American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting “Grandmothers and the Evolution of Human Longevity” 2003 AJHB https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10156","authors":"Kristen Hawkes","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compared to our closest living cousins, the great apes, humans can live longer with a distinctive postmenopausal lifespan; our development is slower, yet our babies are weaned earlier. Continued investigation since 2003 shows our grandmother hypothesis is a robust explanation for those differences and many other distinctive human features: When ecological changes in ancient Africa spread profitable foraging targets for ancestral adults that infants and small juveniles couldn't handle, reliable foraging by females near the end of their own fertility could subsidize dependent grandchildren and shorten their daughters' time to next conception. Coevolution of shorter birth intervals with slower aging expanded the pool of older still-fertile males. With more competitors, guarding a mate wins more paternities, linking pair bonds to our mid-life menopause. Mate guarding plus older males' advantage in reputation building explains many aspects of human patriarchy. In addition, final brain size in placental mammals depends on the duration of development. As increasing longevity slowed development and expanded brain size, earlier weaning of still physically helpless ancestral infants prioritized their attention and capacities to engage carers. Resulting socially precocious infancies wire us with lifelong appetites for cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Spatial Correlogram Patterns of Chinese Surnames","authors":"Xiaohui Fan,&nbsp;Xuemin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Gao,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li,&nbsp;Yida Yuan,&nbsp;Liujun Chen,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the historical diffusion and migration patterns of Chinese surnames by analyzing their spatial correlograms. The primary objectives are to identify typical correlogram categories, characterize each category, and explore the factors influencing the historical diffusion and migration processes that have shaped the spatial distributions of Chinese surnames.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data used in this study come from China's National Citizen Identity Information Center (NCIIC), which provides surname and prefecture information for 1.28 billion individuals. We calculate spatial correlograms to assess surname autocorrelation across varying geographic distances and apply cluster analysis to classify the 380 most common surnames, covering 97% of the population, into five categories based on their spatial correlograms. We examine the characteristics of correlograms across these categories and propose an index to capture the overall geographic distribution of surnames in a category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the analysis, five distinct categories of spatial correlograms are identified: C (cline), SC (slight cline), IBD (isolation by distance), D (depression), and IBD + D (isolation by distance + depression). Surnames in category C exhibit a broad and even distribution, with high autocorrelation in adjacent regions and a large diffusion range. Surnames in category SC show lower autocorrelation than those in category C but still exhibit a large diffusion range. Surnames in category IBD are highly concentrated in specific regions, with low autocorrelation and a smaller diffusion range. Surnames in both categories D and IBD + D display long-distance autocorrelation, featuring a distinct depression in their correlograms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surnames with long histories and significant influence, such as those in category C, tend to be broadly and evenly distributed, reflecting prolonged diffusion processes. Conversely, surnames with more recent origins or those that have experienced isolation, such as those in category IBD, typically exhibit more concentrated distributions. The study also highlights the role of large-scale, long-distance migration events in shaping Chinese surname distributions, particularly for surnames in categories D and IBD + D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Values of Arm Span and Arm Span to Height Ratio of Japanese Population in Childhood and Adolescence: Comparison With Dutch and Turkish Population","authors":"Yasuhiro Hirano,&nbsp;Mikako Inokuchi,&nbsp;Satoshi Narumi,&nbsp;Tomonobu Hasegawa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To establish age-specific reference values for the arm span and arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population in children and adolescence and elucidate their characteristics compared with those of other populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from a national survey on the body sizes of Japanese people conducted between 1992 and 1994 by the Research Institute of Human Engineering for Quality Life. This study was an observational cross-sectional study, including 6089 boys and 4970 girls aged between 5.5 and 18.5 years. We constructed the reference values and delineated the reference curves for the arm span and arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population in childhood and adolescence using the LMS method. The references were compared with those of the Dutch and Turkish populations using the reference curve of 0 standard deviation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The arm span of the Japanese population increased throughout childhood, with a particularly large increase at the age of puberty. The arm span/height ratio also increased slowly throughout childhood. The Japanese population had a smaller arm span/height ratio than the Dutch and Turkish populations of all ages in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, the arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population reached a constant value at an earlier age than in the Dutch and Turkish populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We constructed the first reference values for the arm span of Japanese children and adolescents. The Japanese population has shorter arm lengths in relation to their height, and their arm span/height ratio reaches a constant value at an earlier age, compared with the Dutch and Turkish populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Estimation of the Number of Aborted Girls in South Korea","authors":"Hyunkuk Cho","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Countries such as China and India are well known for their preference for sons. South Korea is another country with a long-standing preference for sons, with the sex ratio at birth (SRB) reaching as high as 116.5 in some years. Given that the normal SRB ranges from 105 to 107, a higher SRB suggests that some girls were likely aborted. This study estimates the number of girls aborted in the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using an SRB of 106 as normal, we first calculate the expected number of girls born (NEG) based on the actual number of newborn boys (NAB). That is, NEG = (100/106) × NAB. We then compare NEG with the actual number of newborn girls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 1981, 448 655 boys were born, which would imply that 423 259 girls were expected. However, since 418 754 girls were actually born that year, 4505 girls were likely aborted. In total, approximately 340 000 girls were aborted from 1981 to 2010, accounting for 3.8% of all female births.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated the number of aborted girls based on the number of boys born. Since some boys were likely aborted, the number of aborted girls is likely higher than 340 000. Therefore, this figure should be considered as an estimate of abortions due to son preference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Gender/Sex Identity","authors":"Anne Fausto-Sterling","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Until quite recently, investigations of gender/sex development operated from a baseline assumption that gender/sex is dichotomous or binary. Most such studies constructed gender/sex outside of or adjacent to specific cultures, and for the most part studied children from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) countries. In this paper I first advocate for four research guidelines—inclusivity, epistemic justice, materiality, and empiricism. I sketch out the historical background that still shapes contemporary studies into the psychology of gender/sex identity in infants and toddlers. Next, I point toward methods for the study of gender/sex in infants and toddlers that have the potential to make nonbinary development visible and to develop culturally diverse concepts of identity development. Finally, I challenge psychologists and others to view and operationalize the study of identity as a relational, phenomenological entity rather than a fixed feature of the individual psyche.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone, 8-Oxo-2′-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Adult Shuar Males of Amazonian Ecuador: A Test for Evidence of Trade-Offs Between Reproductive Effort and Oxidative Stress","authors":"R. G. Bribiescas,&nbsp;A. Sancilio,&nbsp;D. Amir,&nbsp;T. J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;T. Gildner,&nbsp;M. A. Liebert,&nbsp;F. Madimenos,&nbsp;S. S. Urlacher,&nbsp;J. Snodgrass,&nbsp;L. Sugiyama","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reproductive effort incurs the cost of biological aging and morbidity by compromising somatic maintenance when key resources are limited. Oxidative stress is positively correlated with reproductive effort in adult human females and non-human male animal models, but human males are understudied. We hypothesized that due to its anabolic and metabolic promotion of reproductive effort in human males, testosterone would be positively associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary testosterone in adult Shuar males of Amazonia Ecuador, a foraging/horticultural population, was measured with urinary 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), a protective antioxidant against oxidative stress. Age and anthropometric measures were included in multivariate models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant correlation was observed between testosterone and 8-OHdG, <i>r</i>² = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.61, <i>n</i> = 29, or Cu/Zn SOD, <i>r</i>² = 0.0005, <i>p</i> = 0.93, <i>n</i> = 17. Multiple linear regression models including testosterone, Cu/Zn SOD, anthropometrics, and age, with 8-OHdG as the dependent variable, were modestly supportive of an association. The most parsimonious 8-OHdG model included age, Cu/Zn SOD, and testosterone (<i>R</i>^{2 adjusted} = 0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.04, AICc = 141.95). All multivariate models for Cu/Zn SOD were not significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxidative stress may not be a cost of reproductive effort in this population of adult males; perhaps due to consistently low testosterone levels in non-industrialized populations, differences in the metabolic cost of reproductive effort between males and females (i.e., aerobic metabolism), and/or study limitations based on cross-sectional measures of oxidative stress and testosterone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of the Nuñoa, Perú High Altitude Field Research Site and How It Shaped Our Understanding of Functional Adaptation to High-Altitude Stressors","authors":"A. Roberto Frisancho","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of physical growth and development of Indigenous children from Nuñoa, Perú, in the 1960s showed that growth in body size and skeletal maturation was slow and delayed, while growth in lung volume, measured by forced vital capacity (FVC), was accelerated. Hence, I proposed that the high functional adaptation of high-altitude natives was influenced by developmental processes. To test this hypothesis, my co-investigators and I conducted two sets of major physiological studies at high altitudes. The first studies were conducted in Cusco (3400 m) and Puno (3840 m), Perú. This research showed that the FVC and aerobic capacity of low-altitude Peruvian urban natives acclimatized to high altitudes during the developmental period were similar to those of high-altitude urban natives. In contrast, Peruvian and US participants acclimatized during adulthood did not have the same FVC and aerobic capacity as the high-altitude urban natives. The second set of studies was carried out in the city of La Paz, Bolivia (3752 m), and included Europeans who were acclimatized to high altitudes at different ages. This research confirmed that acclimatization during the developmental period was a major component of the high functional adaptation among high-altitude urban natives. These conclusions have been confirmed by epigenetic studies, which demonstrated that acclimatization to high altitude leads to modifications in the activity of the DNA that facilitate adaptation during the developmental period.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Precision Medicine” and the Failed Search for Binary Brain Sex Differences to Address Gender Behavioral Health Disparities","authors":"Lise Eliot","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human brain imaging took off in the 1980s and has since flooded the zone in the analysis of gender differences in behavior and mental health. Couched in the aims of “precision medicine,” the vast majority of this research has taken a binary approach, dividing participants according to the M/F box at intake and asserting that the sex differences found in neuroimaging will lead to important advances for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the actual findings from this 40-year project have not lived up to its promise, in part because of the over-binarization of sex and general ignorance of gender as a complex variable influencing human behavior and brain function. This paper reviews the history of failed claims about male–female brain difference in the modern era, illuminates the deep-pocketed incentives driving such research, and examines the limitations of this binary approach for understanding gender-related behavior and health disparities. It then considers more recent efforts to “break the binary” by using measures of “gender” in addition to “sex” as an independent variable in brain imaging studies. Given the multidimensional nature of gender—as identity, expression, roles and relations—this is challenging to implement, with initial efforts producing little of substance. Better approaches to addressing male–female disparities in brain health will require focusing on specific behaviors (e.g., anxiety, risk-taking, verbal memory, spatial navigation) and specific components of sex and gender (e.g., body size, hormone levels, gene expression, caregiver role, financial independence, discrimination) when seeking brain-behavior correlates in a diverse population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delaying Motherhood—An Increasingly Common but Risky Trend in High-Income Countries","authors":"Magdalena Kraus,&nbsp;Beda Hartmann,&nbsp;Sylvia Kirchengast","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal age at first birth is increasing in most high-income countries. The associations between advanced maternal age and perinatal complications, as well as newborn parameters, were analyzed using a dataset of 6831 singleton births among first-time mothers taking place in Vienna, Austria, between 2010 and 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this single-center medical records-based retrospective study, the following obstetrical parameters have been included: conception mode, preterm birth (&lt; 37th gestational week), labor induction, planned or emergency cesarean sections, adverse child presentation, newborn size, and Apgar scores. The outcomes of first-time mothers older than 35 and 40 years, respectively, were compared to a reference group of first-time mothers aged between 20 and 34 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>First-time mothers aged 35 and older show a significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.009 resp. <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) higher risk of preterm births, with a 1.32-fold risk for women between 35 and 39 years and a 2.35-fold risk for women aged 40 and older. Maternal age is also significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) associated with an increased rate of medically induced labor, cesarean sections, and low-weight newborns (&lt; 2500 g). In contrast, there was no significant difference in Apgar scores among the newborns of different maternal age groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Advanced maternal age at first birth is a relevant risk factor for certain obstetric and neonatal complications. Delaying motherhood is a risky trend.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of Environmental Factors Associated With Global Differences in Birth Weight and BMI","authors":"Per M. Jensen,&nbsp;Marten Sørensen","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The “fetal origin of adult diseases hypothesis” encompasses the notion that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) alters fetal development trajectories. Various neonatal metrics inform IUGR, but not all contributors to IUGR have an impact on development trajectories. Chronic IUGR (twins) and slowly varying IUGR (seasonal) have little to no effect on later life trajectories. Perhaps development trajectories may evolve through other mechanisms, as for example, multiple short-lived periods of IUGR and repeated stimulation of metabolic pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily temperature variation could deliver a frequent IUGR as pregnant women would experience some degree of placental vasoconstriction during maximum/midday temperatures. We assessed the association with daily temperature amplitudes for globally distributed records of crude fetal growth rates (CFGR) and BMI. Paired birthweight (BW) and gestational age (GA) data permitted analyses of CFGR in 70 countries and subsequent analysis of CFGR for association with daily temperature amplitude, seasonal temperature amplitude, mean annual temperature, calorie intake per day per⁻¹ person⁻¹, BMI, height, and socioeconomic conditions. Analog analyses were performed for gestational age, calorie intake, BMI, and height.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CFGR and BMI showed a clear association with daily temperature amplitudes, which was not the case for gestational age, calorie intake, and height.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show that daily temperature amplitudes are associated with both CFGR and BMI. These results permit a wider ecological appreciation of the hypothesis because daily temperature amplitudes inform environmental aridity and food scarcity. We discuss how scarcity, affluence, and the epidemiological environment influence the prevalence of afflictions associated with the fetal origin of adult disease hypothesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}