American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Circulating Epstein–Barr Virus Antibody Levels as a Biomarker of Socioecological Adversity in Amazonian Ecuador","authors":"Tyler M. Barrett,&nbsp;Melissa A. Liebert,&nbsp;Geeta N. Eick,&nbsp;Julia G. Ridgeway-Diaz,&nbsp;Felicia C. Madimenos,&nbsp;Aaron D. Blackwell,&nbsp;Tara J. Cepon-Robins,&nbsp;Samuel S. Urlacher,&nbsp;Lawrence S. Sugiyama,&nbsp;J. Josh Snodgrass","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Circulating Epstein–Barr virus antibodies (EBV-Ab) are used as a biomarker of chronic stress in high-income settings, but their relevance in environments with a high burden of infectious disease, nutritional constraints, and limited resources is less clear. We investigated EBV-Ab as a biomarker of adversity in a setting where local ecology and economy may affect immune development differently than in wealthy countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured EBV-Ab in finger-prick dried blood spots collected from Indigenous Shuar (<i>n</i> = 433) and non-Indigenous <i>Colonos</i> (<i>n</i> = 84) ranging from &lt; 1 to 87 years old in Amazonian Ecuador. For a subset of adults (≥ 15 years, <i>n</i> = 210), we collected socioeconomic information (income, education, and occupation) and assessed household-level market integration. We determined the most important predictors of EBV-Ab for adults and children using multi-model averaging of linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male children (&lt; 15 years) had lower EBV-Ab than female children (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: −0.238 [0.066]). For adults, Shuar had higher EBV-Ab than <i>Colonos</i> (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: 0.235 [0.113]), and high systolic blood pressure was an important predictor of elevated EBV-Ab (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: 0.088 [0.047]). Individuals who reported unpaid domestic work as their primary occupation had higher EBV-Ab than agricultural workers (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: 0.302 [0.113]). Individuals living in houses with more market-sourced infrastructure had lower EBV-Ab (model averaged <i>β</i> [SE]: −0.088 [0.068]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Circulating EBV-Ab may capture context-specific aspects of socioecological adversity in Amazonian Ecuador, highlighting disparities in EBV-Ab between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Ecuadorians and differences in immune function related to market integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Hypertension Disease","authors":"Refik Servi,&nbsp;Ramazan Fazil Akkoc,&nbsp;Feyza Aksu,&nbsp;Seda Cetin,&nbsp;Ahmet Kavaklı,&nbsp;Murat Ogeturk","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait thought to reflect prenatal exposure to sex hormones. 2D:4D has been proposed as a potential biomarker for various adult diseases, and evidence suggests that it may also predict cardiovascular disease risk. This study aimed to ascertain the 2D:4D of both hands in patients with hypertension and to determine whether there were any differences between this ratio and that of a control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was carried out on 400 subjects with a hypertension diagnosis, 200 males and 200 females, and the same number of 400 healthy subjects. 2D:4D was calculated by measuring the lengths of both hands' second and fourth fingers for males and females. The height, weight, and mean body mass index were also calculated for the hypertension and control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean BMI was significantly higher in the hypertension group, in the overweight category, whereas it was in the normal weight category in the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The 2D:4D was significantly higher in both males and females with hypertension compared to controls. In males, the 2D:4D was elevated in both the right and left hands in the hypertension group compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.001). A similar trend was observed in females, with significantly higher 2D:4D in both hands in the hypertension group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2D:4D may be regarded as a significant factor in determining a person's risk of hypertension from birth, allowing those in the risk group to lead more preventive lives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Anemia in Xavante Indigenous Children From Central Brazil","authors":"Larissa de Lima Alves Paresque,&nbsp;Juliana de Bem Lignani,&nbsp;Rui Arantes,&nbsp;James R. Welch,&nbsp;Carlos E. A. Coimbra Jr.,&nbsp;Aline Alves Ferreira","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective was to evaluate the factors associated with anemia in Xavante children from the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Territory (IT) in Central Brazil through path analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A survey was conducted with children between 6 months and 5 years in the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve in 2011. Hemoglobin levels, anthropometric measurements, and socioeconomic/demographic data were collected, and cut-off points were recommended by the World Health Organization in 2024. A theoretical model was adapted from previous literature, and direct and indirect associations were evaluated on a theoretical-scientific basis through path analysis. A significance level of 5% was considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 61.1% of the Indigenous children evaluated had anemia (33.7% &lt; 5 years old had moderate/severe anemia and 78.1% &lt; 2 years old had anemia). The final model presented an acceptable fit. Significant and direct relationships were observed between children's age (<i>β</i> = 0.460), the number of residents in the household (<i>β</i> = −0.143), the village group (<i>β</i> = −0.346) and hemoglobin levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to their hemoglobin levels, anemia was more prevalent in children under 2 years of age, as well as in children living in the most populous households and the newest village groups, than in the other groups. These findings point to the existence of socioeconomic, demographic, historical, and biological determinants of the prevalence of anemia. In addition, this study showed that Indigenous peoples in Brazil experience health inequities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Obesity, and Biochemical Markers in Elderly Outpatients","authors":"Phuong Thi Minh Bui,&nbsp;Tien Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Tien Quoc Nguyen,&nbsp;Cuong Duy Nguyen,&nbsp;Binh Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Anh Minh Hoang,&nbsp;Trung Viet Vu,&nbsp;Dat Minh Le,&nbsp;Van Hang Nguyet Nguyen,&nbsp;Dung Van Tran","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep quality (measured by The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—PSQI), body mass index (BMI), and obesity status, and to explore whether metabolic factors (e.g., fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) influence this association in elderly outpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 elderly people at Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Vietnam from October 2023 to June 2024. Adults who were 60 years and older underwent outpatient evaluations and biochemical blood tests and were recruited through convenience sampling. Sleep quality was self-reported (PSQI), whereas BMI and biochemical markers were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average PSQI score was 11.00 ± 2.68, and the average BMI was 22.56 ± 2.36. The older adults with normal sleep quality had a significantly higher BMI than those with poor sleep quality (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The obesity rate was 13.1%, while metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 36.4% of participants. Logistic regression revealed that higher education levels were associated with increased odds of poor sleep quality compared to those with primary education and lower. There was no association between sleep quality, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that education level and BMI significantly affected sleep quality; however, no association was found between sleep quality and obesity or metabolic syndrome in older adults. Improving sleep habits should be considered in the weight management of the elderly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Calibrated Morphs to Facial Stimuli: The Beauty of a Statistically Informed Picture","authors":"Sonja Windhager,&nbsp;Katrin Schaefer,&nbsp;Bernhard Fink","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70048","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The interest in physical appearance and attractiveness is presumably much older than modern humans. The depiction of the human face and body is the subject of many artworks including the Upper Paleolithic Venus figurines (e.g., the Venus of Willendorf, c. 30 000 years ago) and many paintings and sculptures of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The scientific inquiry into the systematic variation of physical appearance also has a long history. Egyptian artisans already used square grids and standard proportions to produce consistent depictions of human and other figures (Robins &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;). In “Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology,” Dennis E. Slice (&lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;, 1) summarized more recent developments in the scientific inquiry of the human physique as follows: “Johann Sigismund Elsholtz formalized the scientific measurement of living individuals, &lt;i&gt;anthropometry&lt;/i&gt;, in his 1654 Doctoral dissertation (Kolar and Salter &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;), and his particular interest in symmetry would appeal to many present-day anthropologists and general biologists. From the 19th century to the present day, the measurement and analysis of human beings and their skeletal remains have been a central theme in anthropology, though not always with beneficent motivation (e.g., Gould &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;). During this time, anthropologists have often taken advantage of the state-of-the-art in statistical methodology, but they have not been just passive consumers of technological innovation. Indeed, pervasive interest in our own species, its artifacts, and our closest relatives has motivated and contributed much to the development of statistical methods that are now taken for granted in areas far afield from anthropology. The early work of the biometric laboratory established by Galton and Pearson bears witness to the vital interplay between the development of statistical methodology and anthropological research (e.g., Mahalanobis 1928, 1930; Morant 1928, 1939; Pearson 1903, 1933).”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dynamic interplay between physical anthropology and statistical advancements persists because emerging methods in shape analysis are often driven by anthropological inquiries. Conversely, the introduction of novel morphometric tools fosters new research opportunities and presents robust alternatives to conventional approaches. Key contributions encompass projections of future directions in morphometrics, advancements in shape analysis methodologies, and examples illustrating how state-of-the-art morphometric techniques help address fundamental research questions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By about 1880, Francis Galton combined photographic portraits into composite images leading to the observation that similar features of family members were particularly defined (Galton &lt;span&gt;1878&lt;/span&gt;). More than 100 years later, the technique was resurrected and facilitated empirical approaches to understanding human responses to facial variation. Some scholars will remember the video of","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interacting Water Insecurity and Food Insecurity: Recent Advances in Theory and Application","authors":"Alexandra Brewis,&nbsp;Wendy Jepson,&nbsp;Asher Y. Rosinger,&nbsp;Justin Stoler,&nbsp;Cassandra L. Workman,&nbsp;Amber Wutich,&nbsp;Sera L. Young","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brewis, Workman et al. (2020) provided a basis for significant subsequent advancement in understanding the interplay between household water insecurity and food insecurity across diverse global contexts. This commentary reflects on the subsequent evolution of research and its application in the 5 years since the study's initial online publication in <i>AJHB</i>, highlighting dynamic mechanisms that link water insecurity and food insecurity and the implications for human health. Newer studies suggest that water insecurity may drive food insecurity more significantly than vice versa, with localized case studies revealing the diversity and complexity of multi-scalar factors that contribute to these relationships. Future research priorities include more refined water insecurity measurement tools and further testing of potential mechanisms in theorized causal pathways linking water insecurity and food insecurity to each other and health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Fitness and Health Profile of Adolescents Living in Amazonas","authors":"Luciana Pereira Miranda,&nbsp;Duarte Henriques-Neto,&nbsp;Francisney Izidio Leitão,&nbsp;Alex Barreto de Lima","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical fitness is an indicator of health in young populations. The aim of this study was to assess the health profile of adolescents living in the interior of the state of Amazonas, Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample consisted of 1332 adolescents (701 girls) aged between 10 and 15 years. Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio were the attributes used to assess anthropometric markers of body size. Physical fitness tests from the PROESP-Br battery were used to assess muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate high prevalences of overweight and obesity, with 25% for boys and 23.1% for girls. In addition, around 50% of the adolescents had insufficient levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Boys showed a higher prevalence of a healthy risk profile in the different physical fitness tests in all municipalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this research are fundamental for the specific development of policies and strategies to promote health in young people with these social and geographical characteristics. The assessment of physical fitness in a school context can contribute to the development of public health policies for these populations, especially in communities with low economic resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Altitude Adaptations in Cranial and Facial Morphology Among the Native Populations of Qinghai and Pamir and Tian Shan Mountains","authors":"Pavel D. Manakhov,&nbsp;Andrej A. Evteev","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the ecogeographic trends in the morphology of the cranial and facial skeleton of high- and mid-altitude mountainous populations of Central Asia and China and tests them against the morphological features of related low-altitude populations of the same regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on 32 cranial dimensions (9 of the cranium and 23 of the facial skeleton) was collected in a sample of 289 skulls (171 male, 118 female) from 4 high- and mid-altitude populations of Central Asia and China (236 individuals) and 3 low-altitude populations of the same regions (61 individuals).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The two-way partial least square (PLS) analysis revealed a moderate level of correlation between cranial morphology and climatic conditions in samples employed, with high- and mid-altitude populations of Central Asia displaying smaller cranial dimensions, specifically cranial height, than low-altitude populations of the same regions. The analysis of the facial skeleton revealed an increase in the relative width of the nasal aperture and nasal cavity for some of the groups employed, with various degrees of correlation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate the decrease in cranium size in mountainous populations of Central Asia, but not of China, which could be attributed both to the negative influence of high-altitude environments and socioeconomical influences. The increase in relative width of the nasal aperture and nasal cavity in high-altitude populations could be linked to the need for increased oxygen uptake in the low-pressure environment of high altitudes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioecology and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Quilombolas Living in the Brazilian Amazon\u0000 Socioecologia e Prevalência de Infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em Quilombolas Vivendo na Amazônia Brasileira\u0000 Socioecología y prevalencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en quilombolas que viven en la Amazonía brasileña","authors":"Keise Adrielle Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Lilian Natalia Ferreira de Lima,&nbsp;Bruno José Sarmento Botelho,&nbsp;Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima,&nbsp;Wiliane Freire Pinheiro,&nbsp;Victor Martins Eleres,&nbsp;Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito,&nbsp;Bernardo Cintra dos Santos,&nbsp;Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima,&nbsp;Felipe Teixeira Lopes,&nbsp;Isabella Nogueira Abreu,&nbsp;Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres,&nbsp;Sandra Souza Lima,&nbsp;Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro,&nbsp;Andrea Nazaré Monteiro Rangel da Silva,&nbsp;João Farias Guerreiro,&nbsp;Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto,&nbsp;Hilton P. Silva,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto,&nbsp;Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study presents socioecological, epidemiological aspects, and the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a group of <i>quilombola</i> (afro-derived) communities in the states of Pará and Tocantins, in the Brazilian Amazon, to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 551 individuals participated. The detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed using an enzyme immunoassay. Socioeconomic and ecological data was collected from all participants 7 years of age or older who were not previously vaccinated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The seroprevalence of antibodies in both states was 40.7% and was associated with factors such as age group, contact with infected individuals, and being in lockdown inside the <i>quilombos</i>. In Pará, a statistically significant association was observed between seroprevalence and females, and the age group of 12–18 years. In addition, seroprevalence in Pará was higher than in Tocantins, and the reported use of masks was a protective factor, while in Tocantins, the reported use of masks was associated with the presence of antibodies. There was no association between the prevalence of antibodies and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms in Pará. However, in Tocantins, diarrhea and loss of taste were associated with infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Quilombola</i> are highly vulnerable groups due to the long history of enslavement in Brazil. This is the first investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its impact in these groups in the Amazon. The study helps us to understand the relationship of socioecological differences, behavioral characteristics, and the dynamics of viral transmission associated with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among traditional populations, and can be useful to the planning of more culturally adequate public health policies for future epidemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Adolescence: A Novel Approach to Approximate the Sociocultural Implications of Puberty in Medieval Spain","authors":"Danielle M. Doe,&nbsp;Nieves Candelas González,&nbsp;José Avelino Gutiérrez González,&nbsp;Oscar Cambra-Moo,&nbsp;Armando González Martín","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objectives of this investigation were to study puberty in medieval adolescents from northern Spain and use funerary archaeology data to explore the social implications of adolescence within this community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pubertal development of 37 skeletons (aged 8–25 years) from <i>Marialba de la Ribera</i> (León, Spain, 3rd to 15th centuries AD) was assessed, with 32 assigned a pubertal stage. Using this information in conjunction with burial location, the relationship between physical maturity and social identity was considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Onset of the pubertal growth spurt was observed to occur between 10 and 12 years, but delays in reaching the later pubertal stages resulted in extended adolescent growth. Menarche age was placed at 16 years. Developmental patterns observed suggest delays compared with modern adolescents but were similar to other past populations. Regarding cemetery distribution, most individuals who died while prepubescent or in the early puberty stages were buried within the children's section, while those in later puberty or postpuberty were not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growth deceleration appears to have been the point at which individuals were no longer considered children in this population. This stage marks a critical turning point in pubertal development because, although not fully mature, adolescents exhibit physical characteristics resembling those of adults and are able to undertake tasks and fulfill roles typically reserved for adulthood. Exploring social roles shaped by the biological life cycle facilitates a deeper understanding of not only the adolescents themselves but also the communities to which they belonged and may be the only way to truly approximate adolescence in past populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}