Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第8页

Children's Memory for Events: The Challenge of Free Recall. 儿童对事件的记忆：自由回忆的挑战

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02221

Susan L Benear, Obinnaya J Onwukanjo, Ingrid R Olson, Nora S Newcombe

{"title":"Children's Memory for Events: The Challenge of Free Recall.","authors":"Susan L Benear, Obinnaya J Onwukanjo, Ingrid R Olson, Nora S Newcombe","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood is a critical period for episodic memory development, with sharp behavioral improvements between ages 4 to 7 years. Prior work has demonstrated this extensively with prompted memory tasks, but we explored performance on unprompted, free recall of a naturalistic experience in children, and how their performance relates to other cognitive measures. We asked children and adults to view a television episode, a naturalistic task for which there exists a ground truth, and assessed their free recall memory for the episode. Children's free recall performance improved dramatically with age, with many young children producing no verbal free recall whatsoever, although prompted recognition memory measures showed retention of material. However, the detail in free recall was related to both recognition and temporal order forced-choice memory performance in our full sample, showing agreement among memory measures. Free recall was strongly predicted by verbal skills, suggesting that children's sparse recall reflects verbal skill development rather than a pure mnemonic deficit. We propose that free recall has a more protracted developmental trajectory because it requires more substantial verbal skills as well as metacognitive skills that direct memory search, as compared with forced-choice memory tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Familiarity Alters the Bandwidth of Perceptual Awareness 熟悉改变知觉意识的带宽

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02140

Michael A. Cohen;Skyler Sung;Zaki Alaoui

{"title":"Familiarity Alters the Bandwidth of Perceptual Awareness","authors":"Michael A. Cohen;Skyler Sung;Zaki Alaoui","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02140","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02140","url":null,"abstract":"Results from paradigms like change blindness and inattentional blindness indicate that observers are unaware of numerous aspects of the visual world. However, intuition suggests that perceptual experience is richer than these results indicate. Why does it feel like we see so much when the data suggests we see so little? One possibility stems from the fact that experimental studies always present observers with stimuli that they have never seen before. Meanwhile, when forming intuitions about perceptual experience, observers reflect on their experiences with scenes with which they are highly familiar (e.g., their office). Does prior experience with a scene change the bandwidth of perceptual awareness? Here, we asked if observers were better at noticing alterations to the periphery in familiar scenes compared with unfamiliar scenes. We found that observers noticed changes to the periphery more frequently with familiar stimuli. Signal detection theoretic analyses revealed that when observers are unfamiliar with a stimulus, they are less sensitive at noticing (d′) and are more conservative in their response criterion (c). Taken together, these results suggest that prior knowledge expands the bandwidth of perceptual awareness. It should be stressed that these results challenge the widely held idea that prior knowledge fills in perception. Overall, these findings highlight how prior knowledge plays an important role in determining the limits of perceptual experience and is an important factor to consider when attempting to reconcile the tension between empirical observation and personal introspection.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1546-1556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entities, Uncertainties, and Behavioral Indicators of Consciousness 实体、不确定性和意识的行为指标。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02130

L. Syd M Johnson

引用次数: 0

Developmental Roots of Human Self-consciousness 人类自我意识的发展根源。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02117

Philippe Rochat

引用次数: 0

Metacognitive Awareness and the Subjective Experience of Remembering in Aphantasia 元认知意识与幻觉症患者记忆的主观体验

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02120

Michael J. Siena;Jon S. Simons

{"title":"Metacognitive Awareness and the Subjective Experience of Remembering in Aphantasia","authors":"Michael J. Siena;Jon S. Simons","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02120","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02120","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with aphantasia, a nonclinical condition typically characterized by mental imagery deficits, often report reduced episodic memory. However, findings have hitherto rested largely on subjective self-reports, with few studies experimentally investigating both objective and subjective aspects of episodic memory in aphantasia. In this study, we tested both aspects of remembering in aphantasic individuals using a custom 3-D object and spatial memory task that manipulated visuospatial perspective, which is considered to be a key factor determining the subjective experience of remembering. Objective and subjective measures of memory performance were taken for both object and spatial memory features under different perspective conditions. Surprisingly, aphantasic participants were found to be unimpaired on all objective memory measures, including those for object memory features, despite reporting weaker overall mental imagery experience and lower subjective vividness ratings on the memory task. These results add to newly emerging evidence that aphantasia is a heterogenous condition, where some aphantasic individuals may lack metacognitive awareness of mental imagery rather than mental imagery itself. In addition, we found that both participant groups remembered object memory features with greater precision when encoded and retrieved in the first person versus third person, suggesting a first-person perspective might facilitate subjective memory reliving by enhancing the representational quality of scene contents.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1578-1598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contributions of Basal Ganglia Circuits to Perception, Attention, and Consciousness 基底神经节回路对感知、注意力和意识的贡献

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02177

Michelle J. Redinbaugh;Yuri B. Saalmann

引用次数: 0

Neuroethics, Covert Consciousness, and Disability Rights: What Happens When Artificial Intelligence Meets Cognitive Motor Dissociation? 神经伦理学、隐蔽意识和残疾人权利：当人工智能遇到认知运动分离会发生什么？

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02157

Joseph J. Fins;Kaiulani S. Shulman

{"title":"Neuroethics, Covert Consciousness, and Disability Rights: What Happens When Artificial Intelligence Meets Cognitive Motor Dissociation?","authors":"Joseph J. Fins;Kaiulani S. Shulman","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02157","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02157","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider the intersection of cognitive motor dissociation (CMD) and artificial intelligence (AI), hence when CMD meets AI. In covert consciousness, there is a discordance between the observed behavior, the traditional bedside mode of assessment, and the response to volitional commands as depicted by neuroimaging or EEG studies. This alphabet soup of acronyms represents both the promise and peril of nascent technology in covert consciousness. On the diagnostic side, there is the complexity and uncertainty of identifying the discordance between cognitive activity and overt behavior. On the therapeutic side, when AI is used to generate speech, there is the possibility of misrepresenting the thoughts and intentions of those who are otherwise voiceless. This concordance of factors makes the application of AI to CMD worthy of deeper consideration. We offer this analysis in the spirit of anticipatory governance, a prudential process by which one plans to prevent or mitigate unintended consequences of novel technology. We first consider the normative challenges posed by CMD for clinical practice, neuroethics, and the law. We then explore the history of covert consciousness and the relationship of severe brain injury to the right-to-die movement, before introducing three biographies of brain injury that highlight the potential impact of disability bias or ableism in clinical practice, assistive technology, and translational research. Subsequently, we explore how AI might give voice to conscious individuals who are unable to communicate and the ethical challenges that this technology must overcome to promote human flourishing drawing upon what Nussbaum and Sen have described as a “capabilities approach” to promote normative reasoning.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1667-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model Virtues in Computational Cognitive Neuroscience 计算认知神经科学中的美德模型。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02183

Saskia Heijnen;Jan Sleutels;Roy de Kleijn

{"title":"Model Virtues in Computational Cognitive Neuroscience","authors":"Saskia Heijnen;Jan Sleutels;Roy de Kleijn","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02183","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02183","url":null,"abstract":"There is an abundance of computational models in cognitive neuroscience. A framework for what is desirable in a model, what justifies the introduction of a new one, or what makes one better than another is lacking, however. In this article, we examine key qualities (“virtues”) that are desirable in computational models, and how these are interrelated. To keep the scope of the article manageable, we focus on the field of cognitive control, where we identified six “model virtues”: empirical accuracy, empirical scope, functional analysis, causal detail, biological plausibility, and psychological plausibility. We first illustrate their use in published work on Stroop modeling and then discuss what expert modelers in the field of cognitive control said about them in a series of qualitative interviews. We found that virtues are interrelated and that their value depends on the modeler's goals, in ways that are not typically acknowledged in the literature. We recommend that researchers make the reasons for their modeling choices more explicit in published work. Our work is meant as a first step. Although our focus here is on cognitive control, we hope that our findings will spark discussion of virtues in other fields as well.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1683-1694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal Properties of Common Semantic Categories for Words and Pictures 文字和图片共同语义类别的时空属性

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02182

Yulia Bezsudnova;Andrew J. Quinn;Syanah C. Wynn;Ole Jensen

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Properties of Common Semantic Categories for Words and Pictures","authors":"Yulia Bezsudnova;Andrew J. Quinn;Syanah C. Wynn;Ole Jensen","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02182","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02182","url":null,"abstract":"The timing of semantic processing during object recognition in the brain is a topic of ongoing discussion. One way of addressing this question is by applying multivariate pattern analysis to human electrophysiological responses to object images of different semantic categories. However, although multivariate pattern analysis can reveal whether neuronal activity patterns are distinct for different stimulus categories, concerns remain on whether low-level visual features also contribute to the classification results. To circumvent this issue, we applied a cross-decoding approach to magnetoencephalography data from stimuli from two different modalities: images and their corresponding written words. We employed items from three categories and presented them in a randomized order. We show that if the classifier is trained on words, pictures are classified between 150 and 430 msec after stimulus onset, and when training on pictures, words are classified between 225 and 430 msec. The topographical map, identified using a searchlight approach for cross-modal activation in both directions, showed left lateralization, confirming the involvement of linguistic representations. These results point to semantic activation of pictorial stimuli occurring at ∼150 msec, whereas for words, the semantic activation occurs at ∼230 msec.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1760-1769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating Consciousness Science with Cognitive Neuroscience: An Introduction to the Special Focus 意识科学与认知神经科学的整合：特别关注介绍。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02193

Biyu J. He

{"title":"Integrating Consciousness Science with Cognitive Neuroscience: An Introduction to the Special Focus","authors":"Biyu J. He","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02193","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02193","url":null,"abstract":"Consciousness science is experiencing a coming-of-age moment. Following three decades of sustained efforts by a relatively small group of consciousness researchers, the field has seen exponential growth over the past 5 years. It is increasingly recognized that although the investigation of subjective experiences is a difficult task, modern neuroscience need not and cannot shy away from the challenge of peeling away the mysteries of conscious experiences. In June 2023, with the joint support of the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the U.S. National Science Foundation, a 3-day workshop was held at the Bethesda, MD, campus of the National Institutes of Health, convening experts whose work focuses primarily on problems of consciousness, or an adjacent field, to discuss the current state of consciousness science and consider the most fruitful avenues for future research. This Special Focus features empirical and theoretical contributions from some of the invited speakers at the workshop. Here, I will cover the scope of the workshop, the content of this Special Focus, and advocate for stronger bridges between consciousness science and other subdisciplines of cognitive neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"36 8","pages":"1541-1545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0