Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology最新文献_第3页

Skeletal Muscle's Role in Prenatal Inter-organ Communication: A Phenogenomic Study with Qualitative Citation Analysis. 骨骼肌在产前器官间交流中的作用:一项带有定性引用分析的表型研究。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_1

Boris Kablar

引用次数: 0

Roles of Skeletal Muscle in Development: A Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Overview. 骨骼肌在发育中的作用:生物信息学和系统生物学综述。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_2

Jean-Sebastien Milanese, Richard Marcotte, Willard J Costain, Boris Kablar, Simon Drouin

{"title":"Roles of Skeletal Muscle in Development: A Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Overview.","authors":"Jean-Sebastien Milanese, Richard Marcotte, Willard J Costain, Boris Kablar, Simon Drouin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_2","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to assess various cellular events consequent to perturbations, such as genetic mutations, disease states and therapies, has been recently revolutionized by technological advances in multiple \"omics\" fields. The resulting deluge of information has enabled and necessitated the development of tools required to both process and interpret the data. While of tremendous value to basic researchers, the amount and complexity of the data has made it extremely difficult to manually draw inference and identify factors key to the study objectives. The challenges of data reduction and interpretation are being met by the development of increasingly complex tools that integrate disparate knowledge bases and synthesize coherent models based on current biological understanding. This chapter presents an example of how genomics data can be integrated with biological network analyses to gain further insight into the developmental consequences of genetic perturbations. State of the art methods for conducting similar studies are discussed along with modern methods used to analyze and interpret the data.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"236 ","pages":"21-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carotid Body and Cell Therapy. 颈动脉体与细胞治疗。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_10

Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova

{"title":"Carotid Body and Cell Therapy.","authors":"Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_10","url":null,"abstract":"During the past decade, the carotid body (CB) has been considered an innovative therapeutic target for the treatment of certain cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases most of which are sympathetically mediated. It has recently been revealed that CB stem cells provide new target sites for the development of promising cell-based therapies. Specifically, generation of CB progenitors in vitro which can differentiate into functionally active glomus cells may be a useful procedure to produce the cell mass required for replacement cell therapy. Due to their dopaminergic nature, adult glomus cells can be used for an intrastriatal grafting in neurodegenerative brain disorders including Parkinson's disease. The beneficial effect of throphic factors such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor synergistically released by the transplanted cells then enables the transplant to survive. Likewise, intracerebral administration of CB cell aggregates or dispersed cells has been tested for the treatment of an experimental model of stroke. The systematic clinical applicability of CB autotransplants following glomectomy in humans is under investigation. In such autotransplantation studies, cell aggregates from unilaterally resected CB might be used as autografts. In addition, stem cells could offer an opportunity for tissue expansion and might settle the issue of small number of glomus cells available for transplantation.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"237 ","pages":"155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carotid Body: The Primary Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptor. 颈动脉体：主要的外周动脉化学受体。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_1

Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova

引用次数: 0

Overview of Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on Extraocular Muscle Development. 头部肌肉概述，特别强调眼外肌的发育。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_3

Janine M Ziermann

{"title":"Overview of Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on Extraocular Muscle Development.","authors":"Janine M Ziermann","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_3","url":null,"abstract":"The head is often considered the most complex part of the vertebrate body as many different cell types contribute to a huge variation of structures in a very limited space. Most of these cell types also interact with each other to ensure the proper development of skull, brain, muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels. While there are general mechanisms that are true for muscle development all over the body, the head and postcranial muscle development differ from each other. In the head, specific gene regulatory networks underlie the differentiation in subgroups, which include extraocular muscles, muscles of mastication, muscles of facial expression, laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as cranial nerve innervated neck muscles. Here, I provide an overview of the difference between head and trunk muscle development. This is followed by a short excursion to the cardiopharyngeal field which gives rise to heart and head musculature and a summary of pharyngeal arch muscle development, including interactions between neural crest cells, mesodermal cells, and endodermal signals. Lastly, a more detailed description of the eye development, tissue interactions, and involved genes is provided.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"236 ","pages":"57-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

General Morphology of the Mammalian Carotid Body. 哺乳动物颈动脉体的一般形态学。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_3

Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova

{"title":"General Morphology of the Mammalian Carotid Body.","authors":"Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_3","url":null,"abstract":"The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral arterial chemoreceptor that registers the levels of pO2, pCO2 and pH in the blood and responds to their changes by regulating breathing. It is strategically located in the bifurcation of each common carotid artery. The organ consists of \"glomera\" composed of two cell types, glomus and sustentacular cells, interspersed by blood vessels and nerve bundles and separated by connective tissue. The neuron-like glomus or type I cells are considered as the chemosensory cells of the CB. They contain numerous cytoplasmic organelles and dense-cored vesicles that store and release neurotransmitters. They also form both conventional chemical and electrical synapses between each other and are contacted by peripheral nerve endings of petrosal ganglion neurons. The glomus cells are dually innervated by both sensory nerve fibers through the carotid sinus nerve and autonomic fibers of sympathetic origin via the ganglioglomerular nerve. The parasympathetic efferent innervation is relayed by vasomotor fibers of ganglion cells located around or inside the CB. The glial-like sustentacular or type II cells are regarded to be supporting cells although they sustain physiologic neurogenesis in the adult CB and are thus supposed to be progenitor cells as well. The CB is a highly vascularized organ and its intraorgan hemodynamics possibly plays a role in the process of chemoreception.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"237 ","pages":"13-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurochemical Plasticity of the Carotid Body. 颈动脉体的神经化学可塑性。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_7

Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova

{"title":"Neurochemical Plasticity of the Carotid Body.","authors":"Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_7","url":null,"abstract":"A striking feature of the carotid body (CB) is its remarkable degree of plasticity in a variety of neurotransmitter/modulator systems in response to environmental stimuli, particularly following hypoxic exposure of animals and during ascent to high altitude. Current evidence suggests that acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate are two major excitatory neurotransmitter candidates in the hypoxic CB, and they may also be involved as co-transmitters in hypoxic signaling. Conversely, dopamine, histamine and nitric oxide have recently been considered inhibitory transmitters/modulators of hypoxic chemosensitivity. It has also been revealed that interactions between excitatory and inhibitory messenger molecules occur during hypoxia. On the other hand, alterations in purinergic neurotransmitter mechanisms have been implicated in ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia also induces profound changes in other neurochemical systems within the CB such as the catecholaminergic, peptidergic and nitrergic, which in turn may contribute to increased ventilatory and chemoreceptor responsiveness to hypoxia at high altitude. Taken together, current data suggest that complex interactions among transmitters markedly influence hypoxia-induced transmitter release from the CB. In addition, the expression of a wide variety of growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors have been identified in CB parenchymal cells in response to hypoxia and their upregulated expression could mediate the local inflammation and functional alteration of the CB under hypoxic conditions.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"237 ","pages":"105-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mechanisms of Chemosensory Transduction in the Carotid Body. 颈动脉体化学感觉转导机制。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_5

Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova

{"title":"Mechanisms of Chemosensory Transduction in the Carotid Body.","authors":"Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_5","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian carotid body (CB) is a polymodal chemoreceptor, which is activated by blood-borne stimuli, most notably hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis, thus ensuring an appropriate cellular response to changes in physical and chemical parameters of the blood. The glomus cells are considered the CB chemosensory cells and the initial site of chemoreceptor transduction. However, the molecular mechanisms by which they detect changes in blood chemical levels and how these changes lead to transmitter release are not yet well understood. Chemotransduction mechanisms are by far best described for oxygen and acid/carbon dioxide sensing. A few testable hypotheses have been postulated including a direct interaction of oxygen with ion channels in the glomus cells (membrane hypothesis), an indirect interface by a reversible ligand like a heme (metabolic hypothesis), or even a functional interaction between putative oxygen sensors (chemosome hypothesis) or the interaction of lactate with a highly expressed in the CB atypical olfactory receptor, Olfr78, (endocrine model). It is also suggested that sensory transduction in the CB is uniquely dependent on the actions and interactions of gaseous transmitters. Apparently, oxygen sensing does not utilize a single mechanism, and later observations have given strong support to a unified membrane model of chemotransduction.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"237 ","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurochemical Anatomy of the Mammalian Carotid Body. 哺乳动物颈动脉体的神经化学解剖学。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_6

Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova

{"title":"Neurochemical Anatomy of the Mammalian Carotid Body.","authors":"Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_6","url":null,"abstract":"Carotid body (CB) glomus cells in most mammals, including humans, contain a broad diversity of classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and gaseous signaling molecules as well as their cognate receptors. Among them, acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate and dopamine have been proposed to be the main excitatory transmitters in the mammalian CB, although subsequently dopamine has been considered an inhibitory neuromodulator in almost all mammalian species except the rabbit. In addition, co-existence of biogenic amines and neuropeptides has been reported in the glomus cells, thus suggesting that they store and release more than one transmitter in response to natural stimuli. Furthermore, certain metabolic and transmitter-degrading enzymes are involved in the chemotransduction and chemotransmission in various mammals. However, the presence of the corresponding biosynthetic enzyme for some transmitter candidates has not been confirmed, and neuroactive substances like serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid and adenosine, neuropeptides including opioids, substance P and endothelin, and gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide have been shown to modulate the chemosensory process through direct actions on glomus cells and/or by producing tonic effects on CB blood vessels. It is likely that the fine balance between excitatory and inhibitory transmitters and their complex interactions might play a more important than suggested role in CB plasticity.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"237 ","pages":"63-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Plasticity of the Carotid Body. 颈动脉体的结构可塑性。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_4

Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova

{"title":"Structural Plasticity of the Carotid Body.","authors":"Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_4","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian carotid body (CB) exhibits considerable plasticity of its structure during development and aging and as a consequence of environmental, metabolic and inflammatory stimuli. The structural changes during maturation include an enlargement of the total and vascular volume of the CB. Conversely, aging results in a reduction in the number and volume of glomus cells with progressive cellular degeneration and an apparent increase in the surrounding connective tissue. Age-related structural alterations are similar to those during chronic hypoxia. Long-term hypoxic exposure and sodium nitrate treatment enlarge several-fold the size of the rat CB causing glomus cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and evoke changes in its vascular structure, inducing marked vasodilation and neovascularization. In humans, such structural CB adaptation responses to prolonged hypoxia occur during acclimatization to high altitudes. On the other hand, the hyperoxic CB is significantly smaller than those of age-matched normoxic controls. Morphological alterations in the CB in both hypertensive animals and humans are characterized by a slightly enlarged parenchyma without apparent vascular expansion and/or dilation. The CB structural plasticity depends on the existence of a population of multipotent neural crest-derived stem cells, which are activated during hypoxia to proliferate and differentiate into new both neuronal (glomus) and vascular cell types.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":"237 ","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0