Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Perceptual Awareness in Human Infants: What is the Evidence? 人类婴儿的感知意识：证据是什么？

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02149

Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz

{"title":"Perceptual Awareness in Human Infants: What is the Evidence?","authors":"Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02149","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02149","url":null,"abstract":"Perceptual awareness in infants during the first year of life is understudied, despite the philosophical, scientific, and clinical importance of understanding how and when consciousness emerges during human brain development. Although parents are undoubtedly convinced that their infant is conscious, the lack of adequate experimental paradigms to address this question in preverbal infants has been a hindrance to research on this topic. However, recent behavioral and brain imaging studies have shown that infants are engaged in complex learning from an early age and that their brains are more structured than traditionally thought. I will present a rapid overview of these results, which might provide indirect evidence of early perceptual awareness and then describe how a more systematic approach to this question could stand within the framework of global workspace theory, which identifies specific signatures of conscious perception in adults. Relying on these brain signatures as a benchmark for conscious perception, we can deduce that it exists in the second half of the first year, whereas the evidence before the age of 5 months is less solid, mainly because of the paucity of studies. The question of conscious perception before term remains open, with the possibility of short periods of conscious perception, which would facilitate early learning. Advances in brain imaging and growing interest in this subject should enable us to gain a better understanding of this important issue in the years to come.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1599-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Constructive Memory and Conscious Experience 建设性记忆与有意识的体验。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02201

Daniel L. Schacter;Preston P. Thakral

引用次数: 0

The Brain's Sensitivity to Real-world Statistical Regularity Does Not Require Full Attention 大脑对现实世界统计规律性的敏感性并不需要全神贯注

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02181

Evan G. Center;Kara D. Federmeier;Diane M. Beck

{"title":"The Brain's Sensitivity to Real-world Statistical Regularity Does Not Require Full Attention","authors":"Evan G. Center;Kara D. Federmeier;Diane M. Beck","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02181","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02181","url":null,"abstract":"Predictive coding accounts of perception state that the brain generates perceptual predictions in the service of processing incoming sensory data. These predictions are hypothesized to be afforded by the brain's ability to internalize useful patterns, that is, statistical regularities, from the environment. We have previously argued that the N300 ERP component serves as an index of the brain's use of representations of (real-world) statistical regularities. However, we do not yet know whether overt attention is necessary in order for this process to engage. We addressed this question by presenting stimuli of either high or low real-world statistical regularity in terms of their representativeness (good/bad exemplars of natural scene categories) to participants who either fully attended the stimuli or were distracted by another task (attended/distracted conditions). Replicating past work, N300 responses were larger to bad than to good scene exemplars, and furthermore, we demonstrate minimal impacts of distraction on N300 effects. Thus, it seems that overtly focused attention is not required to maintain the brain's sensitivity to real-world statistical regularity. Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis, we showed that providing additional, artificial regularities, formed by altering the proportions of good and bad exemplars within blocks, further enhanced the N300 effect in both attended and distracted conditions, shedding light on the relationship between statistical regularities learned in the real world and those learned within the context of an experiment.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1715-1740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perception-action Dissociations as a Window into Consciousness 作为意识之窗的知觉-行动分离。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02122

Marisa Carrasco;Miriam Spering

引用次数: 0

Acute Stress Effects on Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory 急性压力对统计学习和外显记忆的影响

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02178

Brynn E. Sherman;Isabella Huang;Elaine G. Wijaya;Nicholas B. Turk-Browne;Elizabeth V. Goldfarb

{"title":"Acute Stress Effects on Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory","authors":"Brynn E. Sherman;Isabella Huang;Elaine G. Wijaya;Nicholas B. Turk-Browne;Elizabeth V. Goldfarb","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02178","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02178","url":null,"abstract":"Stress is widely considered to negatively impact hippocampal function, thus impairing episodic memory. However, the hippocampus is not merely the seat of episodic memory. Rather, it also (via distinct circuitry) supports statistical learning. On the basis of rodent work suggesting that stress may impair the hippocampal pathway involved in episodic memory while sparing or enhancing the pathway involved in statistical learning, we developed a behavioral experiment to investigate the effects of acute stress on both episodic memory and statistical learning in humans. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: stress (socially evaluated cold pressor) immediately before learning, stress ∼15 min before learning, or no stress. In the learning task, participants viewed a series of trial-unique scenes (allowing for episodic encoding of each image) in which certain scene categories reliably followed one another (allowing for statistical learning of associations between paired categories). Memory was assessed 24 hr later to isolate stress effects on encoding/learning rather than retrieval. We found modest support for our hypothesis that acute stress can amplify statistical learning: Only participants stressed ∼15 min in advance exhibited reliable evidence of learning across multiple measures. Furthermore, stress-induced cortisol levels predicted statistical learning retention 24 hr later. In contrast, episodic memory did not differ by stress condition, although we did find preliminary evidence that acute stress promoted memory for statistically predictable information and attenuated competition between statistical and episodic encoding. Together, these findings provide initial insights into how stress may differentially modulate learning processes within the hippocampus.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1741-1759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inferring Consciousness in Phylogenetically Distant Organisms 推断系统发育遥远的生物的意识

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02158

Peter Godfrey-Smith

{"title":"Inferring Consciousness in Phylogenetically Distant Organisms","authors":"Peter Godfrey-Smith","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02158","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02158","url":null,"abstract":"The neural dynamics of subjectivity (NDS) approach to the biological explanation of consciousness is outlined and applied to the problem of inferring consciousness in animals phylogenetically distant from ourselves. The NDS approach holds that consciousness or felt experience is characteristic of systems whose nervous systems have been shaped to realize subjectivity through a combination of network interactions and large-scale dynamic patterns. Features of the vertebrate brain architecture that figure in other accounts of the biology of consciousness are viewed as inessential. Deep phylogenetic branchings in the animal kingdom occurred before the evolution of complex behavior, cognition, and sensing. These capacities arose independently in brain architectures that differ widely across arthropods, vertebrates, and cephalopods, but with conservation of large-scale dynamic patterns of a kind that have an apparent link to felt experience in humans. An evolutionary perspective also motivates a strongly gradualist view of consciousness; a simple distinction between conscious and nonconscious animals will probably be replaced with a view that admits differences of degree, perhaps on many dimensions.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1660-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-hierarchy Network Configuration Can Predict Brain States and Performance 多层次网络配置可预测大脑状态和表现

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02153

Bin Wang;Yuting Yuan;Lan Yang;Yin Huang;Xi Zhang;Xingyu Zhang;Wenjie Yan;Ying Li;Dandan Li;Jie Xiang;Jiajia Yang;Miaomiao Liu

{"title":"Multi-hierarchy Network Configuration Can Predict Brain States and Performance","authors":"Bin Wang;Yuting Yuan;Lan Yang;Yin Huang;Xi Zhang;Xingyu Zhang;Wenjie Yan;Ying Li;Dandan Li;Jie Xiang;Jiajia Yang;Miaomiao Liu","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02153","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02153","url":null,"abstract":"The brain is a hierarchical modular organization that varies across functional states. Network configuration can better reveal network organization patterns. However, the multi-hierarchy network configuration remains unknown. Here, we propose an eigenmodal decomposition approach to detect modules at multi-hierarchy, which can identify higher-layer potential submodules and is consistent with the brain hierarchical structure. We defined three metrics: node configuration matrix, combinability, and separability. Node configuration matrix represents network configuration changes between layers. Separability reflects network configuration from global to local, whereas combinability shows network configuration from local to global. First, we created a random network to verify the feasibility of the method. Results show that separability of real networks is larger than that of random networks, whereas combinability is smaller than random networks. Then, we analyzed a large data set incorporating fMRI data from resting and seven distinct tasking conditions. Experiment results demonstrates the high similarity in node configuration matrices for different task conditions, whereas the tasking states have less separability and greater combinability between modules compared with the resting state. Furthermore, the ability of brain network configuration can predict brain states and cognition performance. Crucially, derived from tasks are highlighted with greater power than resting, showing that task-induced attributes have a greater ability to reveal individual differences. Together, our study provides novel perspectives for analyzing the organization structure of complex brain networks at multi-hierarchy, gives new insights to further unravel the working mechanisms of the brain, and adds new evidence for tasking states to better characterize and predict behavioral traits.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1695-1714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Unpredictable Brain Is a Conscious, Responsive Brain 不可预测的大脑是有意识的、反应灵敏的大脑

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02154

Sima Mofakham;Jermaine Robertson;Noah Lubin;Nathaniel A. Cleri;Charles B. Mikell

引用次数: 0

Homeostatic Feelings and the Emergence of Consciousness 同态感受与意识的萌发》（Homeostatic Feelings and the Emergence of Consciousness）。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02119

Antonio Damasio;Hanna Damasio

引用次数: 0

Delta-band Activity Underlies Referential Meaning Representation during Pronoun Resolution 德尔塔波段活动是代词解析过程中指称意义表征的基础

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02163

Rong Ding;Sanne Ten Oever;Andrea E. Martin

{"title":"Delta-band Activity Underlies Referential Meaning Representation during Pronoun Resolution","authors":"Rong Ding;Sanne Ten Oever;Andrea E. Martin","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02163","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02163","url":null,"abstract":"Human language offers a variety of ways to create meaning, one of which is referring to entities, objects, or events in the world. One such meaning maker is understanding to whom or to what a pronoun in a discourse refers to. To understand a pronoun, the brain must access matching entities or concepts that have been encoded in memory from previous linguistic context. Models of language processing propose that internally stored linguistic concepts, accessed via exogenous cues such as phonological input of a word, are represented as (a)synchronous activities across a population of neurons active at specific frequency bands. Converging evidence suggests that delta band activity (1–3 Hz) is involved in temporal and representational integration during sentence processing. Moreover, recent advances in the neurobiology of memory suggest that recollection engages neural dynamics similar to those which occurred during memory encoding. Integrating from these two research lines, we here tested the hypothesis that neural dynamic patterns, especially in delta frequency range, underlying referential meaning representation, would be reinstated during pronoun resolution. By leveraging neural decoding techniques (i.e., representational similarity analysis) on a magnetoencephalogram data set acquired during a naturalistic story-listening task, we provide evidence that delta-band activity underlies referential meaning representation. Our findings suggest that, during spoken language comprehension, endogenous linguistic representations such as referential concepts may be proactively retrieved and represented via activation of their underlying dynamic neural patterns.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 7","pages":"1472-1492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0