American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 in Quilombola Communities in the Brazilian Amazon: Letter in Response to Correspondence From Hinpetch Daungsupawong and Viroj Wiwanitkit","authors":"Antonio Carlos R. Vallinoto, Izaura M. V. Cayres Vallinoto, Hilton P. da Silva, Rosimar Neris M. Feitosa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Fitness: Implications for Activity, Fitness, and Health During Youth and Adulthood","authors":"Robert M. Malina","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This overview considered the implications of adolescent physical activity and fitness for activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood; it is not, however, a systematic review. Several longitudinal studies that considered the timing of adolescence as a factor influencing physical activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood were initially considered. The tracking of physical activity, fitness, and health status across intervals within adulthood was then considered. Results of several longitudinal studies spanning adolescence and different age ranges in adulthood highlighted the implications of variation in the timing of adolescence for physical activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood. Although corresponding data tracking activity across adulthood were less extensive, the results highlighted the health-related benefits of regular physical activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocultural Determinants of Mothers' Complementary Feeding Decisions in the Urban Brazilian Amazon","authors":"B. A. Piperata,&nbsp;S. F. Fannin,&nbsp;T. Cestonaro,&nbsp;A. C. Brito-Azevedo,&nbsp;V. de Cássia Tavares da Silva,&nbsp;J. Mendonça Freire Pereira,&nbsp;R. Bittencourt Tavares Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Complementary feeding (CF) occurs during a critical period of infant growth and development with life-long health implications. Despite international efforts, there remains significant variation in the adequacy of complementary diets across settings. In Brazil, there is marked variation in adherence to CF guidelines and infant growth outcomes, with the north (Amazon) lagging other regions of the country. This study aimed to characterize the complementary diet and develop a model to explain feeding decisions in the Amazonian city of Belém.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With a sample of <i>n</i> = 30 mothers, we combined 24-h dietary recalls, a pile-sorting activity, and in-depth interviews to address study aims. Using descriptive statistics, we analyzed the pile-sort data to characterize the evolving complementary diet. Then, using thematic analysis of interview transcripts, we identified the most salient factors shaping mothers' feeding decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While there was variation in opinion regarding the timing of introduction of liquids other than breastmilk and ultra-processed convenience foods, we found high consensus regarding the ideal complementary diet which, beginning at 6 months, met WHO dietary diversity guidelines and evolved with infant age. Three themes—integrating and applying trusted sources of advice, infant readiness and future health, and challenges to feeding ideals—illustrate how socioeconomic, cultural, and infant bio-behavioral cues interact to shape CF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efforts to improve infant feeding must move beyond identifying individual factors and toward biocultural models that consider how political–economic and local contexts interact to influence the ethnomedical systems, household sociocultural dynamics, including income, gender, and age-based responsibilities, and power relations that shape feeding behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori in the Philippines: Social and Ecological Determinants of Seropositivity and Lack of Association With Systemic Inflammation","authors":"Cassie C. Lee,&nbsp;Aaron A. Miller,&nbsp;Paula S. Tallman,&nbsp;Shalean M. Collins,&nbsp;Theresa E. Gildner,&nbsp;Tara J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;Nanette R. Lee,&nbsp;Thomas W. McDade","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a bacterium that infects the stomach and is associated with various gastrointestinal outcomes and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We examined the role of sex in and the social and ecological factors associated with <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity (<i>n</i> = 124) and the relationship between seropositivity and systemic inflammation (<i>n</i> = 116) among adults in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Data were drawn from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey when participants were 21 years old. Anti-<i>H. pylori</i> antibody concentrations and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were analyzed in dried blood spots and plasma, respectively. The seroprevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> in this sample was 32.3%. In logistic regression analyses adjusting for sex, higher socioeconomic status (i.e., asset index) was associated with decreased likelihood of <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity (OR = 0.723, <i>p</i> = 0.015). Higher assets (OR = 0.688, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and higher hygiene (OR = 0.754, <i>p</i> = 0.026) were associated with decreased odds of <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity. Any level of excrement near the household, relative to no excrement (low excrement OR = 3.45, <i>p</i> = 0.036; high excrement OR = 3.96, <i>p</i> = 0.021), was associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Sex was not associated with seropositivity. Seropositivity was not associated with CRP concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.52). Our results support the role of both socioeconomic and hygienic determinants of <i>H. pylori</i> infection risk. These findings provide new insight into factors associated with <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity in a population with no previously identified infection risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence on “Socioecology and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Quilombolas Living in the Brazilian Amazon”","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum Maternal Stress is Unrelated to the Infant Fecal Microbiome, but is Associated With the Human Milk Microbiome in Exclusively Breastfeeding Mother-Infant Dyads: The Mother-Infant Microbiomes, Behavior, and Ecology Study (MIMBES)","authors":"Elizabeth A. Holdsworth,&nbsp;Janet E. Williams,&nbsp;Ryan M. Pace,&nbsp;Beatrice Caffé,&nbsp;Maria Gartstein,&nbsp;Mark A. McGuire,&nbsp;Michelle K. McGuire,&nbsp;Courtney L. Meehan","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate whether postpartum maternal stress is associated with infant gastrointestinal microbiome composition and diversity, and whether this relationship may be mediated by maternal caregiving and breastfeeding behaviors and human milk microbiome (HMM) composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infant fecal and human milk samples were collected from 51 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant dyads in the Pacific Northwest between 1 and 6 months postpartum. Infant fecal samples with sequencing read counts &gt; 773 (<i>n</i> = 48) and milk samples with read counts &gt; 200 (<i>n</i> = 46) were analyzed for bacterial alpha diversity (richness, Shannon diversity), beta diversity (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), and genera differential abundances. Infant fecal microbiome (IFM) measures were tested for associations with mothers' self-reported Parenting Stress Index total and subscale scores in regression (richness, Shannon diversity), envfit (beta diversity), and MaAsLin2 (genera abundance) models. Potential mediators of the relationship between maternal stress and IFM were explored (observed total time breastfeeding; maternal–infant physical contact frequency; and HMM alpha diversity, beta diversity, and genera abundance).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal stress was not associated with IFM alpha or beta diversities. Two maternal stress subscales were associated with differential abundances of <i>Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003</i> (positively) and <i>Eggerthella</i> (negatively) in infant feces. Maternal total stress and two stress subscales (Role Restriction, Attachment) were associated positively with HMM beta diversity (q_attachment = 0.07) and negatively with HMM richness (q_total = 0.08, q_role = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postpartum stress is not consistently associated with IFM composition during exclusive breastfeeding. However, postpartum maternal stress is associated with HMM diversity, suggesting that maternal stress might influence other developmental pathways in the breastfeeding infant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Behavioral–Physiological Buffering of Mothers' Milk Facilitates Drought Adaptability of Pastoralists and Agropastoralists in Northern Kenya","authors":"M. Fujita,&nbsp;K. Wander,&nbsp;B. Straight,&nbsp;G. Wamwere-Njoroge","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers physiologically buffer key milk nutrient content against nutritional stress. How this is nested in upstream behavioral buffering is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study explored whether pastoralists and agropastoralists' economic or other behavioral coping strategies against droughts, such as livestock sales and child fosterage, influence maternal risk for malnutrition or milk nutrient content.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from 221 breastfeeding mothers in drought-stricken northern Kenya, we estimated generalized structural equation models to evaluate pathways linking behavioral coping variables to maternal malnutrition—underweight, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and folate deficiency (hyperhomocysteinemia)—and to milk energy, retinol, and folate content directly or mediated by maternal malnutrition. Predictors of interest included land size, proportion of cattle/goat herds sold, children fostered/adopted out, and children living at home. Akaike Information Criterion guided model fit assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Land size was positively associated with maternal underweight and VAD. Child fosterage and cattle sold were inversely associated with underweight, while child fosterage and goats/sheep sold were positively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Children living at home were inversely associated with VAD, particularly with larger land size, and positively associated with milk retinol. Milk folate was positively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavioral buffering strategies, such as fostering out children, offer incomplete protection against maternal malnutrition. The lack of effects of investigated behavioral buffering strategies on milk variables suggests physiological buffering closes the gap left by incomplete behavioral buffering. Dual behavioral-physiological buffering facilitates the drought adaptability of agropastoralists, yet heavy reliance on physiological buffering for micronutrients suggests high maternal cost.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participants and Non-Participants in Organized Sports 11–14 Years: Growth, Maturity Status, Physical Activity, Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness","authors":"Robert M. Malina,&nbsp;António Antunes,&nbsp;Élvio Gouveia,&nbsp;Gonçalo Marques,&nbsp;Martine Thomis,&nbsp;Duarte Freitas","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the growth and maturity status, physical activity, motor coordination, and physical fitness of youth participants and non-participants in organized sports.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Subjects and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample included 161 boys and 187 girls 11–12 years and 128 boys and 143 girls 13–14 years. Height, weight, skeletal age (SA), physical activity, motor coordination, and fitness were assessed. Sex-specific comparisons of participants and non-participants in sport within each chronological age (CA) group were evaluated with independent-samples <i>t</i>-tests and one-way between-groups analyses of covariance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differences in CA, SA, and body size of participants and non-participants in sport were negligible. Youth active in sport reported higher levels of physical activity within each CA group and sex. Among youth 11–12 years, boys participating in sport performed better than non-participants in the four motor coordination tasks, while girls participating in sport performed significantly better than non-participants in jumping side-to-side. Among youth 13–14 years, the two groups of boys did not differ in motor coordination, while girls participating in sport performed better than non-participants in balancing backwards. Boys active in sport in both CA groups were more proficient in most physical fitness tests, while girls active in sport were more proficient only in sit-ups in both CA groups, and in the standing long jump and bent arm hang at 13–14 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Youth participants in sport were physically more active and generally performed better in motor coordination and fitness items, although the significance of differences varied among tasks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Aspects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Gower, B.</span>, <span>M. Russell</span>, <span>J. M. Tomkinson</span>, <span>S. J. Peterson</span>, <span>M. G. Klug</span>, and <span>G. R. Tomkinson</span>. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Aspects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</span>.” <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i> <span>37</span>, no. <span>4</span>: e70040. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70040.\u0000 </p><p>There was a small error in Figure 2. The GRADE score for the bottom meta-analysis (mechanical efficiency) should have appeared as “low certainty” instead of “moderate certainty”. The low certainty grade associated with the mechanical efficiency meta-analysis was correctly reported in the main text (Section 3.5) and supplement material (Data S4) but not in Figure 2.</p><p>The corrected figure and its caption are presented here.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of the Male/Female Binary for Studying the Influences of Sex- and Gender-Related Factors on Health","authors":"Stacey A. Ritz","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Momentum has been building for several decades around the value of incorporating sex and gender considerations in biomedical, clinical, and health research more broadly. In that period, there has been a proliferation of guidelines, policies, definitions, methods, and conceptual frameworks for doing so, which is both constructive and challenging: the diversity of concepts and methods generates knowledge that highlights different aspects of the phenomena under study, but at the same time, it can create inconsistency and fragmentation around the operationalization and interpretation of research attending to sex and gender considerations in health. A male–female binary approach to examining how sex and gender influence health has predominated in many domains, and although this has value for helping to identify health disparities related to sex and gender, there are also some important limitations of an uncritical overreliance on male–female comparisons; three case studies from the biomedical literature are used to help illustrate some of these limitations. Ultimately, there is no single correct approach to addressing sex and gender in health research. I contend that the most crucial element is that researchers need to bring careful and critical attention to the incorporation of sex and gender considerations in ways that are appropriate for their research context and understand and articulate the limitations of their chosen approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}