American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"The Universal Model of Growth: Dependence of Brain and Body Mass on Age","authors":"Lev L. Martyushev,&nbsp;Leonid M. Martyushev","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To test whether the universal two-parameter DS model, originally proposed in 2015, can accurately describe how human brain and body mass change from conception to old age and reproduce their complex allometric relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed published autopsy data on brain and body mass from conception to ~90 years, encompassing both sexes. Using nonlinear least-squares regression in Maple, we fitted the DS model to the data, testing single- and two-stage growth scenarios. Model performance was evaluated via residual analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A two-stage model—with a transition at ~1.5 years post-conception—accurately described both brain and body mass trajectories (typically within 10% error). The model successfully reproduced the non-monotonic, “hook-shaped” allometric curve of brain vs. body mass, including age-related declines after ~45 years. Furthermore, rescaling age using development time (derived from the DS model) largely eliminated sex differences in body mass trajectories and equalized male and female life expectancy in biological time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DS model provides a parsimonious, scientifically well-grounded framework for human ontogenetic growth. It identifies ~1.5 years post-conception as a critical developmental transition and offers a physiologically meaningful time metric with potential applications in theoretical biology, evolutionary anthropology, biogerontology, etc.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current officers and members of standing committees","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market Integration and Reproductive Transitions Among Indigenous Shuar and Neighboring Nonindigenous Ecuadorians in Amazonian Ecuador","authors":"Felicia C. Madimenos,&nbsp;Melissa A. Liebert,&nbsp;Tara J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;Theresa E. Gildner,&nbsp;Samuel S. Urlacher,&nbsp;Richard Bribiescas,&nbsp;Aaron D. Blackwell,&nbsp;J. Josh Snodgrass,&nbsp;Lawrence S. Sugiyama","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70232","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70232","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global reproductive transitions are well documented, yet less is known about how neighboring populations with divergent histories and exposure to market integration (MI) experience them. This study examines how sociocultural and economic proxies of MI predict variation in reproductive outcomes among indigenous Shuar and nonindigenous Ecuadorian mestizos (Colonos) from Amazonian Ecuador, focusing on menarcheal age, age at first birth, parity, breastfeeding duration, and contraceptive use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reproductive histories were collected from 360 Shuar and 205 Colono women (ages 15–90) between 2008 and 2014. General linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess effects of ethnicity, birth cohort, and MI indices (household-, market-, traditional-style-of-life) on reproductive outcomes; logistic regression determined predictors of contraceptive use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shuar women experience earlier age at first birth (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and higher parity (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) with little secular change. However, within more market-integrated Shuar households, earlier menarche (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and lower parity (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) were documented. By contrast, Colonos show secular increases in age at first birth and declines in parity (both <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). In both populations, breastfeeding duration decreases over time (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and higher contraceptive use is associated with more market-integrated households (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reproductive transitions in Amazonian Ecuador unfold at differing rates, reflecting different histories and degrees of MI. Colonos show clear secular shifts characteristic of reproductive transitions, whereas Shuar show emerging transitions only among more market-integrated households. Results support the context-specific nature of reproductive transitions and highlight value in disaggregated analyses to understand their dynamics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Utero Selection Echoes Across a Lifetime: Evidence From Historical Utah Populations.","authors":"Tim A Bruckner, Jason Bonham, Ryan Schacht, Ken R Smith","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Past work in historical demography finds mixed evidence regarding the role of selective cohort mortality in utero in shaping that cohort's older-age mortality. Here we use, for the first time, high-quality individual-level historical data to test whether adults from birth cohorts with a presumed high level of selection in utero show greater than expected older age survival. We examine a frontier population in Utah, born from 1850 to 1920 and followed to 2020, and use the annual cohort sex ratio (M:F) at birth, a marker of cohort selection in utero against males.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed Cox proportional hazards analyses (n = 201 542) to predict the hazard of older-age male mortality (i.e., > 50 years) and used a two-stage correction strategy to control for selective mortality before older age (i.e., before age 50). Analyses also control for strong temporal patterns in cohort survival and individual covariates including month of birth and religious affiliation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that males born to the least selected cohorts-as indicated by a high sex ratio at birth-show greater than expected hazard of older-age (i.e., > 50 years) mortality (p < 0.05). Interestingly, our exploration also shows a greater hazard of older-age mortality among females born to high sex ratio cohorts (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sex ratio at birth in 19th and early 20th century cohorts gauges important demographic selection processes that appear detectable well into older age.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 3","pages":"e70250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women With Ovulatory Cycles Have Longer Sleep, but Phases of Their Menstrual Cycles Do Not Differ in Sleep Characteristics.","authors":"Aleksandra Wachowicz, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Urszula M Marcinkowska, Sude Ozdemir, Magdalena Klimek, Anna Tubek-Krokosz, Kinga Słojewska, Karolina Krzych-Miłkowska, Magdalena Mijas, Monika Ścibor, Grazyna Jasienska","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70247","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Duration and quality of sleep are influenced by many factors, including hormonal changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the phases of the menstrual cycle in total sleep duration and sleep stage distribution, specifically the duration of rapid eye movement (REM) phase, light, and deep sleep states and compare sleep parameters between ovulatory and anovulatory cycles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 130 women aged 20-35 (mean = 26.2 years; SD = 4.14). Ovulation was detected using luteinizing hormone (LH) urine tests. Sleep data were collected using the Fitbit Alta HR trackers, which measured total sleep time and the duration of sleep stages. Sleep parameters were analyzed separately for each of the five phases: menstrual bleeding, follicular, periovulatory, luteal, and premenstrual using repeated measures ANOVA. Differences between ovulatory and anovulatory cycles were assessed using Student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women with the ovulatory cycle slept longer and had longer REM phases compared to women without ovulation. No statistically significant differences were observed in total sleep duration or sleep stage distribution across five phases of the menstrual cycle among women with detected ovulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that ovulatory status might be associated with differences in total sleep time and REM sleep duration, whereas sleep duration and sleep stage distribution across menstrual cycle phases remain relatively constant. These results suggest that the presence of ovulation, rather than phase-specific changes during the cycle, may play a more important role in shaping sleep characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 3","pages":"e70247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Using the Food Quotient as a Proxy of the Respiratory Quotient in the Calculation of Energy Expenditure by the Doubly Labeled Water Method in Older Adults","authors":"Dennis Gustavo Alves de Mello,&nbsp;Luiz Antonio dos Anjos,&nbsp;Michele Novaes Ravelli,&nbsp;Eduardo Ferriolli,&nbsp;Karina Pfrimer","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70222","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) is critical for maintaining energy balance and body weight. This study aimed to analyze differences in TEE assessed by the doubly labeled water method (DLW-TEE), using food quotient (FQ) derived from self-reported 24-h dietary recalls, respiratory quotient measured by indirect calorimetry (RQ-IC), and usual respiratory quotient of 0.85 (RQ-0.85) based on Western-type diet intakes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 41 independent (21 women) older people (≥ 60 years). FQ was obtained from three self-reported 24-h dietary recalls, RQ-IC was measured after an overnight fast under resting conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare differences in DLW-TEE calculated with FQ, RQ-IC, and RQ-0.85.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DLW-TEE was significantly different between the three approaches (<i>p</i> = 0.025). The RQ approaches on DLW-TEE did not differ significantly between sexes (<i>p</i> = 0.325). The overall mean DLW-TEE RQ-0.85 was 2253 (SD = 529, 95% CI: 2086, 2420) kcal/day, DLW-TEE RQ-IC was 2251 (SD = 541, 95% CI 2090, 2431) kcal/day, and DLW-TEE FQ was 2208 (SD = 534, 95% CI 2039, 2376). DLW-TEE calculated with FQ significantly reduced TEE compared to the mean DLW-TEE with RQ-0.85 values (ΔTEE −45 kcal/day, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-reported dietary intake data may provide a more context-specific estimate of the FQ than relying solely on RQ from indirect calorimetry or the fixed RQ of 0.85 in DLW-based TEE calculations. Although the resulting differences in TEE are modest, they can lead to overestimation of energy requirements over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147312261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess Weight Among Adults Living in the Coastal Brazilian Amazon: Prevalence, Determinants, and Interventions","authors":"Franciane Ferreira Costa,&nbsp;Keyse B. dos Santos Silva,&nbsp;Diego Simeone,&nbsp;João Farias Guerreiro,&nbsp;Rodrigo Alexandre C. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Aldemir B. Oliveira-Filho","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70231","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excess weight is a global public health issue related to the accumulation of body fat and can be caused by various factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of excess weight among adults living in a coastal area of the Brazilian Amazon. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 407 adults residing in Bragança, Pará, northern Brazil. Socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral, and morbidity data were analyzed using Poisson regression to identify potential associations with excess weight. The prevalence of excess weight was 63.3%. Behavioral factors directly associated with excess weight included avoiding raw salads and boiled eggs. The outcome was associated with factors related to morbidity, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, walking to work was found to be a protective factor against excessive weight. The high prevalence of excess weight detected in this coastal Amazon region indicates a desire to prioritize this issue in local public health agendas. Implementing individual and community-based interventions can help reduce health risks and improve the population's quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147312263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defying Dietary Homogeneity: Stable Isotopes in Hair Reveal Persistent Geographic Heterogeneity in Argentina's Modern Diet","authors":"Luciano Lautaro Loupias,&nbsp;Felipe Otero,&nbsp;Rocío García Mancuso,&nbsp;Luciano Oscar Valenzuela","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main objective of the study is to characterize and test the hypothesis of a continuing trend toward homogenization in contemporary Argentine diet through stable isotope analysis, exploring regional variation in the context of globalized food systems. It is expected that the distribution of stable isotopes will exhibit a limited range of values but still display some heterogeneity that allows differentiation of dietary patterns by region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 204 hair samples were collected from volunteer donors in Argentina and analyzed for the stable isotopes δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S. Statistical analyses and isotopic niche modeling using Bayesian ellipses were performed to determine dietary differences between regions and geographical factors influencing the distribution of stable isotopes. The ranges of variations in dietary choices (omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans) were also characterized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analyses revealed significant differences in stable isotope values between regions, indicating that interregional heterogeneity in diet persists despite globalization and previous trends. Significant correlations were found between isotopic values and geographic variables. It was determined that δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values vary significantly between omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans, allowing for the identification of differential consumption of proteins at an isotopic level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study concludes that the contemporary Argentine dietary pattern is consistent with the global trend toward “delocalized” and “deseasonalized” diets, where global foods are produced locally. The study suggests that the homogenization process has not completely eliminated regional dietary particularities, as the effective incorporation into diets is mediated by cultural, economic, and logistical factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Muscle Quality and Its Relationship to Bone Density and Obesity in a Pediatric Autopsy Sample From New Mexico","authors":"Ethan C. Hill,&nbsp;Kathryn E. Coakley,&nbsp;Bria Riggs,&nbsp;Sage Templeton,&nbsp;Lexi O'Donnell","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70227","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle quality metrics are useful indicators of physical activity and overall health but have been underexamined in pediatric samples. This study investigates associations between skeletal muscle area and density, bone mineral density (BMD), and obesity-related factors in a pediatric autopsy sample from New Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) data of individuals aged 5–20.99 years at time of death. Skeletal muscle indices—muscle area relative to stature—were measured for the psoas major and thigh muscles at femoral midshaft. Muscle density was also calculated using Hounsfield units at these sites. Multiple linear regression was used to test the relationship between these proxies of muscle quality to BMD, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), sex, race/ethnicity, age at death, and mode of death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skeletal muscle indices and density were positively associated with femoral BMD in a pooled-sex sample and lumbar BMD in females. Skeletal muscle indices were positively associated with obesity and muscle density was negatively associated with levels of subcutaneous adiposity. A reduced psoas muscle index was significantly associated with MASLD in males. Males have greater skeletal muscle indices than females, but the sexes have similar muscle density. Native American individuals exhibited lower muscle indices compared to Hispanic and non-Hispanic White peers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle quality is positively related to skeletal health in girls and negatively associated with MASLD in boys. These findings underscore the importance of early-life physical activity and structural context in shaping musculoskeletal health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misconceptions About Allometric Scaling Assumptions in Human Biology and Anthropology Research","authors":"Lorenzo Lolli","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70229","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}