{"title":"Seminal Vesicle-Derived Exosomes for the Regulation of Sperm Activity.","authors":"Wei-Chao Chang, Sheng-Hsiang Li, Pei-Shiue Tsai","doi":"10.1007/102_2024_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/102_2024_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The seminal vesicle contributes to a large extent of the semen volume and composition. Removal of seminal vesicle or lack of seminal vesicle proteins leads to decreased fertility. Seminal plasma proteome revealed that seminal fluid contained a wide diversity of proteins. Many of them are known to modulate sperm capacitation and serve as capacitation inhibitors or decapacitation factors. Despite identifying secretory vesicles from the male reproductive tract, such as epididymosomes or prostasomes, isolation, identification, and characterization of seminal vesicle-derived exosomes are still unknown. This chapter aims to review the current understanding of the function of seminal vesicles on sperm physiology and male reproduction and provide ultracentrifugation-based isolation protocols for the isolation of seminal vesicle exosomes. Moreover, via proteomic analysis and functional categorization, a total of 726 proteins IDs were identified in the purified seminal vesicle exosomes fraction. Preliminary data showed seminal vesicle-derived exosomes inhibited sperm capacitation; however, more studies will be needed to reveal other functional involvements of seminal vesicle-derived exosomes on the sperm physiology and, more importantly, how these exosomes interact with sperm membrane to achieve their biological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"105-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Andreas Vesalius, 2010-2020: New Discoveries and New Contexts.","authors":"Vivian Nutton","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The story of Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), the most famous of all anatomists, has been profoundly changed by two recent discoveries and the publication of a major survey. The appearance of Vesalius' annotated copy of the 1555 edition of the Fabrica showed that he had planned a further edition of his great work, but it was never published. A 2012 article discussed the annotations in detail, and the most significant changes were translated in the 2014 Karger English translation of the Fabrica. Similar annotations reveal his plans for a second edition of his Institutiones, a student guide to anatomy that he published in 1538. His revision was left incomplete when he switched his attention to the Fabrica. An English version of the Institutiones appeared in 2017, along with a detailed list of the Vesalian revisions. The 2018 census of copies of the Fabrica, by contrast, shows how his book was received by contemporaries and by later owners, challenging many previous suppositions about how the great book was read.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"242 ","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robert Carswell's Pathological Anatomy: Artistry and Visual Truth.","authors":"Allister Neher","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical professionals do not devote much time to thinking about what anatomical illustrations accomplish and how they function as instruments of learning. At the same time, the history of anatomy is marked by strikingly illustrated treatises and atlases that are renowned for their images. Until the last three or four decades very little has been written about why these illustrations are so noteworthy as images and how, as images, they contributed to the growth of knowledge. The purpose of this chapter is to bring together art and epistemology in a discussion of how anatomical illustrations function as cognitive instruments in the development of knowledge and how they use the resources of the visual arts to do that persuasively. The focus of the discussion is Robert Carswell's Pathological Anatomy: Illustrations of the Elementary Forms of Disease, a landmark publication from 1838 in the history of pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"242 ","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Richard Owen's Golgotha: Lancaster Castle and the Prisoner's Head that Rolled.","authors":"Bryan Rhodes","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1844 and 1845, Hood's Magazine published a series of Gothic stories under the pen name of 'Gideon Shaddoe'. Two of the series have since been shown to feature a rare collaboration between William Broderip and Richard Owen, then Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy at London's Royal College of Surgeons and later the founding superintendent of the British Museum (Natural History). Owen had served his surgical apprenticeship in Lancaster in the 1820s. This chapter explores the possibility that the second of these collaborations was based upon a real event from the early period of Owen's apprenticeship. I also discuss Richard Owen's early interest in human anatomy and racial craniology and how this influenced his lifelong comparative craniological research and collection in the context of nineteenth-century racial science.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"242 ","pages":"123-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Orama Méar, Pei-Shiue Tsai, Cottrell Tangella Tamessar, John Even Schjenken, Brett Nixon
{"title":"Epididymosomes: Composition and Functions for Sperm Maturation.","authors":"Laura Orama Méar, Pei-Shiue Tsai, Cottrell Tangella Tamessar, John Even Schjenken, Brett Nixon","doi":"10.1007/102_2024_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/102_2024_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides an overview of literature pertaining to epididymosome origin, composition and their functional significance. Broadly, epididymosomes are defined as extracellular vesicles that are secreted by the epididymal epithelium and thereafter facilitate intercellular communication within the male reproductive tract. Epididymosomes fulfil this communication role via their encapsulation and delivery of a diverse macromolecular payload to recipient cells. This complex cargo includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are delivered to maturing spermatozoa, thereby influencing their viability and function. Additionally, epididymosomes have been implicated in the post-translational modification of intrinsic sperm proteins, protection of sperm from oxidative stress and immune surveillance, and in the transmission of epigenetic information capable of mediating intergenerational effects. Hence, continued research into the biogenesis, cargo composition, and functional significance of epididymosomes holds promise for advancing male reproductive health and fertility treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"89-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matheus A Chaves, Juliana G Ferst, Mariani F Fiorenza, Franciele F Vit, Juliano C da Silveira
{"title":"The Influence of Ovarian-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Reproduction.","authors":"Matheus A Chaves, Juliana G Ferst, Mariani F Fiorenza, Franciele F Vit, Juliano C da Silveira","doi":"10.1007/102_2024_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/102_2024_9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this chapter, we explore the multifaceted roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ovarian biology, focusing on their contributions to folliculogenesis, oocyte competence, corpus luteum function, and immune response regulation. EVs, particularly those derived from follicular fluid (ffEVs), are crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication within the ovarian follicle, influencing processes such as meiotic progression, stress response, and hormonal regulation. We review preexisting literature, highlighting key findings on the molecular cargo of EVs, such as miRNAs and proteins, and their involvement in regulating the function of the follicle cells. Additionally, the influence of EVs on the immune responses within the ovary was also addressed. Some attention is given to the potential of EVs as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic tools, particularly in addressing conditions like premature ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome. By discussing the existing challenges and emerging research, we hope that this chapter will provide a deeper understanding of EVs' therapeutic potential and offer insights or suggestions for advancing assisted reproductive technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"123-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Christopher Addison (1869-1951): Distinguished Anatomist and Politician.","authors":"Michael C Collins","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_13","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Christopher Addison enjoyed two careers, one as an anatomist followed by that as a politician. He described the detailed topographical anatomy of the abdomen, and his name is associated with one of its key anatomical planes. His political career was influenced by his commitment to social reform and for the need for improvement in public health achieved through government intervention. He held several ministerial offices, and he was the first Minister for Health. He played important roles in the passage of the National Insurance Act 1911 and introduced the Housing and Town Planning Act 1919. Following the Second World War, he was responsible as Leader of the House of Lords for the passage of legislation including that related to the formation of the National Health Service.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"242 ","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rise and Tragic Fall of Charles Averill MRCS (1796-1830), Gentleman Surgeon of Cheltenham.","authors":"Hilary S Morris","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_11","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-16680-7_11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Charles Averill (1796-1830) was a Cheltenham surgeon who wrote one of the early textbooks for medical students promoting the increased use of human dissection to specifically improve the surgical techniques of the time. The success of this new type of medical text led to three editions being printed both in Britain, North America and Europe. Whilst holding the post of Surgeon at the Cheltenham Dispensary, he also became the first joint curator of the anatomy museum and published a design for the first modern operating table. Having been trained by Sir Astley Cooper, the two surgeons retained a strong professional connection until Averill's tragic fall from a horse at the age of 33. Averill and his achievements remain absent from medical history due to the very fragmented evidence that surrounds his short life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"242 ","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Barth, Viv E A Perry, Lauren E Hamilton, Peter Sutovsky, Richard Oko
{"title":"Bovine Spermatogenesis.","authors":"Albert Barth, Viv E A Perry, Lauren E Hamilton, Peter Sutovsky, Richard Oko","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70126-9_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-70126-9_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intent of this chapter is to provide a morphological foundation in the normal cellular process of bovine gamete development so that abnormalities occurring are recognizable. The knowledge gained here is essential to begin to understand the significance of many of the common bull sperm abnormalities encountered in the clinics. Spermatogenesis is divided into three phases (i. e., Mitosis, Meiosis and Spermiogenesis) all happening in the seminiferous epithelium. The 'Cycle of the Bovine Seminiferous Epithelium' is explained in relation to these phases. Information is provided as to how to identify the stages of the bovine cycle and the steps of spermiogenesis at the histological and ultrastructural levels in preparation to recognize where and when in the cycle a spermatid abnormality arises. Spermiogenesis, the last phase of spermatogenesis, is the most revealing phase to recognize gamete abnormalities as this is where spermatid head and tail differentiation take place and spermatid compartments materialize. The formation of the nucleus, acrosome, manchette, perinuclear theca, axoneme, outer dense fibers, fibrous sheath, connecting piece and mitochondrial sheath occur during this phase and are evaluated. The origins and assembly of a number of essential proteins compartmentalizing the sperm head and tail as well as defects arising during spermiogenesis are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"240 ","pages":"65-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Barth, Viv E A Perry, Lauren E Hamilton, Peter Sutovsky, Richard Oko
{"title":"Mechanisms of Development of Sperm Defects.","authors":"Albert Barth, Viv E A Perry, Lauren E Hamilton, Peter Sutovsky, Richard Oko","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-70126-9_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-70126-9_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intention of this chapter is to provide insights on the possible causes and disruptive mechanisms in play of some commonly occurring bull sperm abnormalities. Consideration is given to mutations of genes, inhibition of enzymes, deficiencies of trace elements, toxins, simulated stress, hormonal changes, hypoosmolarity and cold shock that cause similar disruptive phenotypes in development and structure seen in commonly occurring bull sperm abnormalities. The possible causes and disruptive mechanisms of the following bull sperm defects, arising from the above research, are evaluated: Tail stump, Decapitations, Dag, Dag-like, Short tail, Pseudodoplet, Segmental aplasia of the mitochondrial sheath, Coiled tails, Knobbed and Nuclear vacuolation. In addition, the idea arising from murid research, that mutations affecting sperm head shape most always affect motility, while mutations affecting sperm tail formation rarely affect sperm head shape is considered. Examples of mutations in genes or inhibition of enzymes involved with the early stages of acrosome formation are given that lead to a variety of 'globozoospermic-like' sperm head phenotypes all of which are associated with various degrees of aberrant sperm tail morphologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"240 ","pages":"281-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}