American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Socioecology and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Quilombolas Living in the Brazilian Amazon\u0000 Socioecologia e Prevalência de Infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em Quilombolas Vivendo na Amazônia Brasileira\u0000 Socioecología y prevalencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en quilombolas que viven en la Amazonía brasileña","authors":"Keise Adrielle Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Lilian Natalia Ferreira de Lima,&nbsp;Bruno José Sarmento Botelho,&nbsp;Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima,&nbsp;Wiliane Freire Pinheiro,&nbsp;Victor Martins Eleres,&nbsp;Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito,&nbsp;Bernardo Cintra dos Santos,&nbsp;Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima,&nbsp;Felipe Teixeira Lopes,&nbsp;Isabella Nogueira Abreu,&nbsp;Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres,&nbsp;Sandra Souza Lima,&nbsp;Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro,&nbsp;Andrea Nazaré Monteiro Rangel da Silva,&nbsp;João Farias Guerreiro,&nbsp;Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto,&nbsp;Hilton P. Silva,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto,&nbsp;Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study presents socioecological, epidemiological aspects, and the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a group of <i>quilombola</i> (afro-derived) communities in the states of Pará and Tocantins, in the Brazilian Amazon, to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 551 individuals participated. The detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed using an enzyme immunoassay. Socioeconomic and ecological data was collected from all participants 7 years of age or older who were not previously vaccinated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The seroprevalence of antibodies in both states was 40.7% and was associated with factors such as age group, contact with infected individuals, and being in lockdown inside the <i>quilombos</i>. In Pará, a statistically significant association was observed between seroprevalence and females, and the age group of 12–18 years. In addition, seroprevalence in Pará was higher than in Tocantins, and the reported use of masks was a protective factor, while in Tocantins, the reported use of masks was associated with the presence of antibodies. There was no association between the prevalence of antibodies and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms in Pará. However, in Tocantins, diarrhea and loss of taste were associated with infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Quilombola</i> are highly vulnerable groups due to the long history of enslavement in Brazil. This is the first investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its impact in these groups in the Amazon. The study helps us to understand the relationship of socioecological differences, behavioral characteristics, and the dynamics of viral transmission associated with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among traditional populations, and can be useful to the planning of more culturally adequate public health policies for future epidemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Adolescence: A Novel Approach to Approximate the Sociocultural Implications of Puberty in Medieval Spain","authors":"Danielle M. Doe,&nbsp;Nieves Candelas González,&nbsp;José Avelino Gutiérrez González,&nbsp;Oscar Cambra-Moo,&nbsp;Armando González Martín","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objectives of this investigation were to study puberty in medieval adolescents from northern Spain and use funerary archaeology data to explore the social implications of adolescence within this community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pubertal development of 37 skeletons (aged 8–25 years) from <i>Marialba de la Ribera</i> (León, Spain, 3rd to 15th centuries AD) was assessed, with 32 assigned a pubertal stage. Using this information in conjunction with burial location, the relationship between physical maturity and social identity was considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Onset of the pubertal growth spurt was observed to occur between 10 and 12 years, but delays in reaching the later pubertal stages resulted in extended adolescent growth. Menarche age was placed at 16 years. Developmental patterns observed suggest delays compared with modern adolescents but were similar to other past populations. Regarding cemetery distribution, most individuals who died while prepubescent or in the early puberty stages were buried within the children's section, while those in later puberty or postpuberty were not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growth deceleration appears to have been the point at which individuals were no longer considered children in this population. This stage marks a critical turning point in pubertal development because, although not fully mature, adolescents exhibit physical characteristics resembling those of adults and are able to undertake tasks and fulfill roles typically reserved for adulthood. Exploring social roles shaped by the biological life cycle facilitates a deeper understanding of not only the adolescents themselves but also the communities to which they belonged and may be the only way to truly approximate adolescence in past populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consanguineous Marriages and Child Ever Born—The Moderating Role of Working Women","authors":"Muhammad Usman Saleem,&nbsp;Abdul Ghani Khatir,&nbsp;Athar Ali Shah,&nbsp;Quanbao Jiang","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between consanguineous marriages and children ever born (CEB) in Pakistan and the moderating effect of working women in the relationship between consanguineous marriages and CEB. Furthermore, decomposition analysis was used to find out the factors that influence the likelihood of the child ever born.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey were utilized, which was conducted between 2017 and 2018. The sample includes 15 671 households, with 63.8% reporting consanguineous marriages. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was employed to check the association between consanguineous marriages and children ever born, followed by the moderating role of working women in the relationship between them, and multivariate decomposition analysis was used to find out factors that influence the likelihood of CEB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show that consanguineous marriages significantly increase fertility (AIRR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.034–1.076). While working women initially exhibit higher fertility in the bivariate model, this effect diminishes in the multivariate model (AIRR = 0.986, 95% CI: 0.960–1.013). Second-cousin marriages are associated with higher fertility (AIRR = 1.025, 95% CI: 1.009–1.042), and husband's education reduces fertility (AIRR = 0.767, 95% CI: 0.746–0.787). Rural residence and regions like Balochistan and FATA show higher fertility rates. Decomposition analysis reveals that working women slightly increase the CEB likelihood, while husbands' higher education and rural residence reduce it. Female children and having the last child alive lower CEB. Age, region, and education significantly influence fertility, with notable regional disparities across Pakistan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our finding suggests that consanguineous marriages and working women are positively associated with CEB. The findings suggest several policy implications and recommendations for government and policymakers, including family planning initiatives, educational campaigns, and informed family planning decisions. However, the study's cross-sectional design limits its ability to infer causality. Future research using longitudinal data is recommended for more accurate predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting “Grandmothers and the Evolution of Human Longevity” 2003 AJHB https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10156","authors":"Kristen Hawkes","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compared to our closest living cousins, the great apes, humans can live longer with a distinctive postmenopausal lifespan; our development is slower, yet our babies are weaned earlier. Continued investigation since 2003 shows our grandmother hypothesis is a robust explanation for those differences and many other distinctive human features: When ecological changes in ancient Africa spread profitable foraging targets for ancestral adults that infants and small juveniles couldn't handle, reliable foraging by females near the end of their own fertility could subsidize dependent grandchildren and shorten their daughters' time to next conception. Coevolution of shorter birth intervals with slower aging expanded the pool of older still-fertile males. With more competitors, guarding a mate wins more paternities, linking pair bonds to our mid-life menopause. Mate guarding plus older males' advantage in reputation building explains many aspects of human patriarchy. In addition, final brain size in placental mammals depends on the duration of development. As increasing longevity slowed development and expanded brain size, earlier weaning of still physically helpless ancestral infants prioritized their attention and capacities to engage carers. Resulting socially precocious infancies wire us with lifelong appetites for cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Spatial Correlogram Patterns of Chinese Surnames","authors":"Xiaohui Fan,&nbsp;Xuemin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Gao,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li,&nbsp;Yida Yuan,&nbsp;Liujun Chen,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the historical diffusion and migration patterns of Chinese surnames by analyzing their spatial correlograms. The primary objectives are to identify typical correlogram categories, characterize each category, and explore the factors influencing the historical diffusion and migration processes that have shaped the spatial distributions of Chinese surnames.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data used in this study come from China's National Citizen Identity Information Center (NCIIC), which provides surname and prefecture information for 1.28 billion individuals. We calculate spatial correlograms to assess surname autocorrelation across varying geographic distances and apply cluster analysis to classify the 380 most common surnames, covering 97% of the population, into five categories based on their spatial correlograms. We examine the characteristics of correlograms across these categories and propose an index to capture the overall geographic distribution of surnames in a category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the analysis, five distinct categories of spatial correlograms are identified: C (cline), SC (slight cline), IBD (isolation by distance), D (depression), and IBD + D (isolation by distance + depression). Surnames in category C exhibit a broad and even distribution, with high autocorrelation in adjacent regions and a large diffusion range. Surnames in category SC show lower autocorrelation than those in category C but still exhibit a large diffusion range. Surnames in category IBD are highly concentrated in specific regions, with low autocorrelation and a smaller diffusion range. Surnames in both categories D and IBD + D display long-distance autocorrelation, featuring a distinct depression in their correlograms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surnames with long histories and significant influence, such as those in category C, tend to be broadly and evenly distributed, reflecting prolonged diffusion processes. Conversely, surnames with more recent origins or those that have experienced isolation, such as those in category IBD, typically exhibit more concentrated distributions. The study also highlights the role of large-scale, long-distance migration events in shaping Chinese surname distributions, particularly for surnames in categories D and IBD + D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Values of Arm Span and Arm Span to Height Ratio of Japanese Population in Childhood and Adolescence: Comparison With Dutch and Turkish Population","authors":"Yasuhiro Hirano,&nbsp;Mikako Inokuchi,&nbsp;Satoshi Narumi,&nbsp;Tomonobu Hasegawa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To establish age-specific reference values for the arm span and arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population in children and adolescence and elucidate their characteristics compared with those of other populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from a national survey on the body sizes of Japanese people conducted between 1992 and 1994 by the Research Institute of Human Engineering for Quality Life. This study was an observational cross-sectional study, including 6089 boys and 4970 girls aged between 5.5 and 18.5 years. We constructed the reference values and delineated the reference curves for the arm span and arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population in childhood and adolescence using the LMS method. The references were compared with those of the Dutch and Turkish populations using the reference curve of 0 standard deviation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The arm span of the Japanese population increased throughout childhood, with a particularly large increase at the age of puberty. The arm span/height ratio also increased slowly throughout childhood. The Japanese population had a smaller arm span/height ratio than the Dutch and Turkish populations of all ages in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, the arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population reached a constant value at an earlier age than in the Dutch and Turkish populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We constructed the first reference values for the arm span of Japanese children and adolescents. The Japanese population has shorter arm lengths in relation to their height, and their arm span/height ratio reaches a constant value at an earlier age, compared with the Dutch and Turkish populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Estimation of the Number of Aborted Girls in South Korea","authors":"Hyunkuk Cho","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Countries such as China and India are well known for their preference for sons. South Korea is another country with a long-standing preference for sons, with the sex ratio at birth (SRB) reaching as high as 116.5 in some years. Given that the normal SRB ranges from 105 to 107, a higher SRB suggests that some girls were likely aborted. This study estimates the number of girls aborted in the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using an SRB of 106 as normal, we first calculate the expected number of girls born (NEG) based on the actual number of newborn boys (NAB). That is, NEG = (100/106) × NAB. We then compare NEG with the actual number of newborn girls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 1981, 448 655 boys were born, which would imply that 423 259 girls were expected. However, since 418 754 girls were actually born that year, 4505 girls were likely aborted. In total, approximately 340 000 girls were aborted from 1981 to 2010, accounting for 3.8% of all female births.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated the number of aborted girls based on the number of boys born. Since some boys were likely aborted, the number of aborted girls is likely higher than 340 000. Therefore, this figure should be considered as an estimate of abortions due to son preference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Gender/Sex Identity","authors":"Anne Fausto-Sterling","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Until quite recently, investigations of gender/sex development operated from a baseline assumption that gender/sex is dichotomous or binary. Most such studies constructed gender/sex outside of or adjacent to specific cultures, and for the most part studied children from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) countries. In this paper I first advocate for four research guidelines—inclusivity, epistemic justice, materiality, and empiricism. I sketch out the historical background that still shapes contemporary studies into the psychology of gender/sex identity in infants and toddlers. Next, I point toward methods for the study of gender/sex in infants and toddlers that have the potential to make nonbinary development visible and to develop culturally diverse concepts of identity development. Finally, I challenge psychologists and others to view and operationalize the study of identity as a relational, phenomenological entity rather than a fixed feature of the individual psyche.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone, 8-Oxo-2′-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Adult Shuar Males of Amazonian Ecuador: A Test for Evidence of Trade-Offs Between Reproductive Effort and Oxidative Stress","authors":"R. G. Bribiescas,&nbsp;A. Sancilio,&nbsp;D. Amir,&nbsp;T. J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;T. Gildner,&nbsp;M. A. Liebert,&nbsp;F. Madimenos,&nbsp;S. S. Urlacher,&nbsp;J. Snodgrass,&nbsp;L. Sugiyama","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reproductive effort incurs the cost of biological aging and morbidity by compromising somatic maintenance when key resources are limited. Oxidative stress is positively correlated with reproductive effort in adult human females and non-human male animal models, but human males are understudied. We hypothesized that due to its anabolic and metabolic promotion of reproductive effort in human males, testosterone would be positively associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary testosterone in adult Shuar males of Amazonia Ecuador, a foraging/horticultural population, was measured with urinary 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), a protective antioxidant against oxidative stress. Age and anthropometric measures were included in multivariate models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant correlation was observed between testosterone and 8-OHdG, <i>r</i>² = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.61, <i>n</i> = 29, or Cu/Zn SOD, <i>r</i>² = 0.0005, <i>p</i> = 0.93, <i>n</i> = 17. Multiple linear regression models including testosterone, Cu/Zn SOD, anthropometrics, and age, with 8-OHdG as the dependent variable, were modestly supportive of an association. The most parsimonious 8-OHdG model included age, Cu/Zn SOD, and testosterone (<i>R</i>^{2 adjusted} = 0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.04, AICc = 141.95). All multivariate models for Cu/Zn SOD were not significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxidative stress may not be a cost of reproductive effort in this population of adult males; perhaps due to consistently low testosterone levels in non-industrialized populations, differences in the metabolic cost of reproductive effort between males and females (i.e., aerobic metabolism), and/or study limitations based on cross-sectional measures of oxidative stress and testosterone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of the Nuñoa, Perú High Altitude Field Research Site and How It Shaped Our Understanding of Functional Adaptation to High-Altitude Stressors","authors":"A. Roberto Frisancho","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of physical growth and development of Indigenous children from Nuñoa, Perú, in the 1960s showed that growth in body size and skeletal maturation was slow and delayed, while growth in lung volume, measured by forced vital capacity (FVC), was accelerated. Hence, I proposed that the high functional adaptation of high-altitude natives was influenced by developmental processes. To test this hypothesis, my co-investigators and I conducted two sets of major physiological studies at high altitudes. The first studies were conducted in Cusco (3400 m) and Puno (3840 m), Perú. This research showed that the FVC and aerobic capacity of low-altitude Peruvian urban natives acclimatized to high altitudes during the developmental period were similar to those of high-altitude urban natives. In contrast, Peruvian and US participants acclimatized during adulthood did not have the same FVC and aerobic capacity as the high-altitude urban natives. The second set of studies was carried out in the city of La Paz, Bolivia (3752 m), and included Europeans who were acclimatized to high altitudes at different ages. This research confirmed that acclimatization during the developmental period was a major component of the high functional adaptation among high-altitude urban natives. These conclusions have been confirmed by epigenetic studies, which demonstrated that acclimatization to high altitude leads to modifications in the activity of the DNA that facilitate adaptation during the developmental period.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}