Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献

Neural and Behavioral Dynamics of Predictive Speech Planning. 预测性言语规划的神经和行为动力学。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.106

Emma Berthault, Sophie Chen, Sonja A Kotz, Daniele Schön

{"title":"Neural and Behavioral Dynamics of Predictive Speech Planning.","authors":"Emma Berthault, Sophie Chen, Sonja A Kotz, Daniele Schön","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.106","url":null,"abstract":"Timing and prediction are fundamental components of conversational dynamics, particularly in the estimation of turn-taking. While neural markers of predictive processing have been proposed in comprehension, their counterparts in speech production remain less well understood. In this study, we investigated these mechanisms using a combined EEG and behavioral approach with an oral sentence completion task. Participants viewed images that prompted them to produce a word completing a subsequently heard sentence. We systematically manipulated sentence repetition, length, and cloze probability to assess their effects on speech production timing and associated neural activity, focusing specifically on the readiness potential (RP) as an index of motor preparation. Our findings revealed that high-cloze-probability sentences elicited faster RTs, but only when participants had not yet formed predictions and when the sentences were relatively short. These faster RTs were also associated with a different RP amplitude. Moreover, RP dynamics were predictive of speech onset, suggesting that motor preparation plays an active role in response timing. Together, these results support a predictive decision-making framework for speech production, in which comprehension, prediction, and motor execution form a continuous, interactive process.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Experience of Deciding: An Electroencephalography Study. 决定的经验：一项脑电图研究。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.103

Paulius Rimkevičius, Tillmann Vierkant, Aaron Schurger

引用次数: 0

Ignoring Salient Distractors Inside and Outside the Attentional Window. 忽略注意力窗口内外的显著干扰。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.105

Xiaojin Ma, Steven J Luck, Nicholas Gaspelin

{"title":"Ignoring Salient Distractors Inside and Outside the Attentional Window.","authors":"Xiaojin Ma, Steven J Luck, Nicholas Gaspelin","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.105","url":null,"abstract":"There has been much debate about whether salient stimuli have an automatic power to distract us, with many conflicting results. The attentional window account proposes a potential resolution by suggesting that capture depends on the breadth of attentional focus. According to this account, when attention is broadly focused, salient stimuli will fall inside the attentional window and generate a salience signal that captures attention. When attention is narrowly focused, salient stimuli presented outside the window of attention cannot generate a salience signal that attracts attention. If true, this could explain many otherwise-contradictory findings, but this account has not been widely tested. The present study used a shape discrimination task to manipulate the spread of spatial attention and tested whether salient distractors inside versus outside the attended region capture attention. Attentional capture was assessed by the N2pc component and behavioral measures. Contrary to the predictions of the attentional window account, we found no evidence that capture by salient distractors depended on whether the salient distractor was inside or outside the attended window. Instead, our findings support models of attention, which allow feature-based control mechanisms to prevent capture by salient distractors.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experience-dependent Changes in the Visual Processing of Letters: Evidence from Electroencephalography Decoding. 字母视觉加工中的经验依赖变化：来自脑电图解码的证据。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.99

Kurt Winsler, Steven J Luck

{"title":"Experience-dependent Changes in the Visual Processing of Letters: Evidence from Electroencephalography Decoding.","authors":"Kurt Winsler, Steven J Luck","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.99","DOIUrl":"10.1162/JOCN.a.99","url":null,"abstract":"Learning to read involves the formation and tuning of letter representations, but it is unknown whether this orthographic tuning influences very early visual processing or only later processing. This study tested the hypothesis that experience increases the extraction of sensory information about letters by comparing the EEG activity elicited by upright and inverted letters. In a set of conventional univariate analyses, we found that inverted letters elicited larger P1 amplitudes (starting ca. 110 msec) and larger N170 amplitudes (starting ca.160 msec) compared with upright letters. These larger amplitudes could reflect enhanced processing, but they might instead reflect degraded processing. We therefore performed multivariate pattern classification (decoding) to assess the amount of information about letter identity in the neural signal. Specifically, we decoded which individual letter was presented from the pattern of voltage across the scalp at each time point. We found that decoding accuracy was greater for upright letters than for inverted letters during the P1 latency range (starting ca. 90 msec), particularly in electrodes over the left hemisphere. This provides evidence for enhanced tuning for upright letters in early visual processing. By contrast, we found higher decoding accuracy for inverted letters than for upright letters during and after the N170 component (starting ca.140 msec). These results demonstrate that massive experience with upright letters influences sensory processing, leading to enhanced feature extraction for highly familiar (upright) letter forms at an early stage, followed by enhanced neural discriminability for less familiar (inverted) letter forms at a later stage.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Real-time Reporting to Investigate Visual Experiences in Dreams. 利用实时报告研究梦中的视觉体验。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.107

Karen R Konkoly, Saba Al-Youssef, Christopher Y Mazurek, Remington Mallett, Daniel J Morris, Ana Gales, Isabelle Arnulf, Delphine Oudiette, Ken A Paller

{"title":"Using Real-time Reporting to Investigate Visual Experiences in Dreams.","authors":"Karen R Konkoly, Saba Al-Youssef, Christopher Y Mazurek, Remington Mallett, Daniel J Morris, Ana Gales, Isabelle Arnulf, Delphine Oudiette, Ken A Paller","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.107","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroscientific investigations of human dreaming have been hampered by reliance on dream recall after awakening. For example, a challenge of associating EEG features with post-waking dream reports is that they are subject to distortion, forgetting, and poor temporal precision. In this study, we used real-time reporting to investigate whether one of the most robust features of the waking visual system, increased alpha oscillations upon closing one's eyes, also applies when people dream of closing their eyes. We studied 13 people, four with narcolepsy and nine without, who experienced many lucid dreams-they were aware they were dreaming while remaining asleep. They reported on both their dream experiences (visual percepts present/absent) and dream-eyelid status (open/closed) using a novel communication technique; they produced distinctive sniffing patterns according to presleep instructions. We observed these signals in respiration recordings from a nasal cannula. These physiological signals enabled analyses of time-locked neural activity during REM sleep. We recorded 150 signals over 19 sessions from 11 individuals. Robust increases in alpha power were not found after signaled dream-eye closure. Remarkably, the experience of eye closure while dreaming was associated with fading visual content only about half the time. Comparing presence versus absence of visual content was possible only in three participants, who showed increased alpha power in association with a momentary lack of visual content. Enlisting dreamers to actively control and report on ongoing dream experiences in this way thus opens new avenues for dynamic investigations of dreams-the illusory perceptions that haunt our sleep.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shared and Unique Connectivity Signatures of Reading and Language Deficits. 阅读和语言缺陷的共享和独特连接特征。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.98

Mia C Daucourt, Matthew Rosenblatt, Jan C Frijters, Joan M Bosson-Heenan, Jeffrey R Gruen, Dustin Scheinost

{"title":"Shared and Unique Connectivity Signatures of Reading and Language Deficits.","authors":"Mia C Daucourt, Matthew Rosenblatt, Jan C Frijters, Joan M Bosson-Heenan, Jeffrey R Gruen, Dustin Scheinost","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.98","url":null,"abstract":"Reading ability depends on multiple cognitive skills, including decoding and language comprehension, which can vary widely across individuals-even among those with similarly low reading performance. To better understand the brain basis of this variability, we used connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to identify large-scale functional connectivity patterns associated with reading and language skills in a population-based sample. Cross-sectional CPM models were trained using functional connectivity data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (n = 6894) and tested in two independent cohorts: the New Haven Lexinome Project and the Genes, Reading, and Dyslexia study (combined n = 136). Functional connectivity measures included both resting- and task-based scans. Reading and language were measured with psychometric tests of word reading and vocabulary, respectively. CPM models significantly predicted reading (r = .24) and language (r = .28) scores in the discovery sample and generalized to an external sample (rs = .23 and .19). Anatomically, the reading and language models showed significant overlap, with the medial frontal network emerging as most predictive in both. However, these models exhibited distinct generalization patterns to children with decoding versus language comprehension difficulties-classified using 20th percentile cutoffs-highlighting their neural specificity. Reading and language models included distinct connectivity signatures and generalized differently to children with decoding versus language comprehension difficulties. These findings demonstrate that although reading and language abilities are behaviorally related, they are supported by partially distinct neural architectures. Integrating behavioral and neuroimaging data may clarify specific brain-behavior relationships and inform more tailored interventions for children with reading and language difficulties.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When a Man Says He Is Pregnant: Event-related Potential Evidence for a Rational Account of Speaker-contextualized Language Comprehension. 当一个男人说他怀孕了：说话者语境化语言理解的理性解释的事件相关的潜在证据。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.102

Hanlin Wu, Zhenguang G Cai

{"title":"When a Man Says He Is Pregnant: Event-related Potential Evidence for a Rational Account of Speaker-contextualized Language Comprehension.","authors":"Hanlin Wu, Zhenguang G Cai","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.102","url":null,"abstract":"Spoken language is often, if not always, understood in a context formed by the identity of the speaker. For example, we can easily make sense of an utterance such as \"I'm going to have a manicure this weekend\" or \"The first time I got pregnant I had a hard time\" when spoken by a woman, but it would be harder to understand when it is spoken by a man. Previous ERP studies have shown mixed results regarding the neurophysiological responses to such speaker-content mismatches, with some reporting an N400 effect and others a P600 effect. In an EEG experiment involving 64 participants, we used social and biological mismatches as test cases to demonstrate how these distinct ERP patterns reflect different aspects of rational inference. We showed that when the mismatch involves social stereotypes (e.g., men getting a manicure), listeners can arrive at a \"literal\" interpretation by integrating the content with their social knowledge, though this integration requires additional effort due to stereotype violations-resulting in an N400 effect. In contrast, when the mismatch involves biological knowledge (e.g., men getting pregnant), a \"literal\" interpretation becomes highly implausible or impossible, leading listeners to treat the input as potentially containing errors and engage in correction processes-resulting in a P600 effect. Supporting this rational inference framework, we found that the social N400 effect decreased as a function of the listener's personality trait of openness (as more open-minded individuals maintain more flexible social expectations), while the biological P600 effect remained robust (as biological constraints are recognized regardless of individual personalities). Our findings help to reconcile empirical inconsistencies and reveal how rational inference shapes speaker-contextualized language comprehension. We demonstrate how listeners flexibly adapt its processing strategy based on contextual information, which may be part of the general information-processing principles of the human brain.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Capturing the Attentional Trade-off between Speech Planning and Comprehension. 抓住言语计划和理解之间的注意力权衡。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.97

Cecília Hustá, Antje Meyer

{"title":"Capturing the Attentional Trade-off between Speech Planning and Comprehension.","authors":"Cecília Hustá, Antje Meyer","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.97","url":null,"abstract":"In conversation, future speakers often plan speech simultaneously with comprehension, which means that they must divide attentional resources between these processes. In this EEG study, we used responses to linguistic attention probes (i.e., syllable \"BA\" presented during spoken sentences) to track temporal variations in attention to comprehension. Participants were asked to listen to prerecorded sentences with expected or unexpected sentence-final words. Each sentence was presented twice, once with and once without the attention probe starting 100 msec after the target word onset. Participants saw a picture 50 msec before the target word. Depending on the test block (picture naming or button press), participants either named the picture or pressed the space bar, both after an 850-msec delay. The probes elicited a negative potential approximately 100 msec after probe onset (i.e., an attention probe effect) in all probe conditions. Unexpectedly, neither word expectancy nor speech planning influenced the timing or strength of the attention probe effect. This indicates that expectancy of words in Dutch does not affect the allocation of attention toward these words 100 msec after their onset (i.e., the time of the probe presentation). Interestingly, engaging in speech planning does not seem to divert attentional resources away from comprehension at the moment of probe presentation. These findings imply that listeners are able to effectively distribute their attentional resources between comprehension and speech planning and carry out these processes at the same time. Considering these unexpected findings, using attention probes might not be the best approach to capture variations in temporal attention in dual-task paradigms.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain Dynamics during Architectural Experience: Prefrontal and Hippocampal Regions Track Aesthetics and Spatial Complexity. 建筑体验中的脑动力学：前额叶和海马体区域跟踪美学和空间复杂性。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.104

Lara Gregorians, Zita Patai, Pablo Fernandez Velasco, Fiona E Zisch, Hugo J Spiers

{"title":"Brain Dynamics during Architectural Experience: Prefrontal and Hippocampal Regions Track Aesthetics and Spatial Complexity.","authors":"Lara Gregorians, Zita Patai, Pablo Fernandez Velasco, Fiona E Zisch, Hugo J Spiers","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.104","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural experience involves processing the spatial layout of an environment and our emotional reaction to it. However, these two processes are largely studied separately. Here, we used fMRI and first-person movies of journeys through buildings and cities to determine the contribution of different brain regions to spatial and aesthetic aspects of the built environment. During scanning, participants watched 48 movies that show first-person-view travel through different spaces; immediately after each video, they either judged the spatial layout complexity or valence of the environment. After scanning, participants took part in a debrief session that revealed how memorable each space encountered was. Activity in brain regions previously linked to valence processing (e.g., ventromedial pFC) was modulated by aesthetic qualities of the stimuli (i.e., increased for pleasant spaces compared to unpleasant spaces) and the task (more active when judging valence), whereas activity in brain regions linked with spatial processing (e.g., parahippocampal regions) increased in complex layouts compared to simple layouts. The hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex were associated with the memorability of spaces and were modulated by both aesthetic and spatial qualities. We also tested for curvature, fascination, coherence, and hominess-qualities linked to aesthetic judgement in architecture. We replicated findings activating right lingual gyrus for fascination, left inferior occipital gyrus for coherence, and left cuneus for hominess and found inverse computational curvature activated spatial, valence, and visual processing regions. Overall, these findings provide important insights into how different brain regions respond while experiencing new buildings and city spaces, which is needed to advance the field of neuroarchitecture.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Familiar Distal Landmarks on Goal Representation: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. 熟悉的远端标志对目标表征的影响：功能性磁共振成像研究。

IF 3 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1162/JOCN.a.101

Yuanqi Cai, Junjing Wang, Yidan Qiu, Ruiwang Huang

{"title":"Influence of Familiar Distal Landmarks on Goal Representation: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.","authors":"Yuanqi Cai, Junjing Wang, Yidan Qiu, Ruiwang Huang","doi":"10.1162/JOCN.a.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN.a.101","url":null,"abstract":"Humans can perceive their relative position to the goal according to distal landmark cues (DLCs), which are cues situated in the distance and beyond the navigation scope. Specifically, familiar DLCs can facilitate the accuracy of spatial representations in human navigation. It is still unclear how human brain infers the distance and direction deviation to the goal through familiar DLCs. To address this question, we invited 26 young healthy adults to learn the locations of eight objects in a virtual reality arena with DLCs. We used two metrics: Euclidean distance (ED) for measuring distance and minimal angle (MA) for measuring direction. We then tested their direction and distance memory in the previous arena with familiar DLCs during fMRI scanning and in a different arena with unfamiliar DLCs. We performed a moderation analysis, which showed that the DLCs' familiarity moderated the influence of the ED to the goals (EDg) on end point location error evaluated by the ED (EDe). A univariate analysis on the task-fMRI data showed that the right SMA was related to the modulation of DLCs' familiarity on the relationship between EDg and EDe. Multivariate analyses on the fMRI data showed that the parahippocampal gyrus and retrosplenial cortex represented EDg in the direction memory retrieval, whereas thalamus and OFC represented both EDg and MA deviation from the goal (MAg) in the distance memory retrieval. These results provide insights into the neural mechanisms for the enhancement of DLCs in encoding relative position from the goal in spatial navigation.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0