American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Religious Involvement Is Associated With Higher Fertility and Lower Maternal Investment, but More Alloparental Support Among Gambian Mothers.","authors":"John H Shaver, Radim Chvaja, Laure Spake, Anushé Hassan, Jainaba Badjie, Andrew M Prentice, Carla Cerami, Rebecca Sear, Mary K Shenk, Richard Sosis","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.24144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Human childrearing is cooperative, with women often able to achieve relatively high fertility through help from many individuals. Previous work has documented tremendous socioecological variation in who supports women in childrearing, but less is known about the intracultural correlates of variation in allomaternal support. In the highly religious, high-fertility setting of The Gambia, we studied whether religious mothers have more children and receive more support with their children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomly sampled 395 mothers and 745 focal children enrolled in the Kiang West (The Gambia) Longitudinal Population Study cohort. Structured interviews asked mothers who and how often people invest in their children, and about their religious practices. Data were collected at participants' homes on electronic tablet-based long-form surveys and analyzed using the Bayesian hierarchical models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Religiosity was weakly associated with women's higher age-adjusted fertility. Maternal religiosity was negatively related to maternal investment in focal children, but positively associated with total allomaternal support. Specifically, a woman's religiosity was positively associated with allomaternal support from matrilineal kin, other offspring, and affinal kin, but unrelated to paternal, patrilineal, and non-kin investment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that higher fertility among religious mothers may be supported by high levels of investment from biological and affinal kin. Matrilineal kin, other siblings, and affinal kin seem to be the most responsive to a woman's religiosity. Our findings cast doubt on interpretations of women's religious behaviors as signals of fidelity, and instead suggest they may be part of strategies to enable collective allomaternal resources and higher relative fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e24144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locus of Control and Mental Health: Human Variation Complicates a Well-Established Research Finding.","authors":"Bonnie N Kaiser","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.24147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Locus of control (LoC) refers to one's expectation that life outcomes and (mis)fortune are driven largely by one's own actions or abilities (internal LoC) or by external factors (e.g., powerful others, chance; external LoC). There is a large literature demonstrating an association between internal LoC and positive mental health outcomes. However, this research is conducted mostly in high-income, Global North settings, with limited consideration of cross-cultural variability. This short report explores how LoC relates to mental health when considered in a less-studied context: in a setting of stark structural violence and in relation to supernatural agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>I conducted a community-based survey in rural Haiti (n = 322) that assessed sent spirit-related locus of control (LoC-S) and mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among individuals experiencing higher levels of daily stressors, depressive and anxiety symptoms were high regardless of LoC-S. However, for individuals facing low-to-moderate daily stressors, external LoC-S (believing one does not have control in relation to sent spirits) was associated with lower depressive and anxiety symptoms, though this interaction did not hold for anxiety after controlling for covariates. Though initially a nonintuitive finding, I contextualize this outcome in relation to ethnographic work in Haiti, showing that the ability to explain misfortune via the supernatural world can serve as a form of blame displacement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a context where extreme structural violence means that individuals realistically have little control over their lives, an external LoC better reflects lived experience, helping explain the association with better mental health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e24147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in the proportion of Japanese parents meeting 24-h movement guidelines and associations with weight status","authors":"Chiaki Tanaka,&nbsp;Mark S. Tremblay,&nbsp;Shigeho Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents' healthy behaviors are important for both their health and role models for their children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate adherence to the three recommendations associated with health in the Canadian 24-h movement or Japanese physical activity (PA) guidelines and their relationship with weight status (underweight or obesity) in Japanese parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 425 mothers and 237 fathers. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defined as: ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (Canada) or at least 60 min/day of MVPA (Japan), ≤8 h/day of sedentary time which includes ≤3 h of recreational screen time, and 7 to 9 h/night of sleep. MVPA and sedentary time were accelerometer-determined while screen time and sleep duration were self-reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of mothers meeting all three recommendations was 30.6% using Canadian PA guidelines and 20.7% using Japanese PA guidelines, while that of fathers was 10.6% and 8.0%, respectively. Mothers not meeting the sedentary behavior recommendation had a lower odds ratio and those not meeting Japanese PA recommendations had a higher odds ratio for underweight compared to mothers meeting the recommendations, adjusted for age and area socioeconomic status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The screen time recommendation and Japanese PA recommendation were associated with underweight in mothers. None of the recommendations was associated with weight status in fathers. Further research is needed to understand the relationships among movement behaviors and weight status, particularly among Japanese women, whose routine behaviors, such as household activities, may be misclassified by a questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) Problem—Prevalence and Time Changes in Children and Adolescents From Kraków (Poland)","authors":"Magdalena Żegleń,&nbsp;Łukasz Kryst,&nbsp;Małgorzata Kowal,&nbsp;Jacek Słowik,&nbsp;Agnieszka Woronkowicz","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Normal weight obesity can be associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities, systemic inflammation and mortality. The main aim of the study was to analyze the changes in the prevalence of normal weight obesity in 8–18-year-olds from Kraków (Poland) between 2010 and 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was based on two sets of cross-sectional, school-based data obtained in 2010 and 2020. Body height, weight, and fat percentage were obtained. Body mass index was calculated, and only normal-weight individuals were included. Normal weight obesity was defined as normal BMI with adiposity &gt;85 percentile for age and sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of normal weight obesity among Polish children and adolescents has been alarming for at least the last 10 years. Depending on the sex and age, normal weight obesity was present in more than 10% up to even more than 20% of the examined population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alarming numbers of Polish children and adolescents suffer from NWO and this problem seems to be present for at least the last decade. A need for a maximally universal definition and cut-offs to diagnose normal weight obesity should also be stressed, as it will be helpful in providing the best prophylaxis and help to persons already suffering from normal weight obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Month of Birth on Mean Birth Length in Austrian Newborns Born Between 1984 and 2021","authors":"T. Waldhoer,&nbsp;S. Kirchengast,&nbsp;L. Yang","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The length of newborns shows seasonal fluctuations, but the patterns of these fluctuations vary greatly. This study analyses the fluctuation in birth length by birth month and temporal changes in Austrian newborns from the 1984 to 2021 birth cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2 317 927 singleton-term births between 1984 and 2021 in Austria were included in this retrospective population-based cohort study. A strict inclusion criterion was the Austrian citizenship of the mother. The effect of month of birth (MOB) on birth length was estimated using a multivariable linear model adjusting for maternal educational level, newborn sex, gestational age, year of birth (YOB) of the newborn, and parity of the mother.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Newborn length varied by MOB, but there was also a temporal trend. In the birth cohorts up to 2004, the longest newborns were born in February, while from 2008 onward, the longest birth lengths were observed in the summer months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this Austrian population-based sample, birth length shows nonrandom fluctuations by birth month. These patterns, however, varied considerably over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.24146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of body mass index with muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness: A cross-sectional study based on Chinese adolescents","authors":"Lixin Liu,&nbsp;Junmin Yang,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Ruisheng Jiao","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness are important components of physical fitness and are important for the physical and mental health development of university students. However, obesity is also an important factor affecting physical fitness, and there are few studies on how body mass index (BMI), which reflects obesity, is associated with muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness among Chinese university students. Therefore, this study analyzed the association between BMI and muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness among Chinese university students in order to provide a reference and basis for promoting the development of physical fitness among Chinese university students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A stratified whole-group sampling method was used to test physical fitness items in 27 973 (15 527 boys, 55.51%) university students in 800 first- to fourth-year university classes in Anhui, Fujian, Xinjiang, Shanghai, and Jiangxi, China. The physical fitness items included height, weight, standing long jump, 1000 m running (boys), and 800 m running (girls) items. Curvilinear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations that existed between BMI and standing long jump and VO_2max.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BMI of Chinese 19–22 years old university students was (21.14 ± 2.92) kg/m². The mean standing long jump score was (197.31 ± 34.07) cm. In general, the BMI reached the highest point of 207.92 cm when the BMI was 26.25 kg/m², and then showed a decreasing trend with the increase of BMI. The overall relationship between BMI and vertical jump showed an inverted “U”-shaped curve. In terms of VO_2max, the overall trend of VO_2max increased gradually with the increase of BMI, and when BMI reached 40 kg/m², VO_2max was 4.34 L-kg⁻¹-min⁻¹.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chinese university students showed an inverted “U” curve relationship between BMI and standing long jump in general, while VO_2max showed a gradual increase with increasing BMI. Compared with the cardiorespiratory fitness of Chinese university students, the effect of BMI changes on muscle strength was greater.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared reactance spectroscopy-derived visceral adipose tissue for the assessment of metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic sample of young adults","authors":"Austin J. Graybeal,&nbsp;Caleb F. Brandner,&nbsp;Havens L. Wise,&nbsp;Alex Henderson,&nbsp;Ryan S. Aultman,&nbsp;Anabelle Vallecillo-Bustos,&nbsp;Ta' Quoris A. Newsome,&nbsp;Diavion Stanfield,&nbsp;Jon Stavres","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is highly associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is rapidly increasing in young adults. However, accessible VAT measurement methods are limited, restricting the use of VAT in early detection. This cross-sectional study sought to determine if near-infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived VAT (VAT_NIRS) was associated with MetS in a multi-ethnic sample of young adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 107 male and female (F:62, M:45) participants (age: 23.0 ± 4.3y; BMI: 27.1 ± 6.6 kg/m²) completed measurements of fasting blood pressure, blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, and anthropometric assessments including waist circumference and VAT_NIRS. MetS severity (MetS_index) was calculated from the aforementioned risk factors using sex and race-specific equations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VAT_NIRS was higher in participants with, and at risk for, MetS compared to those with lower risks (all <i>p</i> &lt; .001). VAT_NIRS was positively associated with MetS_index for all groups (all <i>p</i> &lt; .001). VAT_NIRS showed positive associations with systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), LDL-C and LDL-C-related biomarkers, and FBG; and negative associations with HDL-C and HDL-C-to-total cholesterol ratio (all <i>p</i> &lt; .050). Associations between VAT_NIRS and blood pressure for females, and LDL-C and LDL-C-related biomarkers for males, were nonsignificant (all <i>p</i> &gt; .050). VAT_NIRS was positively associated with DBP in African–American participants, and SBP in White participants, resulting in positive associations with MAP for both groups (all <i>p</i> &lt; .050).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VAT_NIRS is associated with MetS and individual MetS risks factors in a multi-ethnic sample of young adults; providing a noninvasive, cost-effective, portable, and accessible method that may assist in the early detection of MetS and other cardiometabolic abnormalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis of cortisol changes during pubertal development in indigenous Qom girls","authors":"Delaney J. Glass,&nbsp;Jessica Godwin,&nbsp;Eleanna Bez,&nbsp;Margaret K. Corley,&nbsp;Claudia R. Valeggia,&nbsp;Melanie A. Martin","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pubertal research has primarily focused on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) regulation of puberty, though the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) is increasingly considered critical. Heightened HPA function proxied by increasing cortisol levels may play a role in accelerated pubertal timing. However, the extent to which cortisol varies across ages and its relation to pubertal changes in linear growth are less well substantiated. We explored relationships between age, linear growth, adiposity, C-peptide (proxy for insulin), and cortisol across puberty, and we tested whether higher cortisol levels are associated with earlier ages at menarche and peak height velocity. We utilize longitudinal data (<i>n</i> = 777 urine samples) from Qom females ages 7–14 (<i>n</i> = 46) and test our pre-registered analysis using Bayesian longitudinal mixed effects models and joint modeling techniques. We find limited evidence supporting the overarching hypothesis that HPA upregulation is associated with pubertal maturation or timing. We find some evidence that HPA upregulation, as proxied by cortisol, may be more clearly related to differences in relative linear growth at early-mid puberty, as measured by height-for-age <i>z</i>-scores. Transdisciplinary perspectives on puberty, including the assumption that stressors acting via cortisol accelerate pubertal development, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition and intestinal parasitosis: Current prevalences and risk factors among schoolchildren in Misiones (Argentina)","authors":"María Lorena Zonta,&nbsp;Andrea Servián,&nbsp;Belén Virgolini,&nbsp;Mariela Garraza,&nbsp;Graciela Minardi,&nbsp;Graciela T. Navone","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the current prevalences of nutritional status and intestinal parasites, and their potential association with socio-environmental conditions among schoolchildren in Aristóbulo del Valle, Misiones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured body weight and height in 444 schoolchildren aged 3–14 years and evaluated their nutritional status following WHO criteria. We examined fecal samples and anal swabs from 234 schoolchildren and collected socio-environmental data through questionnaires.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of undernutrition was 4.5% and excess of weight was 24.1%. The prevalence of stunting and of being overweight reached 2.3% and 12.4%, respectively. About 42% of the schoolchildren were infected with at least one of the 12 species identified. The most prevalent species were <i>Blastocystis</i> sp., <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i>, and <i>Giardia lamblia</i>. <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> was recorded for the first time in the locality. The multiple correspondence analysis identified peri-urban, urban, and rural groups. Underweight, stunting and obesity were highest in the peri-urban group, while overweight, wasting and parasitism rates were highest in the rural group. The urban group showed the lowest parasitic prevalences. Bed-sharing, mother's education, and animal husbandry were associated with parasitic infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights a decrease in undernutrition but a rise in overweight and obesity, indicating an ongoing nutritional transition. The association between socio-environmental risk factors and parasitic infections underscore the need for comprehensive interventions addressing both nutritional and socio-environmental conditions to improve the population's life quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the immune system and levels of blood transport components in residents of the arctic of the Russian Federation","authors":"Ksenya O. Pashinskaya,&nbsp;Anna V. Samodova,&nbsp;Liliya K. Dobrodeeva","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Changes in the immune status and the content of blood transport components reflect adaptations in the human body in response to adverse factors, showcasing the organism's adaptive capabilities and functional state. In this study, we aimed to determine the features of the immune system and levels of transport components of the blood system in residents of the Arctic of the Russian Federation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The peripheral venous blood of 191 residents of the Arctic of the Russian Federation (Murmansk Oblast) aged 21–55 analyzed comprehensively. Blood was sampled from the ulnar vein on an empty stomach in the morning. The hemogram, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, lymphocyte content with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD16, CD71, CD25, HLA-DR and CD95 phenotypes, concentrations of cytokines: TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;, IFN-&lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;, IL-6, IL-10, extracellular receptor pool: sCD71, sCD62L, sApo-1/Fas, sFasL, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and blood transport components: haptoglobin (Hp), transferrin, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE (immunoglobulins M, G, A and E) low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were evaluated. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative, factorial, and regression analyses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Residents of the Murmansk Oblast exhibit a high prevalence of erythrocytosis (62.3%), thrombocytosis (25.0%), leukocytosis (20.1%), and increased hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations (42.5%), coupled with a significantly decreased level of active phagocytes (47.6%). A significantly decreased level of lymphocytes with phenotypes CD3 (92.4%), CD4 (40.4%), CD71 (62.3%) was revealed, coupled with the activation of lymphocytes with phenotypes CD16 (50.1%), CD8 (37.5%), CD19 (15.9%) and increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory IFN-&lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt; (47.9%), IL-6 (33.3%), and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; (20.1%). Elevated levels of sCD71 (56.6%), sCD62L (32.1%), sApo-1/Fas (22.1%), sFasL (10.2%), and autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA (57.1%), RNA (10.4%), and oLDL (oxidized-modified LDL) (16.3%) were recorded in residents of the Murmansk Oblast.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Arctic residents showed elevated concentrations of Hp (63.3%), IgM (63.9%), IgA (42.4%), IgE (18.8%), LDL (24.9%), and a decreased level of HDL (21.1%) owing to an ApoA-I ligand deficiency (58.1%). Elevated levels of Hp in the blood are associated with increased erythrocyte aggregation frequency, T-lymphocyte activation, and increased concentration of free receptors of the extracellular pool. Increased IgM and IgA levels in the blood are attributed to the need to bind components of the extracellular receptor pool sCD71, sCD62L, sApo-1/Fas, sFasL and are associated with decrease","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}