American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Obesity, and Biochemical Markers in Elderly Outpatients","authors":"Phuong Thi Minh Bui,&nbsp;Tien Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Tien Quoc Nguyen,&nbsp;Cuong Duy Nguyen,&nbsp;Binh Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Anh Minh Hoang,&nbsp;Trung Viet Vu,&nbsp;Dat Minh Le,&nbsp;Van Hang Nguyet Nguyen,&nbsp;Dung Van Tran","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep quality (measured by The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—PSQI), body mass index (BMI), and obesity status, and to explore whether metabolic factors (e.g., fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) influence this association in elderly outpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 elderly people at Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Vietnam from October 2023 to June 2024. Adults who were 60 years and older underwent outpatient evaluations and biochemical blood tests and were recruited through convenience sampling. Sleep quality was self-reported (PSQI), whereas BMI and biochemical markers were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average PSQI score was 11.00 ± 2.68, and the average BMI was 22.56 ± 2.36. The older adults with normal sleep quality had a significantly higher BMI than those with poor sleep quality (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The obesity rate was 13.1%, while metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 36.4% of participants. Logistic regression revealed that higher education levels were associated with increased odds of poor sleep quality compared to those with primary education and lower. There was no association between sleep quality, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that education level and BMI significantly affected sleep quality; however, no association was found between sleep quality and obesity or metabolic syndrome in older adults. Improving sleep habits should be considered in the weight management of the elderly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Calibrated Morphs to Facial Stimuli: The Beauty of a Statistically Informed Picture","authors":"Sonja Windhager,&nbsp;Katrin Schaefer,&nbsp;Bernhard Fink","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70048","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The interest in physical appearance and attractiveness is presumably much older than modern humans. The depiction of the human face and body is the subject of many artworks including the Upper Paleolithic Venus figurines (e.g., the Venus of Willendorf, c. 30 000 years ago) and many paintings and sculptures of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The scientific inquiry into the systematic variation of physical appearance also has a long history. Egyptian artisans already used square grids and standard proportions to produce consistent depictions of human and other figures (Robins &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;). In “Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology,” Dennis E. Slice (&lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;, 1) summarized more recent developments in the scientific inquiry of the human physique as follows: “Johann Sigismund Elsholtz formalized the scientific measurement of living individuals, &lt;i&gt;anthropometry&lt;/i&gt;, in his 1654 Doctoral dissertation (Kolar and Salter &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;), and his particular interest in symmetry would appeal to many present-day anthropologists and general biologists. From the 19th century to the present day, the measurement and analysis of human beings and their skeletal remains have been a central theme in anthropology, though not always with beneficent motivation (e.g., Gould &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;). During this time, anthropologists have often taken advantage of the state-of-the-art in statistical methodology, but they have not been just passive consumers of technological innovation. Indeed, pervasive interest in our own species, its artifacts, and our closest relatives has motivated and contributed much to the development of statistical methods that are now taken for granted in areas far afield from anthropology. The early work of the biometric laboratory established by Galton and Pearson bears witness to the vital interplay between the development of statistical methodology and anthropological research (e.g., Mahalanobis 1928, 1930; Morant 1928, 1939; Pearson 1903, 1933).”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dynamic interplay between physical anthropology and statistical advancements persists because emerging methods in shape analysis are often driven by anthropological inquiries. Conversely, the introduction of novel morphometric tools fosters new research opportunities and presents robust alternatives to conventional approaches. Key contributions encompass projections of future directions in morphometrics, advancements in shape analysis methodologies, and examples illustrating how state-of-the-art morphometric techniques help address fundamental research questions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By about 1880, Francis Galton combined photographic portraits into composite images leading to the observation that similar features of family members were particularly defined (Galton &lt;span&gt;1878&lt;/span&gt;). More than 100 years later, the technique was resurrected and facilitated empirical approaches to understanding human responses to facial variation. Some scholars will remember the video of","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interacting Water Insecurity and Food Insecurity: Recent Advances in Theory and Application","authors":"Alexandra Brewis,&nbsp;Wendy Jepson,&nbsp;Asher Y. Rosinger,&nbsp;Justin Stoler,&nbsp;Cassandra L. Workman,&nbsp;Amber Wutich,&nbsp;Sera L. Young","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brewis, Workman et al. (2020) provided a basis for significant subsequent advancement in understanding the interplay between household water insecurity and food insecurity across diverse global contexts. This commentary reflects on the subsequent evolution of research and its application in the 5 years since the study's initial online publication in <i>AJHB</i>, highlighting dynamic mechanisms that link water insecurity and food insecurity and the implications for human health. Newer studies suggest that water insecurity may drive food insecurity more significantly than vice versa, with localized case studies revealing the diversity and complexity of multi-scalar factors that contribute to these relationships. Future research priorities include more refined water insecurity measurement tools and further testing of potential mechanisms in theorized causal pathways linking water insecurity and food insecurity to each other and health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Fitness and Health Profile of Adolescents Living in Amazonas","authors":"Luciana Pereira Miranda,&nbsp;Duarte Henriques-Neto,&nbsp;Francisney Izidio Leitão,&nbsp;Alex Barreto de Lima","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical fitness is an indicator of health in young populations. The aim of this study was to assess the health profile of adolescents living in the interior of the state of Amazonas, Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample consisted of 1332 adolescents (701 girls) aged between 10 and 15 years. Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio were the attributes used to assess anthropometric markers of body size. Physical fitness tests from the PROESP-Br battery were used to assess muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate high prevalences of overweight and obesity, with 25% for boys and 23.1% for girls. In addition, around 50% of the adolescents had insufficient levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Boys showed a higher prevalence of a healthy risk profile in the different physical fitness tests in all municipalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this research are fundamental for the specific development of policies and strategies to promote health in young people with these social and geographical characteristics. The assessment of physical fitness in a school context can contribute to the development of public health policies for these populations, especially in communities with low economic resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Altitude Adaptations in Cranial and Facial Morphology Among the Native Populations of Qinghai and Pamir and Tian Shan Mountains","authors":"Pavel D. Manakhov,&nbsp;Andrej A. Evteev","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the ecogeographic trends in the morphology of the cranial and facial skeleton of high- and mid-altitude mountainous populations of Central Asia and China and tests them against the morphological features of related low-altitude populations of the same regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on 32 cranial dimensions (9 of the cranium and 23 of the facial skeleton) was collected in a sample of 289 skulls (171 male, 118 female) from 4 high- and mid-altitude populations of Central Asia and China (236 individuals) and 3 low-altitude populations of the same regions (61 individuals).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The two-way partial least square (PLS) analysis revealed a moderate level of correlation between cranial morphology and climatic conditions in samples employed, with high- and mid-altitude populations of Central Asia displaying smaller cranial dimensions, specifically cranial height, than low-altitude populations of the same regions. The analysis of the facial skeleton revealed an increase in the relative width of the nasal aperture and nasal cavity for some of the groups employed, with various degrees of correlation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate the decrease in cranium size in mountainous populations of Central Asia, but not of China, which could be attributed both to the negative influence of high-altitude environments and socioeconomical influences. The increase in relative width of the nasal aperture and nasal cavity in high-altitude populations could be linked to the need for increased oxygen uptake in the low-pressure environment of high altitudes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioecology and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Quilombolas Living in the Brazilian Amazon\u0000 Socioecologia e Prevalência de Infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em Quilombolas Vivendo na Amazônia Brasileira\u0000 Socioecología y prevalencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en quilombolas que viven en la Amazonía brasileña","authors":"Keise Adrielle Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Lilian Natalia Ferreira de Lima,&nbsp;Bruno José Sarmento Botelho,&nbsp;Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima,&nbsp;Wiliane Freire Pinheiro,&nbsp;Victor Martins Eleres,&nbsp;Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito,&nbsp;Bernardo Cintra dos Santos,&nbsp;Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima,&nbsp;Felipe Teixeira Lopes,&nbsp;Isabella Nogueira Abreu,&nbsp;Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres,&nbsp;Sandra Souza Lima,&nbsp;Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro,&nbsp;Andrea Nazaré Monteiro Rangel da Silva,&nbsp;João Farias Guerreiro,&nbsp;Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto,&nbsp;Hilton P. Silva,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto,&nbsp;Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study presents socioecological, epidemiological aspects, and the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a group of <i>quilombola</i> (afro-derived) communities in the states of Pará and Tocantins, in the Brazilian Amazon, to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 551 individuals participated. The detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed using an enzyme immunoassay. Socioeconomic and ecological data was collected from all participants 7 years of age or older who were not previously vaccinated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The seroprevalence of antibodies in both states was 40.7% and was associated with factors such as age group, contact with infected individuals, and being in lockdown inside the <i>quilombos</i>. In Pará, a statistically significant association was observed between seroprevalence and females, and the age group of 12–18 years. In addition, seroprevalence in Pará was higher than in Tocantins, and the reported use of masks was a protective factor, while in Tocantins, the reported use of masks was associated with the presence of antibodies. There was no association between the prevalence of antibodies and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms in Pará. However, in Tocantins, diarrhea and loss of taste were associated with infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Quilombola</i> are highly vulnerable groups due to the long history of enslavement in Brazil. This is the first investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its impact in these groups in the Amazon. The study helps us to understand the relationship of socioecological differences, behavioral characteristics, and the dynamics of viral transmission associated with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among traditional populations, and can be useful to the planning of more culturally adequate public health policies for future epidemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Adolescence: A Novel Approach to Approximate the Sociocultural Implications of Puberty in Medieval Spain","authors":"Danielle M. Doe,&nbsp;Nieves Candelas González,&nbsp;José Avelino Gutiérrez González,&nbsp;Oscar Cambra-Moo,&nbsp;Armando González Martín","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objectives of this investigation were to study puberty in medieval adolescents from northern Spain and use funerary archaeology data to explore the social implications of adolescence within this community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pubertal development of 37 skeletons (aged 8–25 years) from <i>Marialba de la Ribera</i> (León, Spain, 3rd to 15th centuries AD) was assessed, with 32 assigned a pubertal stage. Using this information in conjunction with burial location, the relationship between physical maturity and social identity was considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Onset of the pubertal growth spurt was observed to occur between 10 and 12 years, but delays in reaching the later pubertal stages resulted in extended adolescent growth. Menarche age was placed at 16 years. Developmental patterns observed suggest delays compared with modern adolescents but were similar to other past populations. Regarding cemetery distribution, most individuals who died while prepubescent or in the early puberty stages were buried within the children's section, while those in later puberty or postpuberty were not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growth deceleration appears to have been the point at which individuals were no longer considered children in this population. This stage marks a critical turning point in pubertal development because, although not fully mature, adolescents exhibit physical characteristics resembling those of adults and are able to undertake tasks and fulfill roles typically reserved for adulthood. Exploring social roles shaped by the biological life cycle facilitates a deeper understanding of not only the adolescents themselves but also the communities to which they belonged and may be the only way to truly approximate adolescence in past populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consanguineous Marriages and Child Ever Born—The Moderating Role of Working Women","authors":"Muhammad Usman Saleem,&nbsp;Abdul Ghani Khatir,&nbsp;Athar Ali Shah,&nbsp;Quanbao Jiang","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between consanguineous marriages and children ever born (CEB) in Pakistan and the moderating effect of working women in the relationship between consanguineous marriages and CEB. Furthermore, decomposition analysis was used to find out the factors that influence the likelihood of the child ever born.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey were utilized, which was conducted between 2017 and 2018. The sample includes 15 671 households, with 63.8% reporting consanguineous marriages. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was employed to check the association between consanguineous marriages and children ever born, followed by the moderating role of working women in the relationship between them, and multivariate decomposition analysis was used to find out factors that influence the likelihood of CEB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show that consanguineous marriages significantly increase fertility (AIRR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.034–1.076). While working women initially exhibit higher fertility in the bivariate model, this effect diminishes in the multivariate model (AIRR = 0.986, 95% CI: 0.960–1.013). Second-cousin marriages are associated with higher fertility (AIRR = 1.025, 95% CI: 1.009–1.042), and husband's education reduces fertility (AIRR = 0.767, 95% CI: 0.746–0.787). Rural residence and regions like Balochistan and FATA show higher fertility rates. Decomposition analysis reveals that working women slightly increase the CEB likelihood, while husbands' higher education and rural residence reduce it. Female children and having the last child alive lower CEB. Age, region, and education significantly influence fertility, with notable regional disparities across Pakistan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our finding suggests that consanguineous marriages and working women are positively associated with CEB. The findings suggest several policy implications and recommendations for government and policymakers, including family planning initiatives, educational campaigns, and informed family planning decisions. However, the study's cross-sectional design limits its ability to infer causality. Future research using longitudinal data is recommended for more accurate predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting “Grandmothers and the Evolution of Human Longevity” 2003 AJHB https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10156","authors":"Kristen Hawkes","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compared to our closest living cousins, the great apes, humans can live longer with a distinctive postmenopausal lifespan; our development is slower, yet our babies are weaned earlier. Continued investigation since 2003 shows our grandmother hypothesis is a robust explanation for those differences and many other distinctive human features: When ecological changes in ancient Africa spread profitable foraging targets for ancestral adults that infants and small juveniles couldn't handle, reliable foraging by females near the end of their own fertility could subsidize dependent grandchildren and shorten their daughters' time to next conception. Coevolution of shorter birth intervals with slower aging expanded the pool of older still-fertile males. With more competitors, guarding a mate wins more paternities, linking pair bonds to our mid-life menopause. Mate guarding plus older males' advantage in reputation building explains many aspects of human patriarchy. In addition, final brain size in placental mammals depends on the duration of development. As increasing longevity slowed development and expanded brain size, earlier weaning of still physically helpless ancestral infants prioritized their attention and capacities to engage carers. Resulting socially precocious infancies wire us with lifelong appetites for cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Spatial Correlogram Patterns of Chinese Surnames","authors":"Xiaohui Fan,&nbsp;Xuemin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Gao,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li,&nbsp;Yida Yuan,&nbsp;Liujun Chen,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the historical diffusion and migration patterns of Chinese surnames by analyzing their spatial correlograms. The primary objectives are to identify typical correlogram categories, characterize each category, and explore the factors influencing the historical diffusion and migration processes that have shaped the spatial distributions of Chinese surnames.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data used in this study come from China's National Citizen Identity Information Center (NCIIC), which provides surname and prefecture information for 1.28 billion individuals. We calculate spatial correlograms to assess surname autocorrelation across varying geographic distances and apply cluster analysis to classify the 380 most common surnames, covering 97% of the population, into five categories based on their spatial correlograms. We examine the characteristics of correlograms across these categories and propose an index to capture the overall geographic distribution of surnames in a category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the analysis, five distinct categories of spatial correlograms are identified: C (cline), SC (slight cline), IBD (isolation by distance), D (depression), and IBD + D (isolation by distance + depression). Surnames in category C exhibit a broad and even distribution, with high autocorrelation in adjacent regions and a large diffusion range. Surnames in category SC show lower autocorrelation than those in category C but still exhibit a large diffusion range. Surnames in category IBD are highly concentrated in specific regions, with low autocorrelation and a smaller diffusion range. Surnames in both categories D and IBD + D display long-distance autocorrelation, featuring a distinct depression in their correlograms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surnames with long histories and significant influence, such as those in category C, tend to be broadly and evenly distributed, reflecting prolonged diffusion processes. Conversely, surnames with more recent origins or those that have experienced isolation, such as those in category IBD, typically exhibit more concentrated distributions. The study also highlights the role of large-scale, long-distance migration events in shaping Chinese surname distributions, particularly for surnames in categories D and IBD + D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}