark D’Esposito","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02150","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02150","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulus–response habits benefit behavior by automatizing the selection of rewarding actions. However, this automaticity can come at the cost of reduced flexibility to adapt behavior when circumstances change. The goal-directed system is thought to counteract the habit system by providing the flexibility to pursue context-appropriate behaviors. The dichotomy between habitual action selection and flexible goal-directed behavior has recently been challenged by findings showing that rewards bias both action and goal selection. Here, we test whether reward reinforcement can give rise to habitual goal selection much as it gives rise to habitual action selection. We designed a rewarded, context-based perceptual discrimination task in which performance on one rule was reinforced. Using drift-diffusion models and psychometric analyses, we found that reward facilitates the initiation and execution of rules. Strikingly, we found that these biases persisted in a test phase in which rewards were no longer available. Although this facilitation is consistent with the habitual goal selection hypothesis, we did not find evidence that reward reinforcement reduced cognitive flexibility to implement alternative rules. Together, the findings suggest that reward creates a lasting impact on the selection and execution of goals but may not lead to the inflexibility characteristic of habits. Our findings demonstrate the role of the reward learning system in influencing how the goal-directed system selects and implements goals.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 12","pages":"2847-2862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Motivation and Decision-making 动机和决策的神经与计算机制。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02258

Debbie M. Yee

{"title":"Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Motivation and Decision-making","authors":"Debbie M. Yee","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02258","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02258","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation is often thought to enhance adaptive decision-making by biasing actions toward rewards and away from punishment. Emerging evidence, however, points to a more nuanced view whereby motivation can both enhance and impair different aspects of decision-making. Model-based approaches have gained prominence over the past decade for developing more precise mechanistic explanations for how incentives impact goal-directed behavior. In this Special Focus, we highlight three studies that demonstrate how computational frameworks help decompose decision processes into constituent cognitive components, as well as formalize when and how motivational factors (e.g., monetary rewards) influence specific cognitive processes, decision-making strategies, and self-report measures. Finally, I conclude with a provocative suggestion based on recent advances in the field: that organisms do not merely seek to maximize the expected value of extrinsic incentives. Instead, they may be optimizing decision-making to achieve a desired internal state (e.g., homeostasis, effort, affect). Future investigation into such internal processes will be a fruitful endeavor for unlocking the cognitive, computational, and neural mechanisms of motivated decision-making.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 12","pages":"2822-2830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The Laboratory of Brain and Cognition: A Lab Is Born 关于大脑与认知实验室早期历史的互补且基本一致的描述。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02197

James V. Haxby

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From Motion to Emotion: Visual Pathways and Potential Interconnections 从运动到情感：视觉通路和潜在的相互联系。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02141

Aina Puce

{"title":"From Motion to Emotion: Visual Pathways and Potential Interconnections","authors":"Aina Puce","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02141","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02141","url":null,"abstract":"The two visual pathway description of Ungerleider and Mishkin changed the course of late 20th century systems and cognitive neuroscience. Here, I try to reexamine our laboratory's work through the lens of the Pitcher and Ungerleider new third visual pathway. I also briefly review the literature related to brain responses to static and dynamic visual displays, visual stimulation involving multiple individuals, and compare existing models of social information processing for the face and body. In this context, I examine how the posterior STS might generate unique social information relative to other brain regions that also respond to social stimuli. I discuss some of the existing challenges we face with assessing how information flow progresses between structures in the proposed functional pathways and how some stimulus types and experimental designs may have complicated our data interpretation and model generation. I also note a series of outstanding questions for the field. Finally, I examine the idea of a potential expansion of the third visual pathway, to include aspects of previously proposed “lateral” visual pathways. Doing this would yield a more general entity for processing motion/action (i.e., “[inter]action”) that deals with interactions between people, as well as people and objects. In this framework, a brief discussion of potential hemispheric biases for function, and different forms of neuropsychological impairments created by focal lesions in the posterior brain is highlighted to help situate various brain regions into an expanded [inter]action pathway.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 12","pages":"2594-2617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two “What” Networks in the Human Brain 人脑中的两个 "什么 "网络

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02234

Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam

{"title":"Two “What” Networks in the Human Brain","authors":"Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02234","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02234","url":null,"abstract":"Ungerleider and Mishkin, in their influential work that relied on detailed anatomical and ablation studies, suggested that visual information is processed along two distinct pathways: the dorsal “where” pathway, primarily responsible for spatial vision, and the ventral “what” pathway, dedicated to object vision. This strict division of labor has faced challenges in light of compelling evidence revealing robust shape and object selectivity within the putative “where” pathway. This article reviews evidence that supports the presence of shape selectivity in the dorsal pathway. A comparative examination of dorsal and ventral object representations in terms of invariance, task dependency, and representational content reveals similarities and differences between the two pathways. Both exhibit some level of tolerance to image transformations and are influenced by tasks, but responses in the dorsal pathway show weaker tolerance and stronger task modulations than those in the ventral pathway. Furthermore, an examination of their representational content highlights a divergence between the responses in the two pathways, suggesting that they are sensitive to distinct features of objects. Collectively, these findings suggest that two networks exist in the human brain for processing object shapes, one in the dorsal and another in the ventral visual cortex. These studies lay the foundation for future research aimed at revealing the precise roles the two “what” networks play in our ability to understand and interact with objects.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 12","pages":"2584-2593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Announcing the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Discussion Forum 认知神经科学杂志》讨论论坛揭晓。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_e_02259

Bradley R. Postle

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How Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Vocalizations Shape the Perception of Emotional Faces-An EEG Study. 语言和非语言发声如何塑造情绪面孔的感知——一项脑电图研究。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02284

Junyu Liang, Mingming Zhang, Lan Yang, Yiwen Li, Yuchen Li, Li Wang, Hongying Li, Jun Chen, Wenbo Luo

{"title":"How Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Vocalizations Shape the Perception of Emotional Faces-An EEG Study.","authors":"Junyu Liang, Mingming Zhang, Lan Yang, Yiwen Li, Yuchen Li, Li Wang, Hongying Li, Jun Chen, Wenbo Luo","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02284","url":null,"abstract":"Vocal emotions are crucial in guiding visual attention toward emotionally significant environmental events, such as recognizing emotional faces. This study employed continuous electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to examine the impact of linguistic and nonlinguistic vocalizations on facial emotion processing. Participants completed a facial emotion discrimination task while viewing fearful, happy, and neutral faces. The behavioral and ERP results indicated that fearful nonlinguistic vocalizations accelerated the recognition of fearful faces and elicited a larger P1 amplitude, whereas happy linguistic vocalizations accelerated the recognition of happy faces and similarly induced a greater P1 amplitude. In recognition of fearful faces, a greater N170 component was observed in the right hemisphere when the emotional category of the priming vocalization was consistent with the face stimulus. In contrast, this effect occurred in the left hemisphere while recognizing happy faces. Representational similarity analysis revealed that the temporoparietal regions automatically differentiate between linguistic and nonlinguistic vocalizations early in face processing. In conclusion, these findings enhance our understanding of the interplay between vocalization types and facial emotion recognition, highlighting the importance of cross-modal processing in emotional perception.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frontal Deactivation and the Efficacy of Statistical Learning: Neural Mechanisms Accompanying Exposure to Visual Statistical Sequences. 额叶失活和统计学习的效果：视觉统计序列的神经机制。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02283

Martyna Brylka, Jakub Wojciechowski, Tomasz Wolak, Hanna B Cygan

{"title":"Frontal Deactivation and the Efficacy of Statistical Learning: Neural Mechanisms Accompanying Exposure to Visual Statistical Sequences.","authors":"Martyna Brylka, Jakub Wojciechowski, Tomasz Wolak, Hanna B Cygan","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02283","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical learning is the cognitive ability to rapidly identify structure and meaning in unfamiliar streams of sensory experience, even in the absence of feedback. Despite extensive studies, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this phenomenon still require further clarification under varying cognitive conditions. Here, we examined neural mechanisms during the first exposure to visually presented sequences in 47 healthy participants. We used two types of visual objects: abstract symbols and pictures of cartoon-like animals. This allowed us to compare informational processing mechanisms with defined distinguishing features. Participants achieved better performance for sequences with easy-to-name than difficult-to-name abstract stimuli. fMRI results revealed greater activation in widespread brain regions in response to random versus statistical sequences for all stimuli types. Behavioral accuracy was associated with increased deactivation of the ventromedial pFC for easy-to-name statistical versus random sequences. For difficult-to-name statistical versus random sequences, performance correlated with dmPFC deactivation. ROI analysis showed a generally positive involvement of the caudate head in sequence processing with significantly stronger activity during the first run of performing the task. Functional connectivity analysis of prefrontal deactivation regions revealed significant connectivity with nodes of the salience network for both object types and inverse connectivity with the caudate head only for easy-to-name objects. The results indicated that distinct subregions of pFC modulate task performance depending on the visual stimulus characteristic. They also showed that among striatal regions, only the head of the caudate was sensitive to initial exposure to visual statistical information.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0