American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to “The American Journal of Human Biology” Articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>L. P. Miranda, D. Henriques-Neto, F. I. Leitão, and A. B. de Lima, “Physical Fitness and Health Profile of Adolescents Living in Amazonas.” American Journal of Human Biology 37, no. 5 (2025): e70047. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70047.</p><p>L. de Lima Alves Paresque, J. de Bem Lignani, R. Arantes, et al., “Factors Associated With Anemia in Xavante Indigenous Children from Central Brazil.” American Journal of Human Biology 37, no. 5 (2025): e70049. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70049.</p><p>The funding statement for these articles was missing. The below funding statement has been added to the articles:</p><p>The Article Processing Charge for the publication of this research was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) (ROR identifier: 00x0ma614).</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Homo erectus Female Revisited","authors":"Leslie C. Aiello","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Energetic Consequences of Being a <i>Homo erectus</i> Female was published in the <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i> over two decades ago. This paper drew attention to the high body-size-related reproductive costs of an <i>H. erectus</i> female if she retained the same reproductive schedule of smaller-bodied earlier hominins modeled on the schedule for modern <i>Pan</i>. The main conclusion was that the energetic cost per offspring would be significantly reduced by adopting a modern human reproductive schedule with a shorter lactation period and an overall shorter interbirth interval. To make this possible and support the energetic requirements of the larger body size, there would have had to be a fundamental shift in subsistence behavior involving a higher-quality diet and intergenerational cooperation in food acquisition. This paper re-evaluates these conclusions based on recent energetic research developments. Although the modeling parameters have changed, the conclusions are still valid. Their implications are discussed in light of modern research on the increase in body and brain size and the evolution of cooperative subsistence behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Testosterone to Racialization to Knobby Knees: 15 Years of Gender/Sex","authors":"Sari M. van Anders","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper discusses ~15 years of my research on gender/sex. I first discuss how “sex versus gender” is an overlay onto “nature versus nurture” ideologies, and the ways these are unempirical (if not anti-empirical), inaccurate, and unjust. I provide definitions of gender/sex, as well as gender and sex, and the pitfalls of “getting sex right” ideologies that aim to provide a singular universal definition of sex that belies its multiplicity, dynamism, and social situatedness. I discuss how these ideologies are often rooted in “bio/logics” that seek to define sex in ways that restrict human rights, especially for gender/sex minorities. I focus on my own research on testosterone (T) beyond masculinity that highlights the importance of gender/sex. This includes thinking about T in terms of social and biomaterial construction, including a “gender → T pathway” and “chronic gender”. I then describe how discussions of T are also rooted in racism, racialization, colonialism, and settler colonialism. In addition, I delineate how this makes not just for “sex versus gender” dichotomies and gender binaries, but ladders or helices that include gender/sex and race/ethnicity, among other social locations. I also point to gender/sex as an important lens for understanding bodily formations beyond T, that include a new “knobby knee hypothesis”. In discussing these topics, I focus on an array of important feminist science principles, including epistemic injustice, pre-theory, intersectionality, and diffraction. I close by discussing how gender/sex can provide an avenue for bioscientific research that is more empirical, accurate, and just.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Resting Metabolism Is Associated With Increased Free Triiodothyronine Among Female Reindeer Herders in Northern Finland","authors":"Cara Ocobock,&nbsp;Ville Stenbäck,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Niclou,&nbsp;Päivi Soppela,&nbsp;Minna Turunen,&nbsp;Jaroslaw Walkowiak,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Herzig","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate metabolism and are shaped by environmental factors—ambient temperature in particular. Previous work among indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Russia revealed that there are seasonal shifts in TH dynamics such that total and free triiodothyronine (fT₃) and free thyroxine (fT₄) increase during winter. Elevated TH levels in these populations were positively correlated with the elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR) commonly seen among indigenous cold climate populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we examined the relationship between TH levels (fT3, fT4, and thyroid stimulating hormone) and resting metabolism among reindeer herders (<i>N</i> = 35) and office workers (<i>N</i> = 16) from northern Finland in January 2019 and February of 2023. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry at both time points and a TH analysis was conducted from venous blood samples collected before RMR measurements in 2023 only.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Controlling for fat free mass, female reindeer herders had significantly higher RMRs than male reindeer herders and significantly higher RMRs than predictive equation estimates. Female herders also had significantly higher fT₃ and TSH than male herders and female officer workers. Female herders exhibited a significant positive correlation between fT₄ and RMR; significant correlations were not found among male herders or female office workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This preliminary study demonstrates variation in the relationship between TH levels and resting metabolism among reindeer herders and office workers in Northern Finland. These results highlight potential sex-based differences in TH and metabolism dynamics, particularly among female reindeer herders, that require further research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maternal Capital Hypothesis: Giving Mothers Central Place in Evolutionary Perspectives on Developmental Plasticity and Health","authors":"Jonathan C. K. Wells","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The “developmental origins of health and disease” paradigm has revolutionized biomedical research and raised new questions in the public domain. Not only individual disease risk, but also population health inequalities, may be profoundly shaped by experience early in life. The maternal capital hypothesis, published in 2010, is an evolutionary conceptual framework for understanding developmental plasticity on an intergenerational time-scale. The central proposition is that societal adversities can become embodied in maternal phenotype, and hence undermine the health and life opportunities of their offspring. The offspring calibrates its early developmental trajectory to maternal phenotype, not to the external environment. The framework emphasizes societal stresses from which individual mothers cannot opt out, such as malnutrition, poverty, gender inequality, colonialism, racism, war, and interpersonal violence. Conversely, mothers with greater capital can better defend themselves against these stresses and buffer their offspring. In this commentary, I revisit why the hypothesis was developed and summarize how it has stimulated further work. I review evidence for the role of maternal phenotype in the intergenerational basis of health inequalities; theoretical issues that the hypothesis can help clarify; implications for policy and intergenerational justice; and experimental studies that show that promoting maternal capital can have health benefits for both mothers and offspring. There is no intention to blame mothers when arguing that maternal phenotype plays a unique role in intergenerational cycles of disadvantage. Rather, promoting maternal capital may not only improve maternal and child health, but also combat gender and racial inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene (rs9939609) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome: A Study Among Two Rural Communities of Assam, Northeast India Having Different Ancestry","authors":"Ananya Jyoti Gogoi,&nbsp;Chandana Sarmah,&nbsp;Prasanta Kumar Borah","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of related physio-biochemical factors that greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and overall mortality. The physio-biochemical factors associated with MS have been previously found to have a genetic basis. Recently, the Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO) gene has been found to have a significant role in obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the association of FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism with MS in two rural communities of Assam, Northeast India, having different ancestry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among unrelated adult male and female individuals of the Mising and Ahom communities of Dhemaji district, Assam. Genotyping for the FTO gene's rs9939609 polymorphism was performed on a subset of participants. Individuals with MS were cases, while controls were randomly chosen from those without MS. Participants were categorized into AA and TA/TT groups. The chi-square test was utilized to assess whether there is any significant difference in the distributions of various categorical variables across the FTO rs9939609 gene variants (AA and TT/TA). Logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between the FTO rs9939609 SNP and the risk of MS. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with the AA genotype were found to have significantly higher odds of developing MS than those with TA or TT genotypes, after adjusting for all sociodemographic, behavioral, physiological, biochemical, anthropometric, and body composition measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study indicated that variations within the FTO locus (specifically rs9939609) were associated with MS and its components among the Mising and Ahom communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding “Too Tall” and “Too Short”: The Effect of the Community on the Regulation of Body Height","authors":"Michael Hermanussen,&nbsp;Christian Aßmann,&nbsp;Christiane Scheffler","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent evidence emphasizes the role of social signaling in the regulation of human growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To disentangle the influence of physical living conditions such as wealth, health, nutrition, and education from influences that are transmitted among members of the social group.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We consider the spectrum of all historically possible heights (“transgenerational growth potential”) and disentangle the influence of the physical living conditions from influences that are transmitted among members of the same social group. We ask (1) what is the magnitude of the “transgenerational growth potential”? and (2) to what extent narrows this potential upon entering a specific historic community?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Samples and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report on the height of more than 14 million German conscripts and recruits born between 1865 and 1975.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between the late 19th and the late 20th centuries, mean male height increased from 165.8 cm (SD 6.5 cm) to 180.1 cm (SD 7.0 cm). The skewness of the height distribution was always close to zero. Height was statistically associated with living conditions, but the association disappeared when linking characteristics of the within population distribution of height with the disparity of living conditions and economic inequality. Mean height of the social community is a strong attractor of individual height and reduces the “transgenerational growth potential” by more than 50%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Strong effects of the social community outweigh the effect of individual living conditions and substantially narrow the transgenerational growth potential, to protect against being “too tall” or “too short” within the social community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Levels Among Elderly Residents in Small Remote Islands in Japan","authors":"Satoko Kosaka,&nbsp;Mayumi Ohnishi,&nbsp;Ryoko Kawasaki,&nbsp;Masahiro Umezaki,&nbsp;Rieko Nakao","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study quantified the physical activity of older residents of two small remote Japanese islands and identified associated factors. A questionnaire survey and accelerometer measurements collected data from 79 participants aged ≥ 65 years on Kabashima and Hisakajima Islands in May–June 2024. The median daily step count was 4555, similar to or higher than national averages. Significant associations were found between physical activity levels and age, living alone, car ownership, frequency of going out, and self-rated health. The smallest community had the highest median step count. There was substantial day-to-day variation in individual activity levels. Despite lacking environmental factors that earlier studies have identified as promoting physical activity, the residents' activity levels were higher than mainland averages, suggesting that relationships between neighborhood environment and physical activity are dependent on the context of populations. Possible explanations for the physical activity of our study participants include health-conscious behaviors of older islanders, unique environmental factors on small islands promoting activity, self-selection to live in an environment that requires physical activity, selection bias toward more active individuals, or the possibility that only those who are able to maintain island residence currently live there. Further longer-term research should examine intra-individual variation and elucidate factors influencing physical activity on small remote islands.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Food-Insecure Households With Preschool and School Children: Findings From the ObesInCrisis Study","authors":"Maria-Raquel G. Silva,&nbsp;Daniela Rodrigues,&nbsp;Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues,&nbsp;Helena Nogueira,&nbsp;Augusta Gama,&nbsp;Cristina Padez","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following the last global economic crisis, Europe imposed austerity policies with significant influence on the households' food security. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of food-insecure households with children with normal body weight and overweight/obesity with other sociodemographic and family characteristics, following the last world financial crisis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4737 children living in Portugal. Household food insecurity was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Scale. Children's nutritional status and sociodemographic indicators were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that 13.2% of children were living in food-insecure households, from which 25.5% were overweight/obesity. Food-insecure households were more likely to include children at school age (OR = 1.195, 95% CI: 1.008–1.416), females (OR = 1.245, 95% CI: 1.051–1.476) and living in the district of Lisbon (OR = 1.369, 95% CI: 1.130–1.659), compared to those from food-secure households. HFI was associated with having parents under 40 years old (fathers: OR = 1.321, 95% CI: 1.104–1.581 and mothers: OR = 1.362, 95% CI: 1.141–1.627), fathers with low and medium levels of education (OR = 5.967, 95% CI: 4.584–7.767 and OR = 2.666, 95% CI: 2.050–3.467, respectively), as well as mothers' low and medium education (OR = 5.083, 95% CI: 3.982–6.488 and OR = 3.202, 95% CI: 2.599–3.945, respectively), and not working fathers (OR = 3.160, 95% CI: 2.415–4.317) or mothers (OR = 2.706, 95% CI: 2.197–3.332). After adjustments, only the association with the paternal age lost its statistical significance. No other significant associations were observed in other household sociodemographic components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It should be recognized the need for socioeconomic interventions to empower women and close the gender gap between female- and male-headed households.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Type of Delivery and Growth Trajectory in the First Year of Life: The Araraquara Cohort Study","authors":"Roseanne de Sousa Nobre,&nbsp;Paula Louro Silva,&nbsp;Letícia Falcão de Carvalho,&nbsp;Jéssica Lana Sales Lacerda,&nbsp;Lívia Patrícia Rodrigues Batista,&nbsp;Tamiris Ramos-Silva,&nbsp;Natália Pinheiro-Castro,&nbsp;Liania Alves Luzia,&nbsp;Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between cesarean delivery and infant growth is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the type of delivery and the growth trajectory of Brazilian infants in the first year of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a prospective cohort study conducted between 2016 and 2021 as part of the Araraquara Cohort Study that assessed quarterly anthropometry of 719 and 667 infants to evaluate, respectively, the effects of type of delivery on weight gain velocity (WGV) and length gain velocity (LGV) using generalized estimating equations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The type of delivery was not associated with WGV or LGV in the first year of life. Higher mean WGV was observed among infants born to mothers with higher education, male infants, formula-fed infants, and those with the lowest birth weight, while infants with diarrhea had lower mean WGV. Higher mean LGV was found among formula-fed infants and infants born to taller mothers, while infants with the highest length at birth had lower LGV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The factors that explain WGV and LGV in this population are more closely related to maternal characteristics such as height and educational attainment, birth characteristics, feeding behavior, and morbidity than to the type of delivery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}