Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology最新文献

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The Pulmonary Vascular Barrier: Insights into Structure, Function, and Regulatory Mechanisms. 肺血管屏障:结构、功能和调节机制。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_3
Kaushik Parthasarathi
{"title":"The Pulmonary Vascular Barrier: Insights into Structure, Function, and Regulatory Mechanisms.","authors":"Kaushik Parthasarathi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary blood vessels act as a well-regulated barrier to the flux of fluid and solutes between the lumen and the air space. Perturbation of the barrier function results in excessive fluid leak into the interstitium and alveoli, and impairs gas exchange. Recent studies provide deeper insight into the precise control mechanisms involved in the regulation of the barrier. This chapter will highlight these mechanisms and discuss the current understanding on the fluid and solute transport pathways across the vascular endothelial layer. In addition, the chapter summarizes the contributions of extra-endothelial structures such as pericytes and glycocalyx in regulating fluid flux across pulmonary vessels. The chapter concludes with an analysis on the impact of pulmonary endothelial heterogeneity and experimental models on current interpretations of barrier function and regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35697516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Chemoarchitecture of the Pulvinar. Pulvinar的化学结构。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_3
Ricardo Gattass, Juliana G M Soares, Bruss Lima
{"title":"Chemoarchitecture of the Pulvinar.","authors":"Ricardo Gattass,&nbsp;Juliana G M Soares,&nbsp;Bruss Lima","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods reveal details of the pulvinar architecture that are not apparent from Nissl and myelin staining. The results of these techniques have been interpreted in different ways by different investigators, each adopting different sets of nomenclature for the various pulvinar subdivisions. In this chapter, we discuss the notion that the differentiation of the pulvinar along primate evolution took place upon a relatively rigid chemoarchitectonic scaffold.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35534305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visual Map Representations in the Primate Pulvinar. 灵长类动物的视觉地图表征。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_4
Ricardo Gattass, Juliana G M Soares, Bruss Lima
{"title":"Visual Map Representations in the Primate Pulvinar.","authors":"Ricardo Gattass,&nbsp;Juliana G M Soares,&nbsp;Bruss Lima","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pulvinar receives direct visual information from the retina and indirect visual information from several cortical and subcortical areas. In this chapter, we discuss the visuotopic organization of the primate pulvinar. Electrophysiological techniques have been systematically employed to study pulvinar visuotopy in the owl, capuchin, and macaque monkeys. A single map of the visual field has been described in the pulvinar of the owl monkey, while two independent maps have been described in the capuchin and macaque pulvinar.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35534307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Comparative View of Lung Vascular Endothelium of Cattle, Horses, and Water Buffalo. 牛、马和水牛肺血管内皮的比较研究。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_2
David Schneberger, Ram S Sethi, Baljit Singh
{"title":"Comparative View of Lung Vascular Endothelium of Cattle, Horses, and Water Buffalo.","authors":"David Schneberger,&nbsp;Ram S Sethi,&nbsp;Baljit Singh","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelium plays an important role in maintaining the vascular barrier and physiological homeostasis. Endothelium also is fundamental to the initiation and regulation of inflammation. Endothelium demonstrates phenotypic and functional heterogeneity not only among various organs but also within an organ. One of the striking examples would be the pulmonary endothelium that participates in creating blood-air barrier. Endothelium in large pulmonary blood vessels is distinct in structure and function from that lining of the pulmonary capillaries. This chapter focuses on the comparative aspects of pulmonary endothelium and highlight unique differences such as the presence of pulmonary intravascular macrophages among select species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35697515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Emphysema and Acute Lung Injury. 肺气肿和急性肺损伤中的肺内皮细胞凋亡。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_4
Eboni Chambers, Sharon Rounds, Qing Lu
{"title":"Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Emphysema and Acute Lung Injury.","authors":"Eboni Chambers,&nbsp;Sharon Rounds,&nbsp;Qing Lu","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apoptosis plays an essential role in homeostasis and pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Endothelial cells are exposed to various environmental and internal stress and endothelial apoptosis is a pathophysiological consequence of these stimuli. Pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis initiates or contributes to progression of a number of lung diseases. This chapter will focus on the current understanding of the role of pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis in the development of emphysema and acute lung injury (ALI) and the factors controlling pulmonary endothelial life and death.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35697518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
Introduction. 介绍。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_1
Jason G Knott, Keith E Latham
{"title":"Introduction.","authors":"Jason G Knott,&nbsp;Keith E Latham","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this special volume on \"Chromatin regulation of early embryonic lineage specification,\" five leaders in the field of mammalian preimplantation embryo development provide their own perspectives on key molecular and cellular processes that mediate lineage formation during the first week of life. The first cell-fate decision involves the formation of the pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) and extraembryonic trophectoderm (TE). The second cell-fate choice encompasses the transformation of ICM into extraembryonic primitive endoderm (PE) and pluripotent epiblast. The processes, which occur during the period of preimplantation development, serve as the foundation for subsequent developmental events such as implantation, placentation, and gastrulation. The mechanisms that regulate them are complex and involve many different factors operating spatially and temporally over several days to modulate embryonic chromatin structure, impose cellular polarity, and direct distinct gene expression programs in the first cell lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35286334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CHD1 Controls Cell Lineage Specification Through Zygotic Genome Activation. CHD1通过合子基因组激活控制细胞谱系规范。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_3
Shinnosuke Suzuki, Naojiro Minami
{"title":"CHD1 Controls Cell Lineage Specification Through Zygotic Genome Activation.","authors":"Shinnosuke Suzuki,&nbsp;Naojiro Minami","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mammals, the processes spanning from fertilization to the generation of a new organism are very complex and are controlled by multiple genes. Life begins with the encounter of eggs and spermatozoa, in which gene expression is inactive prior to fertilization. After several cell divisions, cells arise that are specialized in implantation, a developmental process unique to mammals. Cells involved in the establishment and maintenance of implantation differentiate from totipotent embryos, and the remaining cells generate the embryo proper. Although this process of differentiation, termed cell lineage specification, is supported by various gene expression networks, many components have yet to be identified. Moreover, despite extensive research it remains unclear which genes are controlled by each of the factors involved. Although it has become clear that epigenetic factors regulate gene expression, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms remains challenging. In this chapter, we propose that the chromatin remodeling factor CHD1, together with epigenetic factors, is involved in a subset of gene expression networks involved in processes spanning from zygotic genome activation to cell lineage specification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35286336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
ROCK and RHO Playlist for Preimplantation Development: Streaming to HIPPO Pathway and Apicobasal Polarity in the First Cell Differentiation. 植入前发育的ROCK和RHO播放列表:第一细胞分化中流向HIPPO通路和顶基极性。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_5
Vernadeth B Alarcon, Yusuke Marikawa
{"title":"ROCK and RHO Playlist for Preimplantation Development: Streaming to HIPPO Pathway and Apicobasal Polarity in the First Cell Differentiation.","authors":"Vernadeth B Alarcon,&nbsp;Yusuke Marikawa","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In placental mammalian development, the first cell differentiation produces two distinct lineages that emerge according to their position within the embryo: the trophectoderm (TE, placenta precursor) differentiates in the surface, while the inner cell mass (ICM, fetal body precursor) forms inside. Here, we discuss how such position-dependent lineage specifications are regulated by the RHOA subfamily of small GTPases and RHO-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK). Recent studies in mouse show that activities of RHO/ROCK are required to promote TE differentiation and to concomitantly suppress ICM formation. RHO/ROCK operate through the HIPPO signaling pathway, whose cell position-specific modulation is central to establishing unique gene expression profiles that confer cell fate. In particular, activities of RHO/ROCK are essential in outside cells to promote nuclear localization of transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ, the downstream effectors of HIPPO signaling. Nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ depends on the formation of apicobasal polarity in outside cells, which requires activities of RHO/ROCK. We propose models of how RHO/ROCK regulate lineage specification and lay out challenges for future investigations to deepen our understanding of the roles of RHO/ROCK in preimplantation development. Finally, as RHO/ROCK may be inhibited by certain pharmacological agents, we discuss their potential impact on human preimplantation development in relation to fertility preservation in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35286338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Connectivity of the Pulvinar. Pulvinar的连通性。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_5
Ricardo Gattass, Juliana G M Soares, Bruss Lima
{"title":"Connectivity of the Pulvinar.","authors":"Ricardo Gattass,&nbsp;Juliana G M Soares,&nbsp;Bruss Lima","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulvinar connectivity has been studied using a variety of neuroanatomical tracing techniques in both New and Old World monkeys. Connectivity studies have revealed additional maps of the visual field other than those described using electrophysiological techniques, such as P3 in the capuchin monkey and P3/P4 in the macaque monkey. In this chapter, we argue that with increasing cortical size, the pulvinar developed new functional subdivisions in order to effectively interconnect and interact with the cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35534272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Atomistic Simulations of Electroporation of Model Cell Membranes. 模型细胞膜电穿孔的原子模拟。
4区 生物学
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_1
Mounir Tarek
{"title":"Atomistic Simulations of Electroporation of Model Cell Membranes.","authors":"Mounir Tarek","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroporation is a phenomenon that modifies the fundamental function of the cell since it perturbs transiently or permanently the integrity of its membrane. Today, this technique is applied in fields ranging from biology and biotechnology to medicine, e.g., for drug and gene delivery into cells, tumor therapy, etc., in which it made it to preclinical and clinical treatments. Experimentally, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of cell membranes, it is difficult to provide a description of the electroporation phenomenon in terms of atomically resolved structural and dynamical processes, a prerequisite to optimize its use. Atomistic modeling in general and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in particular have proven to be an effective approach for providing such a level of detail. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive account of recent advances in using such a technique to complement conventional experimental approaches in characterizing several aspects of cell membranes electroporation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35475111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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