American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Socioeconomic Determinants of Regional Differences in Adult Height: A Pilot Study of 42 Russian Regions","authors":"Ainur A. Khafizova,&nbsp;Marina A. Negasheva,&nbsp;Alla A. Movsesian","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-population variability in adult height results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including ecological, economic, sociocultural, and psycho-emotional influences. The significant socioeconomic disparities across regions of the Russian Federation create distinct living conditions for their respective populations. This study aims to conduct a pilot investigation into the socioeconomic determinants of regional differences in adult height in contemporary populations, using data from 42 Russian regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilized published mean height values for young males and females, obtained from large-scale physical development screenings conducted across various Russian regions from the late 20th to the early 21st century. To comprehensively assess living standards and population health, 14 proxy variables were analyzed, grouped into five domains. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to identify environmental determinants of regional height variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The strongest correlations were observed between adult height and fertility rates, as well as infant mortality rates. Regression analysis further identified meat consumption and total fertility rate as the most significant predictors of spatial variation in adult height.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings indicate that population health, family structure, and nutritional status are the most influential environmental factors shaping regional differences in adult height in the early 21st century, particularly among cohorts born in the 1990s and 2000s.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis","authors":"Tara J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;Theresa E. Gildner,&nbsp;Samuel S. Urlacher,&nbsp;Melissa A. Liebert,&nbsp;Felicia C. Madimenos,&nbsp;Richard G. Bribiescas,&nbsp;Geeta Eick,&nbsp;Christopher Harrington,&nbsp;Lawrence S. Sugiyama,&nbsp;J. Josh Snodgrass","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The old friends hypothesis (OFH) examines connections between the global increase in immunoregulatory diseases (e.g., allergy and autoimmunity) and reduced exposure to immune-priming symbionts like soil-transmitted helminths. Helminth species, however, vary in their effects on hosts and should be considered separately. We examined relationships between species-specific helminth infection and circulating biomarkers of adaptive immune antibodies (total immunoglobulin E [IgE]), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and immune regulation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), among Indigenous Shuar adults. We predicted that STH infection would be (1) associated with higher levels of IgE and (2) lower levels of CRP, with (3) IL-6 driving these associations based on species-specific relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and seventeen Shuar adults provided stool and finger-prick blood samples. BCa bootstrap ANCOVA and partial correlation tests examined relationships among infection status (uninfected, <i>Ascaris</i> infected, <i>Trichuris</i> infected, coinfected), control variables (region, sex, age, body mass), and immune biomarkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On average, coinfected participants had the highest IgE compared to all other groups. <i>Ascaris</i>-infected individuals had, on average, the lowest CRP levels compared to any other group; this was only significant compared to uninfected participants (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Notably, IL-6 was positively correlated with IgE in <i>Ascaris</i>-infected individuals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and with CRP in <i>Trichuris</i>-infected individuals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), highlighting its role in differentiating between immunoregulation and inflammation based on species-specific infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune biomarkers varied by infection status: <i>Ascaris</i> infection may downregulate and <i>Trichuris</i> infection may exacerbate systemic inflammation. These preliminary findings suggest that STH species must be considered separately within the OFH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History and Legacy of Andean Research in Nuñoa, Peru","authors":"Michael A. Little,&nbsp;R. Brooke Thomas,&nbsp;Ralph M. Garruto","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high-altitude town and associated political district of Nuñoa, Peru, has served as an anthropological field research site for more than 60 years. The earliest studies were initiated by Paul T. Baker and his students from Penn State University in 1962. He supervised and guided research for over a decade, with a focus on the adaptation of the resident Quechua Natives to high-altitude hypoxia and cold. These studies included physiological research on exercise capacity and temperature regulation, surveys of nutrition and child growth, and a variety of other studies. Data collected during this period served as a baseline for many later studies. This Andean site, at 4000 m above sea level, continued to be a center of research in the 1980s under the direction of Brooke Thomas and his students from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. During this period, the theoretical perspectives shifted from one of environmental adaptation to altitude stresses to a combined environmental adaptation and political economy framework. At that time, an emphasis was placed on behavioral and cultural coping responses to the health of Indigenous families and the socioeconomic inequalities that had been built into the Nuñoa society. In the years that followed, a variety of studies were conducted by students and faculty from at least eight universities. This Nuñoa research served as a model for long-term field studies in human biology, contributed to the first overseas field experiences of many students, and led to the completion of more than 25 PhDs in high-altitude research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's Not the Language, It's Us: Recommendations on What Language Can Do and on What We as Writers Can Do","authors":"Cindi SturtzSreetharan,&nbsp;Janet S. Shibamoto-Smith","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Language is always already embedded in contexts. These contexts impact the ways that language is taken up, produced, <i>and</i> received. As such, making meaning out of language is a collaborative endeavor among producers, receivers, and bystanders . Here we draw on the literature to demonstrate what people believe about language and what language is. We review past attempts to create inclusivity in (written) language practices as well as discuss efforts by publishing houses to guide language use in publications. We end by offering a set of recommendations that we hope will be useful for a longer duration than simply changing lexicon.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biological Challenge of Urban Environments: Overview and Introduction to the Special Issue on Urbanism","authors":"Lawrence M. Schell","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By 2050, the World Bank estimates that 7 out of 10 humans will live in cities. Human biologists have recognized that urban environments involve biological challenges. Historically, cities present challenges from ineffective waste disposal, impure water and food, pollution, violence from internal and external sources, and socioeconomic inequality. For the past half century, human biologists have engaged in the study of biological responses to these and other features of urban environments using a variety of approaches. While there have been publications on urban human biology in the <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i>, this is the first special issue on the subject. Papers in this issue investigate some areas of long-standing concern, such as pollution and stress, inequality, and others that open new ground with new approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in Quilombola Communities in the Brazilian Amazon: Letter in Response to Correspondence From Hinpetch Daungsupawong and Viroj Wiwanitkit","authors":"Antonio Carlos R. Vallinoto,&nbsp;Izaura M. V. Cayres Vallinoto,&nbsp;Hilton P. da Silva,&nbsp;Rosimar Neris M. Feitosa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Fitness: Implications for Activity, Fitness, and Health During Youth and Adulthood","authors":"Robert M. Malina","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This overview considered the implications of adolescent physical activity and fitness for activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood; it is not, however, a systematic review. Several longitudinal studies that considered the timing of adolescence as a factor influencing physical activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood were initially considered. The tracking of physical activity, fitness, and health status across intervals within adulthood was then considered. Results of several longitudinal studies spanning adolescence and different age ranges in adulthood highlighted the implications of variation in the timing of adolescence for physical activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood. Although corresponding data tracking activity across adulthood were less extensive, the results highlighted the health-related benefits of regular physical activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocultural Determinants of Mothers' Complementary Feeding Decisions in the Urban Brazilian Amazon","authors":"B. A. Piperata,&nbsp;S. F. Fannin,&nbsp;T. Cestonaro,&nbsp;A. C. Brito-Azevedo,&nbsp;V. de Cássia Tavares da Silva,&nbsp;J. Mendonça Freire Pereira,&nbsp;R. Bittencourt Tavares Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Complementary feeding (CF) occurs during a critical period of infant growth and development with life-long health implications. Despite international efforts, there remains significant variation in the adequacy of complementary diets across settings. In Brazil, there is marked variation in adherence to CF guidelines and infant growth outcomes, with the north (Amazon) lagging other regions of the country. This study aimed to characterize the complementary diet and develop a model to explain feeding decisions in the Amazonian city of Belém.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With a sample of <i>n</i> = 30 mothers, we combined 24-h dietary recalls, a pile-sorting activity, and in-depth interviews to address study aims. Using descriptive statistics, we analyzed the pile-sort data to characterize the evolving complementary diet. Then, using thematic analysis of interview transcripts, we identified the most salient factors shaping mothers' feeding decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While there was variation in opinion regarding the timing of introduction of liquids other than breastmilk and ultra-processed convenience foods, we found high consensus regarding the ideal complementary diet which, beginning at 6 months, met WHO dietary diversity guidelines and evolved with infant age. Three themes—integrating and applying trusted sources of advice, infant readiness and future health, and challenges to feeding ideals—illustrate how socioeconomic, cultural, and infant bio-behavioral cues interact to shape CF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efforts to improve infant feeding must move beyond identifying individual factors and toward biocultural models that consider how political–economic and local contexts interact to influence the ethnomedical systems, household sociocultural dynamics, including income, gender, and age-based responsibilities, and power relations that shape feeding behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori in the Philippines: Social and Ecological Determinants of Seropositivity and Lack of Association With Systemic Inflammation","authors":"Cassie C. Lee,&nbsp;Aaron A. Miller,&nbsp;Paula S. Tallman,&nbsp;Shalean M. Collins,&nbsp;Theresa E. Gildner,&nbsp;Tara J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;Nanette R. Lee,&nbsp;Thomas W. McDade","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a bacterium that infects the stomach and is associated with various gastrointestinal outcomes and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We examined the role of sex in and the social and ecological factors associated with <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity (<i>n</i> = 124) and the relationship between seropositivity and systemic inflammation (<i>n</i> = 116) among adults in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Data were drawn from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey when participants were 21 years old. Anti-<i>H. pylori</i> antibody concentrations and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were analyzed in dried blood spots and plasma, respectively. The seroprevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> in this sample was 32.3%. In logistic regression analyses adjusting for sex, higher socioeconomic status (i.e., asset index) was associated with decreased likelihood of <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity (OR = 0.723, <i>p</i> = 0.015). Higher assets (OR = 0.688, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and higher hygiene (OR = 0.754, <i>p</i> = 0.026) were associated with decreased odds of <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity. Any level of excrement near the household, relative to no excrement (low excrement OR = 3.45, <i>p</i> = 0.036; high excrement OR = 3.96, <i>p</i> = 0.021), was associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Sex was not associated with seropositivity. Seropositivity was not associated with CRP concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.52). Our results support the role of both socioeconomic and hygienic determinants of <i>H. pylori</i> infection risk. These findings provide new insight into factors associated with <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity in a population with no previously identified infection risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence on “Socioecology and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Quilombolas Living in the Brazilian Amazon”","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}