{"title":"Large deviations of the empirical spectral measure of supercritical sparse Wigner matrices","authors":"Fanny Augeri","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Let Ξ be the adjacency matrix of an Erdős-Rényi graph on <em>n</em> vertices and with parameter <em>p</em> and consider <em>A</em> a <span><math><mi>n</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>n</mi></math></span> centred random symmetric matrix with bounded i.i.d. entries above the diagonal. When the mean degree <em>np</em> diverges, the empirical spectral measure of the normalized Hadamard product <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>∘</mo><mi>Ξ</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msqrt></math></span> converges weakly in probability to the semicircle law. In the regime where <span><math><mi>p</mi><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span> and <span><math><mi>n</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>≫</mo><mi>log</mi><mo></mo><mi>n</mi></math></span>, we prove a large deviations principle for the empirical spectral measure with speed <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi></math></span> and with a good rate function solution of a certain variational problem. The rate function reveals in particular that the only possible deviations at the exponential scale <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi></math></span> are around measures coming from Quadratic Vector Equations. As a byproduct, we obtain a large deviations principle for the empirical spectral measure of supercritical Erdős-Rényi graphs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 110156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ortho-integral surfaces","authors":"Nhat Minh Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a natural combinatorial structure of orthogeodesics on hyperbolic surfaces and presents Ptolemy relations among them. As a primary application, we propose a recursive method for computing the trace (the hyperbolic cosine of the length) of orthogeodesics and establish the existence of surfaces where the trace of each orthogeodesic is an integer. These surfaces and their orthogeodesics are closely related to integral Apollonian circle packings. Notably, we found a new type of root-flipping that transitions between roots in different quadratic equations of a certain type, with Vieta root-flipping as a special case. Finally, we provide a combinatorial proof of Basmajian's identity for hyperbolic surfaces, akin to Bowditch's combinatorial proof of the McShane identity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 110162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Norm upper-semicontinuity of functions supported on open abelian isotropy in étale groupoids. Corrigendum to “Reconstruction of groupoids and C⁎-rigidity of dynamical systems” [Adv. Math. 390 (2021) 107923]","authors":"Toke Meier Carlsen , Anna Duwenig , Efren Ruiz , Aidan Sims","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider étale Hausdorff groupoids in which the interior of the isotropy is abelian. We prove that the norms of the images under regular representations, of elements of the reduced groupoid <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-algebra whose supports are contained in the interior of the isotropy vary upper semicontinuously. This corrects an error in <span><span>[2]</span></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 110150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Alfes , Jens Funke , Michael H. Mertens , Eugenia Rosu
{"title":"On Jacobi–Weierstrass mock modular forms","authors":"Claudia Alfes , Jens Funke , Michael H. Mertens , Eugenia Rosu","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We construct harmonic weak Maass forms that map to cusp forms of weight <span><math><mi>k</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span> with rational coefficients under the <em>ξ</em>-operator. This generalizes work of the first author, Griffin, Ono, and Rolen, who constructed distinguished preimages under this differential operator of weight 2 newforms associated to rational elliptic curves using the classical Weierstrass theory of elliptic functions. We extend this theory and construct a vector-valued Jacobi–Weierstrass <em>ζ</em>-function which is a generalization of the classical Weierstrass <em>ζ</em>-function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 110147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The length spectrum of random hyperbolic 3-manifolds","authors":"Anna Roig-Sanchis","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the length spectrum of a model of random hyperbolic 3-manifolds introduced in <span><span>[31]</span></span>. These are compact manifolds with boundary constructed by randomly gluing truncated tetrahedra along their faces. We prove that, as the volume tends to infinity, their length spectrum converge in distribution to a Poisson point process on <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, with computable intensity <em>λ</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 110158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The constant term algebra of type A: The structure","authors":"Guoce Xin , Chen Zhang , Yue Zhou , Yueming Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we discover a new noncommutative algebra. We refer this algebra as the constant term algebra of type <em>A</em>, which is generated by certain constant term operators. We characterize a structural result of this algebra by establishing an explicit basis in terms of certain forests. This algebra arises when we apply the method of the iterated Laurent series to investigate Beck and Pixton's residue computation for the Ehrhart series of the Birkhoff polytope. This algebra seems to be the first structural result in the area of the constant term world since the discovery of the Dyson constant term identity in 1962.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 110154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An adjunction inequality for the Bauer–Furuta type invariants, with applications to sliceness and 4-manifold topology","authors":"Nobuo Iida , Anubhav Mukherjee , Masaki Taniguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our main result gives an adjunction inequality for embedded surfaces in certain 4-manifolds with contact boundary under a non-vanishing assumption on the Bauer–Furuta type invariants. Using this, we give infinitely many knots in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> that are not smoothly H-slice (that is, bounding a null-homologous disk) in many 4-manifolds but they are topologically H-slice. In particular, we give such knots in the boundaries of the punctured elliptic surfaces <span><math><mi>E</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>. In addition, we give obstructions to codimension-0 orientation-reversing embedding of weak symplectic fillings with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> into closed symplectic 4-manifolds with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>≡</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>mod</mi><mspace></mspace><mn>4</mn></math></span>. From here we prove a Bennequin type inequality for strong symplectic caps of <span><math><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ξ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span>. We also show that any weakly symplectically fillable 3-manifold bounds a 4-manifold with at least two smooth structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 110134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ergodic measures of intermediate entropies for dynamical systems with the approximate product property","authors":"Peng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For a dynamical system satisfying the approximate product property and asymptotically entropy expansiveness, we characterize a delicate structure of the space of invariant measures: The ergodic measures of intermediate entropies and the ones of intermediate pressures are generic in certain subspaces. Consequently, the conjecture of Katok that ergodic measures of arbitrary intermediate entropy exist is verified for a broad class of systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 110159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Mikhailets , Aleksandr Murach , Tetiana Zinchenko
{"title":"An extended Hilbert scale and its applications","authors":"Vladimir Mikhailets , Aleksandr Murach , Tetiana Zinchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a new viewpoint on Hilbert scales extending them by means of all Hilbert spaces that are interpolation ones between spaces on the scale. We prove that this extension admits an explicit description with the help of OR-varying functions of the operator generating the scale. We also show that this extended Hilbert scale is obtained by the quadratic interpolation (with function parameter) between the above spaces and is closed with respect to the quadratic interpolation between Hilbert spaces. We give applications of the extended Hilbert scale to interpolational inequalities, generalized Sobolev spaces, and spectral expansions induced by abstract and elliptic operators; this specifically allows obtaining new results for multiple Fourier series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 110155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A non-mixing Arnold flow on a surface","authors":"Bassam Fayad, Adam Kanigowski, Rigoberto Zelada","doi":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aim.2025.110157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We construct a smooth area preserving flow on a genus 2 surface with exactly one open uniquely ergodic component, that is asymmetrically bounded by separatrices of non-degenerate saddles and that is nevertheless not mixing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50860,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mathematics","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 110157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}