American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Interindividual Variation in Adult Gut Microbiome Composition in Two Rural Communities in Japan: Associations With Energy and Nutrient Intakes","authors":"Sae Sekiya,&nbsp;Momoka Masuda,&nbsp;Yuki Mizuno,&nbsp;Hiroaki Naka,&nbsp;Chiho Goto,&nbsp;Hideki Imai,&nbsp;Masahiro Umezaki","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The “Japanese diet” has long been regarded as a key factor contributing to the remarkable life expectancy of the Japanese population. Given that the gut microbiome is thought to mediate the link between diet and health, this study investigated energy and nutrient intake among rural populations in Japan, who are presumed to adhere closely to the traditional “Japanese diet,” and examined their association with gut microbiome diversity and composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study of 263 individuals aged ≥ 20 years was conducted in two rural communities in Japan, in July and August 2022. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, and we measured weight and height and collected fecal samples. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. The associations between energy and nutrient intakes and alpha diversity metrics, beta diversity metrics, and the relative abundance of bacteria at the genus level were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals who consumed more nutrients characteristic of seafood, rice, and vegetables (vitamin D, omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, total dietary fiber, and insoluble dietary fiber) had significantly higher gut microbiome diversity, while those who consumed more alcohol and fat had significantly lower microbiome diversity. Energy intake from alcohol, as well as intakes of cholesterol, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin C, carbohydrates, soluble dietary fiber, omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, and calcium were significantly associated with beta diversity metrics (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating that gut microbiome composition varied with these nutrient intakes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nutrient intakes may influence the interindividual variation in the gut microbiome seen in two rural populations in Japan. Future research should focus on elucidating the interactive effects between the “Japanese diet” and the gut microbiome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148085439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148083915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Matters—Association Between Ambient Temperature During Pregnancy and Birth Length in Austria Between 1984 and 2014—A Population-Based Study","authors":"Thomas Waldhoer,&nbsp;Sylvia Kirchengast,&nbsp;Lin Yang","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70273","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impact of ambient temperature on fetal growth was tested using a data set of 1 208 491 singleton births taking place in Austria between 1984 and 2014. It was hypothesized that higher ambient temperature during pregnancy would be associated with shorter birth length.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily ambient temperature data spanning 1983 to 2014 from 39 Austrian districts were retrieved and used for analysis. A Dynamic-Lag-Non-linear (DLNM) model was then fitted to link birth length with the time course of ambient temperature during each pregnancy. This model was adjusted for the following variables: maternal education level, maternal age, newborn sex, gestational age, newborn year of birth, maternal parity, and citizenship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effect of temperature on birth length was observed to be negative immediately following conception up to approximately gestational week 9 and again from about gestational week 15 toward the end of pregnancy. In contrast, during gestational weeks 10 to 14, there was no apparent association between temperature and birth length. The effect of hypothetically shifting a randomly drawn newborn's original birth date forward from January to October is associated with a decrease in predicted birth length by about 0.8 mm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher temperatures during early pregnancy and from the 15th gestational week onwards appear to have a negative effect on the fetal growth process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148083916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Geographical Distribution of Lactose Tolerance-Associated Alleles 13910*T and 13915*G Is Strongly Linked to Male Founder Events in Eurasia","authors":"Pavel Grasgruber","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70253","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lactose tolerance (lactase persistence) represents a very progressive human adaptation, the origins of which remain incompletely understood. This study aims to examine the geographical distribution of the two alleles associated with lactose tolerance in Eurasia (13910*T and 13915*G) in relation to the main Y haplogroups and autosomal ancestry components. Data on the frequency of the 13910*T allele were collected from 52 countries across Europe, the Near East, and North Africa. The 13915*G allele was available for 30 countries, but was studied in only 16 Near Eastern and North African countries, as it is absent in Europe. The findings indicate very robust, linear relationships between allele frequencies and the genetic factors examined. The strong correlation between the occurrence of the 13910*T allele and Yamnaya ancestry supports the hypothesis that 13910*T originated from the steppe Yamnaya culture. However, its subsequent dissemination can be attributed to a series of regional male founder events and the spread of specific Y haplogroups, particularly Y haplogroup I1. Conversely, the current occurrence of the 13915*G allele appears to have a less complex origin, associated with the geographically constrained expansion of pastoral populations with Natufian ancestry and Y haplogroup J1 in the Arabian Peninsula.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regarding “The 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Window Into Prenatal Hormonal Influences on Exocrine Autoimmunity”","authors":"Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148083917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148083425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing Parity-Related Variation in Female Body Morphology: A Matched Analysis in a Contemporary Population","authors":"Jooyeon Lee,&nbsp;Jinhee Park","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Morphological differences between parous and nulliparous women have long been interpreted as reproductive signatures. However, such patterns may instead reflect demographic composition. This study aimed to reassess parity-related morphological variation by reducing confounding from age and BMI using propensity score matching (PSM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anthropometric data from 1339 Korean women aged 20–39 years were analyzed. Forty-five direct and derived body dimensions, collected following ISO 7250-1:2017, were compared between parous and nulliparous women before and after 1:1 nearest-neighbor PSM on age and BMI. Group differences were examined for torso breadths, depths, circumferences, and proportional indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unadjusted analyses reproduced well-known findings: parous women showed greater abdominal breadths and depths, larger circumferences, and adiposity patterns commonly attributed to childbirth. After PSM, however, most differences—including widely cited markers of lower-body enlargement and postpartum contour change—were substantially attenuated or statistically nonsignificant. Only a small number of proportional indices (e.g., underbust/weight, waist/weight, elbow/weight) retained modest differences, indicating that parity leaves limited, anatomically localized morphological signatures rather than broad structural changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Demographic composition, rather than reproductive biology alone, accounts for much of the observed variation in cross-sectional datasets. Matching-based approaches clarify the independent contribution of parity, strengthen causal inference in anthropometric research, and underscore the need to consider population structure when interpreting life-history-related variation in adult female morphology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147965440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}