American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Association Between 24-h Movement Behavior, Physical Fitness, and Inhibitory Control in School Adolescents: A Complex Network Analysis","authors":"Rafael Santos dos Cruz,&nbsp;Ana Clara Cassimiro Nunes,&nbsp;João Paulo Rodrigues dos Santos,&nbsp;Vagner Deuel de O. Tavares,&nbsp;Isabela Almeida Ramos,&nbsp;André Igor Fonteles,&nbsp;Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira,&nbsp;Clarice Maria Lucena de Martins,&nbsp;Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the interrelationships between 24-h movement behaviors, health-related physical fitness, and inhibitory control performance in adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 216 Brazilian adolescents (aged 16.7 ± 1.2 years) from a federal public school. Movement behaviors—moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), smartphone screen time, sleep duration, and excessive daytime sleepiness—were assessed using the Global School-based Student Health Survey, digital well-being tools, and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale. Aerobic capacity was measured using the PACER test, muscular strength by the FitnessGram push-up test, and body composition through body mass index. Inhibitory control was assessed using the Flanker task (E-Prime v3.0). Separate network analyses were performed for congruent and incongruent reaction times (RT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physically active adolescents had faster RTs than their insufficiently active peers, with physical activity negatively associated with RT in both the congruent (−0.116) and incongruent (−0.125) networks. Aerobic capacity (e.g., expected influence: 0.879–0.902) and muscular strength (expected influence: 1.360–1.384) appeared as central components in both network structures. However, no associations were found between sleep duration, screen time, or excessive daytime sleepiness and inhibitory control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adherence to MVPA guidelines was directly associated with improved inhibitory control performance among adolescents. Health-related physical fitness, particularly aerobic capacity and muscular strength, was indirectly associated with inhibitory control. Other movement behaviors were not associated with cognitive performance in this sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Consanguinity and Fertility in Pakistan: Comment on Saleem et al. (2025)","authors":"Ho-Fang Hsueh,&nbsp;Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood Histories: White Flight Associated With Poor Health in Phoenix, Arizona","authors":"Audrey Dervarics,&nbsp;Deirdre Pfeiffer,&nbsp;Robin G. Nelson","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neighborhoods and the built environment play a vital role in determining our health. But the majority of studies uncovering this relationship are cross-sectional, which can belie the fact that neighborhoods are shaped by historical processes over decades. In this study, we use white flight, the departure of white residents from an area, as our historical anchor to understand associations between current health outcomes and the histories of neighborhoods in Phoenix, Arizona. Given the link between white flight and investment trajectories and resources across a city, we posit it as a fundamental cause of past and present poor health and a detrimental health exposure. Using census data from 1980 to 2020, we assessed white flight's tie to economic and housing outcomes through Difference in Difference models and white flight's connection with a range of health outcomes through cluster regression models, grouped by spatial area. Census tracts that experienced white flight had significantly worse outcomes for median income, house value, and gross rent. Individuals living in areas with white flight had worse general wellbeing, less leisure-time physical activity, and higher chronic disease-related outcomes than those living in areas without white flight. Furthermore, individuals living in tracts that experienced white flight earlier had significantly higher rates of poor health. The compounding disadvantage of white flight has critical impacts on the health and wealth of neighborhoods; more studies need to focus on the historical and longitudinal histories of neighborhoods in order to understand the complicated associations between racial health disparities and place.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of the Distal Limbs to Height and Proportions in Different Socioeconomic Groups","authors":"Gamze Hayırsever,&nbsp;Yılmaz Selim Erdal","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The distal limbs (radius/ulna and tibia/fibula) are known to exhibit greater plasticity to external factors than the proximal limbs. However, the specific ways in which various factors influence the distal limbs, and the methods to assess the degree of their impact, remain insufficiently explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate how the body parts of adults who grew up under varying social, economic conditions, and physical stress adapt to these factors. Additionally, it sought to determine the role of the distal limbs in body proportions under different environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Subjects and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An anthropometric survey was conducted in Samsun, Turkey, involving 623 individuals (304 females and 319 males) aged 20–45 years. To examine the effects of socioeconomic structure and physical stress, the sample was categorized into three groups: an upper socioeconomic status group (<i>n</i>:202), a lower socioeconomic non-working group (<i>n</i>:210) and a lower socioeconomic heavy working group (<i>n</i>:211). One-way ANOVA was conducted to analyze intergroup differences, while Model 4 of the SPSS Macro Mediation Analysis (Bootstrap Method) was used to assess the contribution of distal limb measurements to upper and lower body segments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Socioeconomic differences in height were significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Tibia length was greater in the high socioeconomic group but shorter in the heavy working and non-heavy working groups. The contribution of forearm length showed more significant variation between the different groups, particularly in the heavy working group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that socioeconomic factors and physical stress influence distal limb development. While stress suppresses tibial growth, it promotes forearm length, emphasizing the role of forearm length in body proportions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Revisiting Physiological and Theoretical Dimensions of Stable Isotope Variation in Human Tissues","authors":"Laurie J. Reitsema","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Typically used to reconstruct diets and migration histories, isotope ratios in human tissues also reflect physiological states associated with health and stress. The publication in 2013 of a paper in the <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i> reviewing such cases has been widely cited. This article revisits this topic and reviews key research exploring the use of isotope ratios as a means for evaluating physiological processes. The review permits a critical evaluation of how scholarly works have engaged with the potential to add physiological factors to well-trodden models of how isotope ratios become fixed in the body by considering recent theoretical trends in the social sciences and conducting a meta-analysis of a select body of literature published in the period of 2013–2024 to see how exactly research has engaged with the topic. This approach reveals that while stable isotope data do have exciting future applications to understanding physiology, stress, and disease states, this potential is still underdeveloped, with published research more often using physiology as a “disclaimer” for unexplained isotope variation than deliberately testing and advancing the potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Determinants of Regional Differences in Adult Height: A Pilot Study of 42 Russian Regions","authors":"Ainur A. Khafizova,&nbsp;Marina A. Negasheva,&nbsp;Alla A. Movsesian","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-population variability in adult height results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including ecological, economic, sociocultural, and psycho-emotional influences. The significant socioeconomic disparities across regions of the Russian Federation create distinct living conditions for their respective populations. This study aims to conduct a pilot investigation into the socioeconomic determinants of regional differences in adult height in contemporary populations, using data from 42 Russian regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilized published mean height values for young males and females, obtained from large-scale physical development screenings conducted across various Russian regions from the late 20th to the early 21st century. To comprehensively assess living standards and population health, 14 proxy variables were analyzed, grouped into five domains. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to identify environmental determinants of regional height variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The strongest correlations were observed between adult height and fertility rates, as well as infant mortality rates. Regression analysis further identified meat consumption and total fertility rate as the most significant predictors of spatial variation in adult height.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings indicate that population health, family structure, and nutritional status are the most influential environmental factors shaping regional differences in adult height in the early 21st century, particularly among cohorts born in the 1990s and 2000s.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis","authors":"Tara J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;Theresa E. Gildner,&nbsp;Samuel S. Urlacher,&nbsp;Melissa A. Liebert,&nbsp;Felicia C. Madimenos,&nbsp;Richard G. Bribiescas,&nbsp;Geeta Eick,&nbsp;Christopher Harrington,&nbsp;Lawrence S. Sugiyama,&nbsp;J. Josh Snodgrass","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The old friends hypothesis (OFH) examines connections between the global increase in immunoregulatory diseases (e.g., allergy and autoimmunity) and reduced exposure to immune-priming symbionts like soil-transmitted helminths. Helminth species, however, vary in their effects on hosts and should be considered separately. We examined relationships between species-specific helminth infection and circulating biomarkers of adaptive immune antibodies (total immunoglobulin E [IgE]), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and immune regulation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), among Indigenous Shuar adults. We predicted that STH infection would be (1) associated with higher levels of IgE and (2) lower levels of CRP, with (3) IL-6 driving these associations based on species-specific relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and seventeen Shuar adults provided stool and finger-prick blood samples. BCa bootstrap ANCOVA and partial correlation tests examined relationships among infection status (uninfected, <i>Ascaris</i> infected, <i>Trichuris</i> infected, coinfected), control variables (region, sex, age, body mass), and immune biomarkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On average, coinfected participants had the highest IgE compared to all other groups. <i>Ascaris</i>-infected individuals had, on average, the lowest CRP levels compared to any other group; this was only significant compared to uninfected participants (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Notably, IL-6 was positively correlated with IgE in <i>Ascaris</i>-infected individuals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and with CRP in <i>Trichuris</i>-infected individuals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), highlighting its role in differentiating between immunoregulation and inflammation based on species-specific infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune biomarkers varied by infection status: <i>Ascaris</i> infection may downregulate and <i>Trichuris</i> infection may exacerbate systemic inflammation. These preliminary findings suggest that STH species must be considered separately within the OFH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History and Legacy of Andean Research in Nuñoa, Peru","authors":"Michael A. Little,&nbsp;R. Brooke Thomas,&nbsp;Ralph M. Garruto","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high-altitude town and associated political district of Nuñoa, Peru, has served as an anthropological field research site for more than 60 years. The earliest studies were initiated by Paul T. Baker and his students from Penn State University in 1962. He supervised and guided research for over a decade, with a focus on the adaptation of the resident Quechua Natives to high-altitude hypoxia and cold. These studies included physiological research on exercise capacity and temperature regulation, surveys of nutrition and child growth, and a variety of other studies. Data collected during this period served as a baseline for many later studies. This Andean site, at 4000 m above sea level, continued to be a center of research in the 1980s under the direction of Brooke Thomas and his students from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. During this period, the theoretical perspectives shifted from one of environmental adaptation to altitude stresses to a combined environmental adaptation and political economy framework. At that time, an emphasis was placed on behavioral and cultural coping responses to the health of Indigenous families and the socioeconomic inequalities that had been built into the Nuñoa society. In the years that followed, a variety of studies were conducted by students and faculty from at least eight universities. This Nuñoa research served as a model for long-term field studies in human biology, contributed to the first overseas field experiences of many students, and led to the completion of more than 25 PhDs in high-altitude research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's Not the Language, It's Us: Recommendations on What Language Can Do and on What We as Writers Can Do","authors":"Cindi SturtzSreetharan,&nbsp;Janet S. Shibamoto-Smith","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Language is always already embedded in contexts. These contexts impact the ways that language is taken up, produced, <i>and</i> received. As such, making meaning out of language is a collaborative endeavor among producers, receivers, and bystanders . Here we draw on the literature to demonstrate what people believe about language and what language is. We review past attempts to create inclusivity in (written) language practices as well as discuss efforts by publishing houses to guide language use in publications. We end by offering a set of recommendations that we hope will be useful for a longer duration than simply changing lexicon.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biological Challenge of Urban Environments: Overview and Introduction to the Special Issue on Urbanism","authors":"Lawrence M. Schell","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By 2050, the World Bank estimates that 7 out of 10 humans will live in cities. Human biologists have recognized that urban environments involve biological challenges. Historically, cities present challenges from ineffective waste disposal, impure water and food, pollution, violence from internal and external sources, and socioeconomic inequality. For the past half century, human biologists have engaged in the study of biological responses to these and other features of urban environments using a variety of approaches. While there have been publications on urban human biology in the <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i>, this is the first special issue on the subject. Papers in this issue investigate some areas of long-standing concern, such as pollution and stress, inequality, and others that open new ground with new approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}