Tanya Hans Pierre, Eliana Toren, Jessica Kepple, Chad S Hunter
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引用次数: 0
摘要
表观遗传学领域广泛寻求定义细胞内发生的遗传表型修饰,而不改变基本的 DNA 序列。这些修饰可以精确控制细胞类型之间的功能并使其具有特异性--最终形成复杂的器官系统,这些系统都含有相同的 DNA,但只能获得其细胞类型特异性功能所需的基因和序列。胰腺是一个包含不同细胞区的器官,其功能从高度调节的葡萄糖刺激β细胞分泌胰岛素,到胰腺导管细胞形成紧密的上皮衬里输送消化酶。随着全球糖尿病病例的增加,了解驱动β细胞特性、功能甚至疾病的表观遗传机制尤为重要。在本章中,我们将讨论胰岛细胞中已知的表观遗传修饰、它们是如何沉积的,以及环境和新陈代谢对表观遗传机制的贡献。我们还将探讨如何将对表观遗传效应因子的深入了解用作糖尿病治疗策略的工具。
Epigenetic Regulation of Pancreas Development and Function.
The field of epigenetics broadly seeks to define heritable phenotypic modifications that occur within cells without changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications allow for precise control and specificity of function between cell types-ultimately creating complex organ systems that all contain the same DNA but only have access to the genes and sequences necessary for their cell-type-specific functions. The pancreas is an organ that contains varied cellular compartments with functions ranging from highly regulated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the β-cell to the pancreatic ductal cells that form a tight epithelial lining for the delivery of digestive enzymes. With diabetes cases on the rise worldwide, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms driving β-cell identity, function, and even disease is particularly valuable. In this chapter, we will discuss the known epigenetic modifications in pancreatic islet cells, how they are deposited, and the environmental and metabolic contributions to epigenetic mechanisms. We will also explore how a deeper understanding of epigenetic effectors can be used as a tool for diabetes therapeutic strategies.
期刊介绍:
"Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology" presents critical reviews on all topical fields of normal and experimental anatomy including cell biology. The multi-perspective presentation of morphological aspects of basic biological phenomen in the human constitutes the main focus of the series. The contributions re-evaluate the latest findings and show ways for further research.