American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Seasonality and Differential Growth Patterns of Body Dimensions of Children in a Rural Community of Yucatan, Mexico","authors":"Lucely Nataly Molina-Félix,&nbsp;Barry Bogin,&nbsp;Sudip Datta Banik","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonality of human growth evinces the association between environmental variation, including the physical and the social–economic–political environment, and biological changes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seasonality of the growth of body dimensions (absolute and relative to height) of 2- to 5-year-old children and their differential increment (percentage changes) in the dry, rainy, and “<i>nortes</i>” seasons at Quintana Roo in Yucatan, Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was mixed-longitudinal. Repeated anthropometric measurements (height, weight, head circumference, sitting height, knee height) were recorded at the end of the dry, rainy, <i>nortes</i>, and again dry seasons of 31 preschool children in Quintana Roo, Yucatan. The derived variables (body dimensions relative to height) were the sitting height ratio (SHR) and knee height ratio (KHR). Data on seasonal variation in children's eating habits, availability of food items, and frequencies of signs, symptoms, and illnesses reported by the mothers were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The participants grew more in height and other body lengths between the <i>nortes</i> and dry seasons. Body weight increased most during the <i>nortes</i> and least in the rainy season when the frequencies and duration of illness were higher. Differences in mean values between the seasons were higher for KHR than for SHR. Children's eating habits, the availability of food items, and the frequencies of signs and symptoms of illness were different in the seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonality and differential growth patterns of body dimensions were observed in preschool children. The growth of the lower leg length (knee height) was more sensitive to seasonality than the trunk (sitting height).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Health in Human Biology Research","authors":"Kristen L. Knutson","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70025","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;One tenet of anthropology is that there are few human universals, and the need for sleep is one of these few human universals. All must sleep, much like we all must eat and breathe, and if we do not sleep, our health is impaired in myriad ways. Despite this universal need, numerous aspects of culture, environment, and biology shape sleep patterns, which result in variations in sleep health among human groups. In my 2012 publication (Knutson &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;), I reviewed the link between inadequate sleep and obesity risk, as well as the associated conditions, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). To summarize the review, there was both experimental and observational evidence indicating that inadequate sleep, particularly shorter sleep durations, was associated with increased prevalence or incidence of obesity, diabetes, and CVD. In this Commentary, I will revisit the important role human biologists can play in understanding human variation in sleep health, its determinants, and its impact on population/global health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;My prior review focused primarily on sleep duration, which has been the most studied characteristic of sleep. However, it is now well recognized that sleep health is a multidimensional phenomenon and that most—if not all—of these dimensions are important for human health (see Figure 1). In addition to the amount of sleep, other dimensions include sleep quality, the timing of sleep (i.e., the clock time), sleep regularity (i.e., sleeping at about the same time from day to day), and daytime sleepiness. The macroarchitecture of sleep, which refers to the different sleep stages, such as rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep, as well as the microarchitecture of sleep, which refers to a detailed analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), is also an important sleep health characteristic. Finally, the presence or absence of sleep disorders, such as insomnia or sleep apnea, should also be considered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In its infancy, sleep research focused primarily on brain-related outcomes, such as memory, cognitive performance or mood disorders. Indeed, it seemed to be assumed that sleep was “by and for the brain” while the rest of the body was ignored. However, the experimental work described in my prior review clearly demonstrated that sleep reaches beyond the brain and impacts our entire physiology. Further, although my prior review focused on cardiometabolic outcomes, substantial research has established a role for sleep in numerous other health domains (see Figure 1), including immune function, which has implications for infectious disease and cancer risk, cognitive function, and brain maintenance, which are linked to Alzheimer's Disease and dementia, and mental health, which can include depression, anxiety or even risk-taking. Given the broad implications of impaired sleep health for overall human health, sleep should be considered one of the pillars of a healthy lifestyle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sleep is a biological necessity that is also s","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Obesity and Hypertension: A Study Among Young Adults in Delhi NCR, India","authors":"Sumit Mishra,&nbsp;Oishi Choudhury,&nbsp;Vineet Chaudhary,&nbsp;Kallur Nava Saraswathy,&nbsp;Lokesh Singh Shekhawat,&nbsp;Naorem Kiranmala Devi","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder increasingly recognized as an adult health concern. It is linked to behavioral disinhibitions that are studied to be associated with mental and physical health adversities, including obesity and hypertension, due to potential common genetic and environmental underpinnings. These connections remain underexplored, particularly in the Indian context. Hence, this study aims to explore the association of ADHD with obesity and hypertension among young adults in Delhi NCR, India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study involved 1537 participants aged 18–25 years residing in Delhi NCR, India. Sociodemographic data was collected via pretested and modified interview schedules. ADHD was screened using the ASRS v1.1 tool. Obesity was assessed in terms of general and central obesity using standard anthropometric measurements. Blood pressure was recorded using a digital sphygmomanometer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combined-type ADHD correlated with a higher risk of central obesity, with 2.4-fold and 1.9-fold increased odds of high waist circumference (WC) and waist–height ratio (WHtR), respectively. The effect of ADHD on obesity intensified with age. No significant association was found with blood pressure, but trends suggested hypertension may escalate with age among ADHD individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating ADHD diagnosis into obesity management programs and highlights the critical role of early, targeted interventions in effectively managing ADHD symptoms. Such an approach may help achieve better health outcomes and reduce the risk of future cardiovascular complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Associated DRD4 7R Allele Predicts Household Economic Status but Not Nutritional Status in Northern Kenyan Rendille Children","authors":"Amanda E. Kunkle,&nbsp;Robert L. Tennyson,&nbsp;Katherine Wander,&nbsp;Bettina Shell-Duncan,&nbsp;Dan T. A. Eisenberg","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Around 11% of U.S. children are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One hypothesis for ADHD's relatively high prevalence is that behaviors associated with ADHD were advantageous in past environments where they were positively selected for. A previous study showed that an allele associated with ADHD—the 7R allele of the gene encoding the D(4) dopamine receptor (<i>DRD4</i>)—had a positive effect on the nutritional status of nomadic adult Ariaal men and a negative effect on settled adult men. We attempted to replicate this finding by analyzing the impact of <i>DRD4</i> 7R on children's nutrition and other household metrics in the Rendille, a population closely related to the Ariaal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We genotyped 259 Rendille children aged 5–10 years for <i>DRD4</i> 7R and analyzed this against previously collected anthropometric and household data from two Rendille towns. Analyses were pre-registered (https://osf.io/p8yv2/) before the addition of the 7R genotype to the dataset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>DRD4</i> 7R was not associated with iron nutrition, indicated by transferrin receptor (TfR) concentration, height-for-age (HAZ) or weight-for-height <i>Z</i>-scores (WHZ), or with maternal education status. However, <i>DRD4</i> 7R was positively associated with household economic status (<i>p</i> = 0.047).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The failure to replicate an association between <i>DRD4</i> 7R and nutritional status might be due to this sample being of children who are not yet substantially provisioning themselves. Given that children's genotypes are correlated with parents' genotypes, it is likely that the effects of the parents' genotypes, rather than the participating children's, explain the association between children's <i>DRD4</i> 7R genotype and household economic success.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current officers and members of standing committees","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Among Prepubertal Girls: A Bioecological Approach","authors":"Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira Luz,&nbsp;Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da Silva,&nbsp;Rafael dos Santos Henrique,&nbsp;André F. Seabra,&nbsp;Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to analyze the correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among prepubertal girls using a broad spectrum of variables, including biological factors, behavioral attributes, and maternal and built environmental factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample was comprised of 81 girls, aged 7.50–9.49 years, from Portugal. The dependent variable of the study was sufficient MVPA, measured by accelerometry. The independent variables included: decimal age, somatic maturation, body mass index, gross motor coordination evaluated by Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK), participation in physical education classes, maternal education, maternal physical activity level, and built environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed that higher gross motor coordination (OR: 1.017; 95% CL = 1.000; 1.035), the “hopping on one leg” KTK item (r: 0.295; 95% CL = 0.082; 0.483), and sufficiently active mothers (OR: 4.264; 95% CL = 1.358; 13.385) are associated with sufficient involvement in MVPA in girls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This sex-specific, biocultural approach to MVPA may help to promote PA in girls during the prepubertal years through behavioral and familiar determinants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Women's Education and Fertility, Moderating Effect of Unemployment in Context of Polygyny in Pakistan","authors":"Mukhtiar Hussain Ibupoto,&nbsp;Athar Ali Shah,&nbsp;Anqi Sang","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increasing fertility has been the main challenge for Pakistan. It has been characterized as the sixth most populous country in the world, having a total population of 208 million, with a growth rate of 2.4% annually, by census report 2017. This study examines the relationship between women's education, employment status, and fertility outcomes in Pakistan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilizing the Demographic and Health Survey of 2017–2018, the study involves 1796 married women of reproductive age (15–49), belonging to polygynous families. Data are analyzed using multiple analytical techniques, including Chi-Square tests, negative binomial regression, and marginal plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results reveal that higher educational attainment is significantly associated with reduced fertility, with the decline being most pronounced at secondary and higher education levels. However, the interaction between education and employment status demonstrates that education alone is insufficient to lower fertility unless it translates into paid employment. Unemployed women consistently exhibit higher fertility, even among those with higher education, except at the secondary level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing More With Less: Advancing a Contextualized Understanding of Human Biology With Minimally-Invasive Approaches to Capillary Blood Sampling","authors":"Thomas W. McDade","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In 2014 I published “Development and validation of assay protocols for use with dried blood spot samples” in the &lt;i&gt;American Journal of Human Biology&lt;/i&gt; (McDade &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). It appeared as part of the &lt;i&gt;AJHB&lt;/i&gt; “Toolkit: Methods in Human Biology” series, a newly established mechanism for maintaining a virtual methods handbook that tracks new research directions, and provides up-to-date protocols for important, long-standing methods (Ellison and McDade &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). I served as inaugural series editor, and took advantage of a lull in the Toolkit pipeline to contribute an article on the advantages and disadvantages of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling, and to share detailed “how-to” information that I hoped would encourage more colleagues to develop assays for use with DBS samples. With this commentary, I am grateful for the opportunity to reflect on developments over the past 10 years, but I also aim to highlight the critical role that field-friendly methods like DBS sampling play in advancing a more holistic and contextualized understanding of human biology and health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I am reminded how important this role is each time I teach my introductory undergraduate course on social inequalities and health. Before the first class I ask the students to complete an online survey with the following question: “There can be many causes of problems with a person's health. What do you think are the three most important things that determine someone's health?” I compile the responses into a word cloud to generate discussion on the first day. It probably will not come as a surprise that “genes” and “genetics,” as well as “lifestyle choices” like “diet,” “exercise,” and “smoking” feature prominently in the responses. I point out that the students are privileging individual-level determinants that are either inherited and fixed, or health-related behaviors that imply personal responsibility. But human biology is a contingent biology, and most students are surprised to learn that the broader social and physical worlds we inhabit have powerful effects on our bodies, and that they activate multiple molecular, physiological, behavioral, and neurological pathways to influence our health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are many historical, political-economic, and cultural reasons why we—particularly in the United States—favor explanatory models of health that focus on individual action and responsibility (Lewontin and Levins &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). There are epistemological ones as well, drawing on and reinforcing assumptions regarding appropriate study designs and measurement protocols for the production of knowledge about the causes of health and disease. Simply put, methods play a critical role in defining how we study and conceptualize human health. And if we only measure health-related systems in experimental animal models or in clinical settings attached to academic medical complexes, we will have a very narrow and de-contextualized perspective on the human body and ","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences in Obesity and Hypertension Among Young Adults in Delhi-NCR, India","authors":"Vineet Chaudhary,&nbsp;Gagandeep Kaur Walia,&nbsp;Oishi Choudhury,&nbsp;Naorem Kiranmala Devi,&nbsp;Kallur Nava Saraswathy","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite growing evidence linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with physical health conditions such as obesity and hypertension, research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India, remains limited. This study aims to examine the relationship between ACE exposure and the risk of overweight/obesity and hypertension among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present cross-sectional study involved 1702 young adults of both sexes. Participants were recruited from two universities in Delhi–NCR, India. ACEs were measured using the ACE-International questionnaire (ACE-IQ), while anthropometric (weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference) and blood pressure parameters were assessed using standard protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased with higher ACE categories, from 38% among participants with no ACEs to 49.7% among those with ≥ 4 ACEs (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Linear regression showed a significant positive association between ACE scores and BMI (<i>β</i> = 0.182, <i>p</i> = 0.004), waist circumference (WC; <i>β</i> = 0.351, <i>p</i> = 0.022), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR; <i>β</i> = 0.002, <i>p</i> = 0.026). Odds ratio analysis revealed that participants with 3 or more ACEs had increased odds of being overweight/obese compared to unexposed individuals. No consistent associations were found between ACE exposure and blood pressure parameters. Among specific ACE domains, household mental illness was associated with higher odds of both general and central obesity, and bullying showed the highest odds for overweight/obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ACE-exposed young adults may be at a higher risk of overweight/obesity; however, the risk of hypertension may not be immediate. Early intervention may help offset the risk of obesity and related disorders among ACE-exposed youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}