Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献

Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory. 事件分割促进情感记忆重组

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02244

Patrick A F Laing, Joseph E Dunsmoor

{"title":"Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory.","authors":"Patrick A F Laing, Joseph E Dunsmoor","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02244","url":null,"abstract":"Event boundaries help structure the content of episodic memories by segmenting continuous experiences into discrete events. Event boundaries may also serve to preserve meaningful information within an event, thereby actively separating important memories from interfering representations imposed by past and future events. Here, we tested the hypothesis that event boundaries organize emotional memory based on changing dynamics as events unfold. We developed a novel threat-reversal learning task whereby participants encoded trial-unique exemplars from two semantic categories across three phases: preconditioning, fear acquisition, and reversal. Shock contingencies were established for one category during acquisition (CS+) and then switched to the other during reversal (CS-). Importantly, reversal either was separated by a perceptible event boundary (Experiment 1) or occurred immediately after acquisition, with no perceptible context shift (Experiment 2). In a surprise recognition memory test the next day, memory performance tracked the learning contingencies from encoding in Experiment 1, such that participants selectively recognized more threat-associated CS+ exemplars from before (retroactive) and during acquisition, but this pattern reversed toward CS- exemplars encoded during reversal. By contrast, participants with continuous encoding-without a boundary between conditioning and reversal-exhibited undifferentiated memory for exemplars from both categories encoded before acquisition and after reversal. Further analyses highlight nuanced effects of event boundaries on reversing conditioned fear, updating mnemonic generalization, and emotional biasing of temporal source memory. These findings suggest that event boundaries provide anchor points to organize memory for distinctly meaningful information, thereby adaptively structuring memory based on the content of our experiences.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural Correlates of Visual Feature Binding. 视觉特征绑定的神经相关性

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02243

Tony Ro, Allison M Pierce, Michaela Porubanova, Miriam San Lucas

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Neural Basis of the Loud-first Principle of the Iambic-Trochaic Law. 探究音步三部律中响亮优先原则的神经基础

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02241

Fernando Llanos Lucas, Timothy Stump, Megan Crowhurst

{"title":"Investigating the Neural Basis of the Loud-first Principle of the Iambic-Trochaic Law.","authors":"Fernando Llanos Lucas, Timothy Stump, Megan Crowhurst","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02241","url":null,"abstract":"The perception of rhythmic patterns is crucial for the recognition of words in spoken languages, yet it remains unclear how these patterns are represented in the brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rhythmic patterns are encoded by neural activity phase-locked to the temporal modulation of these patterns in the speech signal. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed EEGs evoked with long sequences of alternating syllables acoustically manipulated to be perceived as a series of different rhythmic groupings in English. We found that the magnitude of the EEG at the syllable and grouping rates of each sequence was significantly higher than the noise baseline, indicating that the neural parsing of syllables and rhythmic groupings operates at different timescales. Distributional differences between the scalp topographies associated with each timescale suggests a further mechanistic dissociation between the neural segmentation of syllables and groupings. In addition, we observed that the neural tracking of louder syllables, which in trochaic languages like English are associated with the beginning of rhythmic groupings, was more robust than the neural tracking of softer syllables. The results of further bootstrapping and brain-behavior analyses indicate that the perception of rhythmic patterns is modulated by the magnitude of grouping alternations in the neural signal. These findings suggest that the temporal coding of rhythmic patterns in stress-based languages like English is supported by temporal regularities that are linguistically relevant in the speech signal.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Threat Impairs the Organization of Memory Around Motivational Context. 威胁会损害围绕动机情境的记忆组织

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02242

Elizabeth A Horwath, Brandon S Katerman, Meryl Biju, Sarah DuBrow, Vishnu P Murty

{"title":"Threat Impairs the Organization of Memory Around Motivational Context.","authors":"Elizabeth A Horwath, Brandon S Katerman, Meryl Biju, Sarah DuBrow, Vishnu P Murty","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02242","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work highlighted a critical role for top-down goals in shifting memory organization, namely, through studying the downstream influences of event segmentation and task switching on free recall. Here, we extend these frameworks into the realm of motivation, by comparing how threat motivation influences memory organization by capturing free recall dynamics. In Study 1, we manipulated individuals' motivation to successfully encode information by the threat of exposure to aversive sounds for forgetting. In Study 2, we conducted a parallel study manipulating motivation via instruction rather than threat, allowing us to examine changes directly related to threat motivation. Our findings showed that motivation to avoid threat broadly enhances memory for items presented within a threatening context, regardless of whether items were directly associated with the threat or not. Concurrently, these memory enhancements coincide with a decrease in the organization of memory around motivationally relevant features. These results highlight the importance of considering motivational valence when conceptualizing memory organization within adaptive memory frameworks.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Affects Working-memory Performance via Posterior Beta-band Oscillations 单脉冲经颅磁刺激通过后贝塔波段振荡影响工作记忆能力

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02194

Jacqueline M. Fulvio;Saskia Haegens;Bradley R. Postle

{"title":"Single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Affects Working-memory Performance via Posterior Beta-band Oscillations","authors":"Jacqueline M. Fulvio;Saskia Haegens;Bradley R. Postle","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02194","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02194","url":null,"abstract":"A single pulse of TMS (spTMS) during the delay period of a double serial retrocuing working-memory task can briefly rescue decodability of an unprioritized memory item (UMI). This physiological phenomenon, which is paralleled in behavior by involuntary retrieval of the UMI, is carried by the beta frequency band, implicating beta-band dynamics in priority coding in working memory. We decomposed EEG data from 12 participants performing double serial retrocuing with concurrent delivery of spTMS using Spatially distributed PhAse Coupling Extraction. This procedure decomposes the scalp-level signal into a set of discrete coupled oscillators, each with a component strength that can vary over time. The decomposition revealed a diversity of low-frequency components, a subset of them strengthening with the onset of the task, and the majority declining in strength across the trial, as well as within each delay period. Results with spTMS revealed no evidence that it works by activating previously “silent” sources; instead, it had the effect of modulating ongoing activity, specifically by exaggerating the within-delay decrease in strength of posterior beta components. Furthermore, the magnitude of the effect of spTMS on the loading strength of a posterior beta component correlated with the disruptive effect of spTMS on performance, a pattern also seen when analyses were restricted to trials with “UMI-lure” memory probes. Rather than reflecting the “activation” of a putatively “activity silent” UMI, these results implicate beta-band dynamics in a mechanism that distinguishes prioritized from unprioritized, and suggest that the effect of spTMS is to disrupt this code.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Same Same, But Different: Brain Areas Underlying the Learning from Repetitive Episodic Prediction Errors 同中有异：从重复性偶发预测错误中学习的脑区基础

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02204

Benjamin Jainta;Anoushiravan Zahedi;Ricarda I. Schubotz

{"title":"Same Same, But Different: Brain Areas Underlying the Learning from Repetitive Episodic Prediction Errors","authors":"Benjamin Jainta;Anoushiravan Zahedi;Ricarda I. Schubotz","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02204","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02204","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction errors (PEs) function as learning signals. It is yet unclear how varying compared to repetitive PEs affect episodic memory in brain and behavior. The current study investigated cerebral and behavioral effects of experiencing either multiple alternative versions (“varying”) or one single alternative version (“repetitive”) of a previously encoded episode. Participants encoded a set of episodes (“originals”) by watching videos showing toy stories. During scanning, participants either experienced originals, one single, or multiple alternative versions of the previously encoded episodes. Participants' memory performance was tested through recall of original objects. Varying and repetitive PEs revealed typical brain responses to the detection of mismatching information including inferior frontal and posterior parietal regions, as well as hippocampus, which is further linked to memory reactivation, and the amygdala, known for modulating memory consolidation. Furthermore, experiencing varying and repetitive PEs triggered distinct brain areas as revealed by direct contrast. Among others, experiencing varying versions triggered activity in the caudate, a region that has been associated with PEs. In contrast, repetitive PEs activated brain areas that resembled more those for retrieval of originally encoded episodes. Thus, ACC and posterior cingulate cortex activation seemed to serve both reactivating old and integrating new but similar information in episodic memory. Consistent with neural findings, participants recalled original objects less accurately when only presented with the same, but not varying, PE during fMRI. The current findings suggest that repeated PEs interact more strongly with a recalled original episodic memory than varying PEs.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performing a Motor Action Enhances Social Reward Processing and Modulates the Neural Processing of Predictive Cues 执行一个动作会增强社会奖赏处理并调节预测线索的神经处理。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02184

Caroline Di Bernardi Luft;Iman Atchoum;Frederike Beyer

{"title":"Performing a Motor Action Enhances Social Reward Processing and Modulates the Neural Processing of Predictive Cues","authors":"Caroline Di Bernardi Luft;Iman Atchoum;Frederike Beyer","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02184","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02184","url":null,"abstract":"Associative learning affects many areas of human behavior. Recently, we showed that the neural response to monetary reward is enhanced by performing an action, suggesting interactions between neural systems controlling motor behavior and reward processing. Given that many psychiatric disorders are associated with social anhedonia, a key open question is whether such effects generalize to social rewards, and in how far they affect associative learning. We developed a novel task in which participants (n = 66) received social reward feedback and social punishment either by pressing a button or waiting. Predictive cues were linked to feedback valence with 80% accuracy. Using EEG, we measured the neural response to both predictive cues and social feedback. We found enhanced reward positivity for social reward preceded by an action, and an enhanced N2 for cues predicting negative feedback. Cue-locked P3 amplitude was reduced for cues associated with negative feedback in passive trials only, showing a modulation of outcome anticipation by performing a motor action. This was supported by connectivity analyses showing stronger directed theta synchronization, in line with increased top–down modulation of attention, in active compared with passive trials. These findings suggest that actively obtaining social feedback enhances reward sensitivity and modulates outcome anticipation.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10638506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct Retrieval of Orthographic Representations in Chinese Handwritten Production: Evidence from a Dynamic Causal Modeling Study 中文手写输入中正字法表征的直接检索：来自动态因果建模研究的证据

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02176

Jieying He;Qingfang Zhang

引用次数: 0

Neural and Physiological Correlates of Prosocial Behavior: Temporoparietal Junction Activity in 3-year-old Children 亲社会行为的神经和生理相关性：3岁儿童颞顶叶交界处的活动。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02199

Eriko Yamamoto;Masakazu Hirokawa;Eleuda Nunez;Yoko Hakuno;Kazuki Sekine;Saeka Miyahara;Kenji Suzuki;Yasuyo Minagawa

{"title":"Neural and Physiological Correlates of Prosocial Behavior: Temporoparietal Junction Activity in 3-year-old Children","authors":"Eriko Yamamoto;Masakazu Hirokawa;Eleuda Nunez;Yoko Hakuno;Kazuki Sekine;Saeka Miyahara;Kenji Suzuki;Yasuyo Minagawa","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02199","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02199","url":null,"abstract":"Although the development of prosocial behavior has been widely studied from the behavioral aspect, the neural mechanisms underlying prosocial behavior in the early stages of development remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the emergence of prosocial behavior in 3-year-old children. Brain activity in the medial pFC and right TPJ (rTPJ) and facial expression activity, which are related to the ability to infer others' mental states (mentalizing), during the observation of prosocial and antisocial scenes were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electromyography, respectively. Subsequently, the children's helping and comforting behaviors toward an experimenter were assessed to examine prosocial behavioral tendencies. A correlation analysis revealed that the children who showed stronger activity levels in the rTPJ while observing prosocial scenes had more immediate helping behaviors toward others than those who did not show stronger response levels. Moreover, the amount of facial expression activity correlated with prosocial behavior, including both helping and comforting behaviors. These results suggest that the development of mentalizing ability and the social evaluation of others' actions, mediated by the rTPJ, contribute to the emergence of prosocial behavior.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Action Segmentation in the Brain: The Role of Object–Action Associations 大脑中的动作分割：物体-动作关联的作用

IF 3.1 3区医学

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02210

Jennifer Pomp;Annika Garlichs;Tomas Kulvicius;Minija Tamosiunaite;Moritz F. Wurm;Anoushiravan Zahedi;Florentin Wörgötter;Ricarda I. Schubotz

{"title":"Action Segmentation in the Brain: The Role of Object–Action Associations","authors":"Jennifer Pomp;Annika Garlichs;Tomas Kulvicius;Minija Tamosiunaite;Moritz F. Wurm;Anoushiravan Zahedi;Florentin Wörgötter;Ricarda I. Schubotz","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02210","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02210","url":null,"abstract":"Motion information has been argued to be central to the subjective segmentation of observed actions. Concerning object-directed actions, object-associated action information might as well inform efficient action segmentation and prediction. The present study compared the segmentation and neural processing of object manipulations and equivalent dough ball manipulations to elucidate the effect of object–action associations. Behavioral data corroborated that objective relational changes in the form of (un-)touchings of objects, hand, and ground represent meaningful anchor points in subjective action segmentation rendering them objective marks of meaningful event boundaries. As expected, segmentation behavior became even more systematic for the weakly informative dough. fMRI data were modeled by critical subjective, and computer-vision-derived objective event boundaries. Whole-brain as well as planned ROI analyses showed that object information had significant effects on how the brain processes these boundaries. This was especially pronounced at untouchings, that is, events that announced the beginning of the upcoming action and might be the point where competing predictions are aligned with perceptual input to update the current action model. As expected, weak object–action associations at untouching events were accompanied by increased biological motion processing, whereas strong object–action associations came with an increased contextual associative information processing, as indicated by increased parahippocampal activity. Interestingly, anterior inferior parietal lobule activity increased for weak object–action associations at untouching events, presumably because of an unrestricted number of candidate actions for dough manipulation. Our findings offer new insights into the significance of objects for the segmentation of action.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10638496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0