American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Postpartum Maternal Stress is Unrelated to the Infant Fecal Microbiome, but is Associated With the Human Milk Microbiome in Exclusively Breastfeeding Mother-Infant Dyads: The Mother-Infant Microbiomes, Behavior, and Ecology Study (MIMBES)","authors":"Elizabeth A. Holdsworth,&nbsp;Janet E. Williams,&nbsp;Ryan M. Pace,&nbsp;Beatrice Caffé,&nbsp;Maria Gartstein,&nbsp;Mark A. McGuire,&nbsp;Michelle K. McGuire,&nbsp;Courtney L. Meehan","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate whether postpartum maternal stress is associated with infant gastrointestinal microbiome composition and diversity, and whether this relationship may be mediated by maternal caregiving and breastfeeding behaviors and human milk microbiome (HMM) composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infant fecal and human milk samples were collected from 51 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant dyads in the Pacific Northwest between 1 and 6 months postpartum. Infant fecal samples with sequencing read counts &gt; 773 (<i>n</i> = 48) and milk samples with read counts &gt; 200 (<i>n</i> = 46) were analyzed for bacterial alpha diversity (richness, Shannon diversity), beta diversity (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), and genera differential abundances. Infant fecal microbiome (IFM) measures were tested for associations with mothers' self-reported Parenting Stress Index total and subscale scores in regression (richness, Shannon diversity), envfit (beta diversity), and MaAsLin2 (genera abundance) models. Potential mediators of the relationship between maternal stress and IFM were explored (observed total time breastfeeding; maternal–infant physical contact frequency; and HMM alpha diversity, beta diversity, and genera abundance).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal stress was not associated with IFM alpha or beta diversities. Two maternal stress subscales were associated with differential abundances of <i>Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003</i> (positively) and <i>Eggerthella</i> (negatively) in infant feces. Maternal total stress and two stress subscales (Role Restriction, Attachment) were associated positively with HMM beta diversity (q_attachment = 0.07) and negatively with HMM richness (q_total = 0.08, q_role = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postpartum stress is not consistently associated with IFM composition during exclusive breastfeeding. However, postpartum maternal stress is associated with HMM diversity, suggesting that maternal stress might influence other developmental pathways in the breastfeeding infant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Behavioral–Physiological Buffering of Mothers' Milk Facilitates Drought Adaptability of Pastoralists and Agropastoralists in Northern Kenya","authors":"M. Fujita,&nbsp;K. Wander,&nbsp;B. Straight,&nbsp;G. Wamwere-Njoroge","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers physiologically buffer key milk nutrient content against nutritional stress. How this is nested in upstream behavioral buffering is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study explored whether pastoralists and agropastoralists' economic or other behavioral coping strategies against droughts, such as livestock sales and child fosterage, influence maternal risk for malnutrition or milk nutrient content.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from 221 breastfeeding mothers in drought-stricken northern Kenya, we estimated generalized structural equation models to evaluate pathways linking behavioral coping variables to maternal malnutrition—underweight, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and folate deficiency (hyperhomocysteinemia)—and to milk energy, retinol, and folate content directly or mediated by maternal malnutrition. Predictors of interest included land size, proportion of cattle/goat herds sold, children fostered/adopted out, and children living at home. Akaike Information Criterion guided model fit assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Land size was positively associated with maternal underweight and VAD. Child fosterage and cattle sold were inversely associated with underweight, while child fosterage and goats/sheep sold were positively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Children living at home were inversely associated with VAD, particularly with larger land size, and positively associated with milk retinol. Milk folate was positively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavioral buffering strategies, such as fostering out children, offer incomplete protection against maternal malnutrition. The lack of effects of investigated behavioral buffering strategies on milk variables suggests physiological buffering closes the gap left by incomplete behavioral buffering. Dual behavioral-physiological buffering facilitates the drought adaptability of agropastoralists, yet heavy reliance on physiological buffering for micronutrients suggests high maternal cost.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participants and Non-Participants in Organized Sports 11–14 Years: Growth, Maturity Status, Physical Activity, Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness","authors":"Robert M. Malina,&nbsp;António Antunes,&nbsp;Élvio Gouveia,&nbsp;Gonçalo Marques,&nbsp;Martine Thomis,&nbsp;Duarte Freitas","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the growth and maturity status, physical activity, motor coordination, and physical fitness of youth participants and non-participants in organized sports.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Subjects and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample included 161 boys and 187 girls 11–12 years and 128 boys and 143 girls 13–14 years. Height, weight, skeletal age (SA), physical activity, motor coordination, and fitness were assessed. Sex-specific comparisons of participants and non-participants in sport within each chronological age (CA) group were evaluated with independent-samples <i>t</i>-tests and one-way between-groups analyses of covariance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differences in CA, SA, and body size of participants and non-participants in sport were negligible. Youth active in sport reported higher levels of physical activity within each CA group and sex. Among youth 11–12 years, boys participating in sport performed better than non-participants in the four motor coordination tasks, while girls participating in sport performed significantly better than non-participants in jumping side-to-side. Among youth 13–14 years, the two groups of boys did not differ in motor coordination, while girls participating in sport performed better than non-participants in balancing backwards. Boys active in sport in both CA groups were more proficient in most physical fitness tests, while girls active in sport were more proficient only in sit-ups in both CA groups, and in the standing long jump and bent arm hang at 13–14 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Youth participants in sport were physically more active and generally performed better in motor coordination and fitness items, although the significance of differences varied among tasks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Aspects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Gower, B.</span>, <span>M. Russell</span>, <span>J. M. Tomkinson</span>, <span>S. J. Peterson</span>, <span>M. G. Klug</span>, and <span>G. R. Tomkinson</span>. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Aspects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</span>.” <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i> <span>37</span>, no. <span>4</span>: e70040. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70040.\u0000 </p><p>There was a small error in Figure 2. The GRADE score for the bottom meta-analysis (mechanical efficiency) should have appeared as “low certainty” instead of “moderate certainty”. The low certainty grade associated with the mechanical efficiency meta-analysis was correctly reported in the main text (Section 3.5) and supplement material (Data S4) but not in Figure 2.</p><p>The corrected figure and its caption are presented here.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of the Male/Female Binary for Studying the Influences of Sex- and Gender-Related Factors on Health","authors":"Stacey A. Ritz","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Momentum has been building for several decades around the value of incorporating sex and gender considerations in biomedical, clinical, and health research more broadly. In that period, there has been a proliferation of guidelines, policies, definitions, methods, and conceptual frameworks for doing so, which is both constructive and challenging: the diversity of concepts and methods generates knowledge that highlights different aspects of the phenomena under study, but at the same time, it can create inconsistency and fragmentation around the operationalization and interpretation of research attending to sex and gender considerations in health. A male–female binary approach to examining how sex and gender influence health has predominated in many domains, and although this has value for helping to identify health disparities related to sex and gender, there are also some important limitations of an uncritical overreliance on male–female comparisons; three case studies from the biomedical literature are used to help illustrate some of these limitations. Ultimately, there is no single correct approach to addressing sex and gender in health research. I contend that the most crucial element is that researchers need to bring careful and critical attention to the incorporation of sex and gender considerations in ways that are appropriate for their research context and understand and articulate the limitations of their chosen approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Epstein–Barr Virus Antibody Levels as a Biomarker of Socioecological Adversity in Amazonian Ecuador","authors":"Tyler M. Barrett,&nbsp;Melissa A. Liebert,&nbsp;Geeta N. Eick,&nbsp;Julia G. Ridgeway-Diaz,&nbsp;Felicia C. Madimenos,&nbsp;Aaron D. Blackwell,&nbsp;Tara J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;Samuel S. Urlacher,&nbsp;Lawrence S. Sugiyama,&nbsp;J. Josh Snodgrass","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Circulating Epstein–Barr virus antibodies (EBV-Ab) are used as a biomarker of chronic stress in high-income settings, but their relevance in environments with a high burden of infectious disease, nutritional constraints, and limited resources is less clear. We investigated EBV-Ab as a biomarker of adversity in a setting where local ecology and economy may affect immune development differently than in wealthy countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured EBV-Ab in finger-prick dried blood spots collected from Indigenous Shuar (<i>n</i> = 433) and non-Indigenous <i>Colonos</i> (<i>n</i> = 84) ranging from &lt; 1 to 87 years old in Amazonian Ecuador. For a subset of adults (≥ 15 years, <i>n</i> = 210), we collected socioeconomic information (income, education, and occupation) and assessed household-level market integration. We determined the most important predictors of EBV-Ab for adults and children using multi-model averaging of linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male children (&lt; 15 years) had lower EBV-Ab than female children (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: −0.238 [0.066]). For adults, Shuar had higher EBV-Ab than <i>Colonos</i> (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: 0.235 [0.113]), and high systolic blood pressure was an important predictor of elevated EBV-Ab (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: 0.088 [0.047]). Individuals who reported unpaid domestic work as their primary occupation had higher EBV-Ab than agricultural workers (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: 0.302 [0.113]). Individuals living in houses with more market-sourced infrastructure had lower EBV-Ab (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: −0.088 [0.068]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Circulating EBV-Ab may capture context-specific aspects of socioecological adversity in Amazonian Ecuador, highlighting disparities in EBV-Ab between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Ecuadorians and differences in immune function related to market integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Hypertension Disease","authors":"Refik Servi,&nbsp;Ramazan Fazil Akkoc,&nbsp;Feyza Aksu,&nbsp;Seda Cetin,&nbsp;Ahmet Kavaklı,&nbsp;Murat Ogeturk","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait thought to reflect prenatal exposure to sex hormones. 2D:4D has been proposed as a potential biomarker for various adult diseases, and evidence suggests that it may also predict cardiovascular disease risk. This study aimed to ascertain the 2D:4D of both hands in patients with hypertension and to determine whether there were any differences between this ratio and that of a control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was carried out on 400 subjects with a hypertension diagnosis, 200 males and 200 females, and the same number of 400 healthy subjects. 2D:4D was calculated by measuring the lengths of both hands' second and fourth fingers for males and females. The height, weight, and mean body mass index were also calculated for the hypertension and control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean BMI was significantly higher in the hypertension group, in the overweight category, whereas it was in the normal weight category in the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The 2D:4D was significantly higher in both males and females with hypertension compared to controls. In males, the 2D:4D was elevated in both the right and left hands in the hypertension group compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.001). A similar trend was observed in females, with significantly higher 2D:4D in both hands in the hypertension group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2D:4D may be regarded as a significant factor in determining a person's risk of hypertension from birth, allowing those in the risk group to lead more preventive lives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Anemia in Xavante Indigenous Children From Central Brazil","authors":"Larissa de Lima Alves Paresque,&nbsp;Juliana de Bem Lignani,&nbsp;Rui Arantes,&nbsp;James R. Welch,&nbsp;Carlos E. A. Coimbra Jr.,&nbsp;Aline Alves Ferreira","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective was to evaluate the factors associated with anemia in Xavante children from the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Territory (IT) in Central Brazil through path analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A survey was conducted with children between 6 months and 5 years in the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve in 2011. Hemoglobin levels, anthropometric measurements, and socioeconomic/demographic data were collected, and cut-off points were recommended by the World Health Organization in 2024. A theoretical model was adapted from previous literature, and direct and indirect associations were evaluated on a theoretical-scientific basis through path analysis. A significance level of 5% was considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 61.1% of the Indigenous children evaluated had anemia (33.7% &lt; 5 years old had moderate/severe anemia and 78.1% &lt; 2 years old had anemia). The final model presented an acceptable fit. Significant and direct relationships were observed between children's age (<i>β</i> = 0.460), the number of residents in the household (<i>β</i> = −0.143), the village group (<i>β</i> = −0.346) and hemoglobin levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to their hemoglobin levels, anemia was more prevalent in children under 2 years of age, as well as in children living in the most populous households and the newest village groups, than in the other groups. These findings point to the existence of socioeconomic, demographic, historical, and biological determinants of the prevalence of anemia. In addition, this study showed that Indigenous peoples in Brazil experience health inequities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Obesity, and Biochemical Markers in Elderly Outpatients","authors":"Phuong Thi Minh Bui,&nbsp;Tien Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Tien Quoc Nguyen,&nbsp;Cuong Duy Nguyen,&nbsp;Binh Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Anh Minh Hoang,&nbsp;Trung Viet Vu,&nbsp;Dat Minh Le,&nbsp;Van Hang Nguyet Nguyen,&nbsp;Dung Van Tran","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep quality (measured by The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—PSQI), body mass index (BMI), and obesity status, and to explore whether metabolic factors (e.g., fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) influence this association in elderly outpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 elderly people at Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Vietnam from October 2023 to June 2024. Adults who were 60 years and older underwent outpatient evaluations and biochemical blood tests and were recruited through convenience sampling. Sleep quality was self-reported (PSQI), whereas BMI and biochemical markers were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average PSQI score was 11.00 ± 2.68, and the average BMI was 22.56 ± 2.36. The older adults with normal sleep quality had a significantly higher BMI than those with poor sleep quality (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The obesity rate was 13.1%, while metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 36.4% of participants. Logistic regression revealed that higher education levels were associated with increased odds of poor sleep quality compared to those with primary education and lower. There was no association between sleep quality, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that education level and BMI significantly affected sleep quality; however, no association was found between sleep quality and obesity or metabolic syndrome in older adults. Improving sleep habits should be considered in the weight management of the elderly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Calibrated Morphs to Facial Stimuli: The Beauty of a Statistically Informed Picture","authors":"Sonja Windhager,&nbsp;Katrin Schaefer,&nbsp;Bernhard Fink","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70048","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The interest in physical appearance and attractiveness is presumably much older than modern humans. The depiction of the human face and body is the subject of many artworks including the Upper Paleolithic Venus figurines (e.g., the Venus of Willendorf, c. 30 000 years ago) and many paintings and sculptures of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The scientific inquiry into the systematic variation of physical appearance also has a long history. Egyptian artisans already used square grids and standard proportions to produce consistent depictions of human and other figures (Robins &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;). In “Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology,” Dennis E. Slice (&lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;, 1) summarized more recent developments in the scientific inquiry of the human physique as follows: “Johann Sigismund Elsholtz formalized the scientific measurement of living individuals, &lt;i&gt;anthropometry&lt;/i&gt;, in his 1654 Doctoral dissertation (Kolar and Salter &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;), and his particular interest in symmetry would appeal to many present-day anthropologists and general biologists. From the 19th century to the present day, the measurement and analysis of human beings and their skeletal remains have been a central theme in anthropology, though not always with beneficent motivation (e.g., Gould &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;). During this time, anthropologists have often taken advantage of the state-of-the-art in statistical methodology, but they have not been just passive consumers of technological innovation. Indeed, pervasive interest in our own species, its artifacts, and our closest relatives has motivated and contributed much to the development of statistical methods that are now taken for granted in areas far afield from anthropology. The early work of the biometric laboratory established by Galton and Pearson bears witness to the vital interplay between the development of statistical methodology and anthropological research (e.g., Mahalanobis 1928, 1930; Morant 1928, 1939; Pearson 1903, 1933).”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dynamic interplay between physical anthropology and statistical advancements persists because emerging methods in shape analysis are often driven by anthropological inquiries. Conversely, the introduction of novel morphometric tools fosters new research opportunities and presents robust alternatives to conventional approaches. Key contributions encompass projections of future directions in morphometrics, advancements in shape analysis methodologies, and examples illustrating how state-of-the-art morphometric techniques help address fundamental research questions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By about 1880, Francis Galton combined photographic portraits into composite images leading to the observation that similar features of family members were particularly defined (Galton &lt;span&gt;1878&lt;/span&gt;). More than 100 years later, the technique was resurrected and facilitated empirical approaches to understanding human responses to facial variation. Some scholars will remember the video of","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}